• 치위생과학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2018

시판 중인 어린이 음료가 레진계 치면열구전색제에 미치는 물리 화학적 영향을 알아보기 위해 판매량이 높은 3종의 어린이 음료와 대조군으로 생수를 선정하였다. 제조사의 지시에 따라 레진 시편을 제작하여 시편의 초기 거칠기 값(Ra)를 측정하였고, 각 음료의 pH를 측정한 후, 레진 시편을 각각의 음료에 침지시켜 $37^{\circ}C$ 배양기에서 72시간 보관하였다. 72시간 후 레진 시편의 표면 거칠기를 측정하였고 시편 표면의 형태변화 관찰을 위해 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하였다. 레진 시편에서 용출된 단량체의 종류 및 용출량은 HPLC를 이용하여 비교 분석하였다. 생수를 제외한 모든 실험음료에 구연산이 첨가되어 있었고 어린이 음료의 평균 pH는 $3.25{\pm}0.17$로 '아이키커'에서 $3.03{\pm}0.01$로 가장 낮았고 '뽀로로'에서 $3.47{\pm}0.02$로 가장 높았다. 어린이 음료에 침지 후 시간 경과에 따른 표면 거칠기가 증가하였고 레진 시편의 표면에 기질의 탈락을 관찰하였다. 모든 실험음료에서 bis-GMA는 유출되지 않았으나 생수를 제외한 어린이 음료에서는 TEGDMA가 유출되었다. 이상의 결과 어린이 음료는 치면열구전색제의 열화와 단량체의 유리를 촉진할 수 있으며 유리된 단량체는 성장 중인 어린이에게 더 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있으므로 어린이 음료를 빈번히 음용하는 것은 주의가 필요하다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제19권
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

In efforts to characterize and understand the properties and processing of phenylethynyl-terminated imide (LaRC PETI-5, simply referred to as PETI-5) oligomers and polymers as a high-temperature sizing material for carbon fiber-reinforced polymer matrix composites, PETI-5 imidization and thermal curing behaviors have been extensively investigated based on the phenylethynyl end-group reaction. These studies are reviewed here. In addition, the use of PETI-5 to enhance interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and a bismaleimide (BMI) matrix, as well as the dynamic mechanical properties of carbon/BMI composites, are discussed. Reports on the thermal expansion behavior of intercalated graphite flake, and the effects of exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) on the properties of PETI-5 matrix composites are also reviewed. The dynamic mechanical and thermal properties and the electrical resistivity of xGnP/PETI-5 composites are characterized. The effect of liquid rubber amine-terminated poly(butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (ATBN)-coated xGnP particles incorporated into epoxy resin on the toughness of xGnP/epoxy composites is examined in terms of its impact on Izod strength. This paper provides an extensive overview from fundamental studies on PETI-5 and xGnP, as well as applied studies on relevant composite materials.

• Carbon letters
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

Carbon/carbon composites were developed using PAN based carbon fibres and phenolic resin as matrix in different volume fractions and heat treated to temperatures between $1000^{\circ}C$ to $2500^{\circ}C$. Although both the starting precursors are nongraphitizing hard carbons individually, their composites lead to very interesting properties e.g. x-ray diffractograms show the development of graphitic phase for composites having fibre volume fractions of 30~40%. Consequently the electrical resistivity of such composites reaches a value of $0.8\;m{\Omega}cm$, very close to highly graphitic material. However, it was found that by increasing the fibre volume fraction to 50~60%, the trend is reversed. Optical microscopy of the composites also reveals the development of strong columnar type microstructure at the fibre (matrix interface due to stress graphitization of the matrix. The study forcasts a unique possibility of producing high thermal conductivity carbon/carbon composites starting with carbon fibres in the chopped form only.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

The present approach shows the use of nano-silica/nano-alumina in polyurethane (PU) matrix, which lead to significant improvements in the mechanical and thermal properties of the nano-composite. It is observed that with incorporation of 1% of nano-alumina into the PU matrix, there is an improvement in the tensile strength of around 50%, and for nano-silica the improvement is around 41%, at the same concentration. The morphological data shows that above 3% of the nano particles there are agglomerations in the nanocomposite. Again with the absorption of moisture, there is a decrease in the thermal and mechanical properties of the PU resin, but in this research work it is observed that with the incorporation of the nano particles, in the presence of absorbed moisture there is an improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the composite, over that of the PU matrix.

