• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.220-227
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• 2012

Objectives: The study was to compare the shaping ability of Reciproc (VDW) and WaveOne (Dentsply Maillefer) instruments compared with ProTaper, Profile and hand instrument during the preparation of simulated root canals. Materials and Methods: Five groups (n = 5) were established. Reciproc, WaveOne, ProTaper, Profile and K file (K-flexo file) were used to prepare the resin simulated canals. A series of preoperative and postoperative images were taken by a microscope and superimposed in 2 different layers. The amount of resin removed from both the inner and the outer sides of the canal was measured to the level of 10 mm from the apical tip, with a 1 mm increment. Results: The mean of resin removal from the inner canal wall was not different from the outer canal wall for Reciproc and WaveOne groups at apical third (1 - 3 mm level). There was no difference in the change of working length and maintenance of canal curvature. NiTi instruments are superior to stainless-steel K file in their shaping ability. Conclusions: Within the limitation of this present study, Reciproc and WaveOne instruments maintained the original canal curvature in curved canals better than ProTaper and Profile, which tend to transport towards the outer canal wall of the curve in the apical part of the canal.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2005

본 연구는 형태 및 재질이 동일한 엔진구동형 ProTaper파일과 수동형 ProTaper파일을 이용하여 레진모형근관을 성형한 후 근관형태 변화를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. 본 연구에서는 레진모형근관으로 총 40개의 J자와 S자의 근관 형태가 재현된 ENDO-TRAINING BLOC을 사용하였다. 근관 성형 기구로는 엔진구동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 $ProTaper^{TM}$, 수동형 Ni-Ti 파일로 $ProTaper^{(R)}$ For Hand Use를 사용하였다. 사용된 레진모형근관과 파일의 종류에 따라 10개씩 4개의 그룹으로 나누어 근관성형을 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전$\cdot$후 이미지를 스캐너 (Color scanner, UMAX Technologies, Inc., USA)를 이용하여 얻은 후. Photoshop 7.0 프로그램 (Adobe System Inc., USA)을 이용하여 이미지를 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램 (Image-$Pro^{(R)}$ Plus, Media Cybernetic, USA)을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 및 7 mm 수준에서 근관 성형에 따른 근관의 내측 및 외측 폭경의 변화량, 근관 총폭경의 변화량, 근관 중심축의 변위량을 측정하였다. 또한 근관 성형 시간을 기록하였다. 두 기구 사이의 유의성 검정을 위해 독립 표본 t-검정을 시행하여, 근관 성형 시 수동형 ProTaper 파일이 엔진구동형 ProTaper 파일에 비해 근관 중심축의 변위가 유의하게 덜 일어나며 근관의 원래 형태를 더욱 잘 유지할 수 있지만, 근관 성형시간은 길어질 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2003년도 제120회 추계학술대회 제 5차 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회
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• pp.595-595
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• 2003

I. Objectives This study was done to evaluate which type of Ni-Ti instrument be able to perform canal shape well in the simulated canal with abrupt curvature near it's apex. II. Materials and Methods A total of 96 simulated root canals were made in epoxy resin(EPOXICURETM, BUEHLER, USA), ＃15 finger spreader (MANI, Japan) were used as root canal templates. The simulated root canal were made with radius of curvature of 1.5 mm, 3.0 mm, 4.0 mm, 6.0 mm respectively, and angle of curvature of all simulate camals was 90 degree.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.391-400
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to determine the shaping ability of stainless-steel K file (S-S K file), nickel-titanium K file (Ni-Ti K file) and engine driven nickel-titanium file (Quantec file) in resin simulated root canal. Computed tomography was used to evaluate the change of the root canal morphology. Thirty nine resin simulated root canal were divided into four groups (A:12, B:12, C:12, D:3). Resin simulated canals were scanned by computed tomography before instrumentation (1st C-T scan). Canals were instrumented using step back preparation technique with S-S K file in group A and Ni-Ti K file in group B. Group C was prepared with engine driven Ni-Ti file. Group D was uninstrumented to compare the 1st C-T scan images with 2nd C-T scan images of root canal. Instrumented canals were again scanned using computed tomography (2nd C-T scan), and reformated images of the uninstrumented canals were compared with images of the instrumented canals. In the sections of 2mm and 6mm from the apex, Quantec file caused significantly less canal transportation than S-S K file and Ni-Ti K file (p<0.05). Quantec file produced more centered than S-S K file and Ni-Ti K file in the sections of 2mm and 4mm from the apex (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the removed volume of canals among the each groups (p>0.05). However the removed canal volume from the apex to 5mm were significantly higher than them from 5mm to 1mm (p<0.05) in each groups. Under the conditions of this study, preparation with Quantec file was more effective and produce more appropriate canal shapes than S-S K file and Ni-Ti K file.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.15.1-15.7
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• 2018

Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the shaping ability of 2 thermally treated nickel-titanium reciprocating systems in simulated curved canals. Materials and Methods: Forty simulated canals were prepared to apical size 25 using Reciproc Blue R25 (VDW) and WaveOne Gold Primary (Dentsply Sirona) instruments. Standard pre- and post-preparation images were taken and superimposed. The removal of resin material was measured at 5 standard points: the canal orifice, halfway between the canal orifice and the beginning of the curve, the beginning of the curve, the apex of the curve, and the end-point of the simulated canal. The data were analysed using the independent sample t-test with a 5% significance threshold. Results: The canals in which Reciproc Blue R25 was used showed a significantly greater widening than those in which WaveOne Gold was used at 4 of the 5 measurement points (p < 0.05). The Reciproc Blue R25 instrument removed significantly more resin from the inner aspect of the curve at 2 of the 5 points and similar amounts at the remaining 3 points. At the 2 apical points, there was no significant difference between the Reciproc Blue R25 and WaveOne Gold Primary instruments. Conclusion: Both instruments respected the original canal anatomy; however, WaveOne Gold resulted in a more conservative shape with less transportation.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.294-302
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• 2005

본 연구는 ProFile, ProTaper 및 K-Flexofile로 근관 성형시 근관의 만곡도에 따라 근관의 형태가 어떻게 변화하는지를 비교 분석하고자 시행되었다. ISO #15 finger spreader를 15도, 30도 및 45도로 만곡시키고 에폭시 레진으로 각각도의 근관을 갖는 30개의 근관 모형을 제작하였다. 근관의 길이는 18mm로 하였고 근관의 만곡은 근관의 입구로부터 10mm 부위에서 시작하도록 제작하였다. 근관 성형에는 엔진 구동형 니켈-타이타늄 파일인 ProFile과 ProTaper, 수동형 stainless steel 파일인 K-Flexofile을 사용하였다. ProFile과 ProTaper는 제조자의 지시에 따라 크라운다운법으로 근관 성형하였고, K-Flexofile은 스텝백법으로 근관 성형하였다. 근첨부 성형은 #25파일 크기까지 시행하였다. 근관 성형 전 후 이미지를 스캐너를 이용하여 얻고 Photoshop 7.0프로그램을 이용하여 중첩하였다. 이미지 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 치근단 쪽에서부터 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9및 10mm부위의 내 외측 폭경 변화와 총폭경 및 근관의 중심축에 대한 근관 변위을 측정하였다. 각 부위에서 내 외측 폭경과 총폭경 및 근관 변위의 유의성 검정을 위해 one-way ANOVA분석을 시행하였으며 각 기구간의 유의성 검정은 Scheffe's test로 사후 분석하였다. 또한 기구의 변형과 파절 여부를 평가한 결과 엔진 구동형 니켈-타이타늄 파일인 ProFile과 ProTaper를 사용하여 근관성형시 수동형 스테인레스 스틸 파일인 K-Flexofile에 비해 근관의 변위를 적게 유발하고 특히 ProFile이 근관 성형시 바람직한 기구임을 시사하였다.

• 대한치과보존학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한치과보존학회 2001년도 추계학술대회(제116회) 및 13회 Workshop 제3회 한ㆍ일 치과보존학회 공동학술대회 초록집
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• pp.573.1-573
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• 2001

The purpose of this study to evaluate several wann gutta-percha filling techniques using weight changes of resin blocks before and after canal filling in ribbon shaped canal. Simulated ribbon shaped root canals in 30 transparent resin blocks were instrumented to ＃40 using 06 taper Profile. 15 resin blocks were obturated with gutta-percha using cold lateral condensation. Warm lateral condensation using the Endotec II was then accomplished on the same 15 blocks. Another 15 resin blocks were obturated using the System B.(omitted)

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.277-283
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the two warm gutta-percha filling techniques by measuring the weight changes of resin blocks before and after canal filling in ribbon shaped canal. Simulated ribbon shaped root canals in 30 transparent resin blocks were instrumented to #40 using .06 taper Profile. 15 resin blocks were obturated with gutta-percha using cold lateral condensation. Warm lateral condensation using the Endotec II was then accomplished on the same 15 blocks. Another 15 resin blocks were obturated using the System B. All canals were obturated without sealer. The resin blocks were weighed after canal preparation and after each subsequent obturation, and then weight changes of the resin blocks were calculated The results were as follows. 1. Warm lateral condensation using Endotec II and continuous wave of condensation using System B produced a denser obturation of gutta-percha compared with conventional cold lateral condensation (p<0.01). 2. There was no significant difference between warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation. In conclusion, the warm gutta-percha condensation techniques like warm lateral condensation and continuous wave condensation can be expected to bring favorable canal obturation results in ribbon shaped canals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.161-171
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to examine the morphological changes of different simulated canals according to the preparation procedures. With the use of clear casting resin, simulated straight and curved canals were created so that canal preparation procedures could be directly visualized and compared. Thirty clear polyester casting resin blocks which contained four simulated canals divided into three groups; Group A($0^{\circ}$), Group B($15^{\circ}$), and Group C($30^{\circ}$). In each block, 3 canals were prepared different preparation techniques, which were conventional method, step-back method, and giromatic filing. But, one canal was not prepared as a control group. The results were as follows: 1. There was no difference on canal shape among three canal preparation methods in straight canals (Group A). 2. When conventional method and Giromatic filing were used in curved canals (Group B, C), elbow, zip and hour-glass shape were formed in apical third. 3. When conventional method and Giromatic filing were used in curved canals (Group B, C), tear-drop appearance developed at the site of the canal exit in curved canals. 4. In curved canals (Group B, C), file tend to straighten within the canal. 5. There was no difference on canal shape according to curved angle in step-back method (p > 0.1). But there was significant difference on canal shape according to curved angle in conventional method and Giromatic filing (p < 0.001). 6. Step-back method was significantly more effective than conventional method and Giromatic preparation in morphologic aspects of apical third of original canals.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2005

본 실험은 resin 시편을 이용하여 미리 제작한 근관 내 불규칙 확장부에서 근관 충전용 sealer의 적용 방법에 따른 충전 효과를 평가해 보았다. Endo-training Bloc을 절단하여 사십 개의 규격화된 resin 블록 시편을 획득하였다. 각각의 시편에 $\#20$, 08taper GT 파일을 사용하여 근관을 형성하였고 근관에 손상이 가지 않도록 시편을 양분한 후 양분된 시편의 한 쪽 근관 벽에 다양한 근관 내 확장부를 표현하는 구를 형성하였다. 양분된 시편을 결찰하고 절단 부위를 밀봉하였으며 AH26 sealer를 사용하여 단일 cone 충전법으로 근관을 충전하였다. 네 가지의 근관 충전용 sealer의 적용방법을 이용하였다: A군, $\#20$ K-file : B군, ultrasonic file : C군, lentulo spiral: D군. EZ-Fill bi-directioanl spiral. 모든 시편은 $37^{\circ}\;100\%$ 상대습도에서 1주일간 보관한 후 각 시편을 근단에서 3mm, 4mm, 5mm 부위에서 수평으로 절단하고 각각의 절단면을 위상차현미경과 디지털 카메라를 이용하여 30배율로 관찰하고 촬영하였다. 관찰된 절단면은 scoring system을 이용하여 점수를 산정하였고 각 군 간의 통계적인 유의성 유무는 Fisher's Exact Test를 이용하여 시행하였다.