• Carbon letters
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

Unidirectional polymer composites were prepared using high-strength carbon fibers as reinforcement and phenolic resin as matrix precursor with keeping fiber volume fraction at 30, 40, 50 and 60% respectively. These composites were carbonized at $1000^{\circ}C$ and graphitised at $2600^{\circ}C$ in the inert atmosphere. The carbonized and graphitised composites were characterized for mechanical properties as well as microstructure. Microscopic studies were carried out of the polished surface of carbonized and graphitised composites after etching by chromic acid, to understand the effect of fiber volume fraction on oxidation at fiber-matrix interface. It is found that the flexural strength in polymer composites increases with fiber volume fraction and so does for the carbonised composites. However, the trend was found to be reversed in graphitised composites. In all the carbonized composites anisotropic region has been observed at fiber-matrix interface which transforms into columnar type microstructure upon graphitisation. The extension of strong and weak columnar type microstructure is function of fiber volume fraction. SEM microscopy of the etched surface of the sample reveal that composites containing 40% fiber volume has minimum oxidation at the interface, revealing a strong interfacial bonding.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.105-126
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• 2016

In the present study, modelling and vibration control of axially moving laminated Carbon nanotubes/fiber/polymer composite (CNTFPC) plate under initial tension are investigated. Orthotropic visco-Pasternak foundation is developed to consider the influences of orthotropy angle, damping coefficient, normal and shear modulus. The governing equations of the laminated CNTFPC plates are derived based on new form of first-order shear deformation plate theory (FSDT) which is simpler than the conventional one due to reducing the number of unknowns and governing equations, and significantly, it does not require a shear correction factor. Halpin-Tsai model is utilized to evaluate the material properties of two-phase composite consist of uniformly distributed and randomly oriented CNTs through the epoxy resin matrix. Afterwards, the structural properties of CNT reinforced polymer matrix which is assumed as a new matrix and then reinforced with E-Glass fiber are calculated by fiber micromechanics approach. Employing Hamilton's principle, the equations of motion are obtained and solved by Hybrid analytical numerical method. Results indicate that the critical speed of moving laminated CNTFPC plate can be improved by adding appropriate values of CNTs. These findings can be used in design and manufacturing of marine vessels and aircrafts.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.191-209
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• 2022

Very slow degradation of synthetic based polymers has created a severe environmental issue that increased awareness towards research in polymers of biodegradable property. Soy protein isolate (SPI) is a natural biopolymer used as matrix in green composites but it has limitations of low mechanical properties and high water sensitivity. To enhance mechanical properties and reduce water sensitivity of Jute-SPI composites, SPI was modified with pine rosin which is also a natural cross-linking agent. 30% glycerol on the weight basis of a matrix was used as a plasticizer. The fibre volume fraction was kept constant at 0.2 whereas the pine rosin in SPI ranged from 5% to 30% of the matrix. The effects of pine rosin on mechanical, thermal, water sensitivity and surface morphology have been characterized using various techniques. The mechanical properties and water absorbency were found to be optimum for 15% pine rosin in Jute-SPI composite. Therefore, Jute-SPI composite without pine rosin and with 15% pine rosin were chosen for investigation through characterization by Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface morphology of the composite was influenced by pine rosin which is shown in the SEM image. TGA measurement showed that the thermal properties improved due to the addition of pine rosin. Antimicrobial test showed antimicrobial property in the composite occurring 15% pine rosin. The research paper concludes that the modification of SPI resin with an optimum percentage of pine rosin enhanced mechanical, thermal as well as water-resistant properties of jute fibre reinforced composites.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 에폭시 복합 절연재료를 옥외에서 사용할 경우 수분의 영향을 고찰하기 위하여 비등홉수조건에 서 기계적 강도와 절연파괴강도의 변화를 측정하였다. 또한 내습성을 개선하기 위한 방법으로 이전에 보고하였던 상호침입망목 수법을 도입하여 그 효과를 비교 검토하였다. 두 종류의 모체수지에 충진재를 0, 50, 100 [phr] 첨가하여 총 6종류의 시편을 제작하였다. 그 결과, 비등흡수시간과 충진재 함량이 증가함에 따라 수분 흡수율이 증가되었고, 기계적 강도와 절연파괴강 도가 저하됨올 확인하였다. 반면 상호침입망목 시편의 경우에서는 접착강도의 개선에 의하여 홉수율이 낮아지고, 기계적 강도와 절연파괴 강도의 저하율이 완화됨을 확인하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2005

가시광선에 의해 활성화되는 치아수복용 고분자 나노복합체를 제조하고 이들의 주요 물성을 고찰하였다. 복합체 제조에 사용한 충진재는 barium silicate와 나노 크기의 fumed silica가 혼합된 하이브리드 충진재를 사용하였으며 bisphenol A glycerolate methacrylate와 triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate로 구성되는 resin matrix와의 계면력 향상을 위해 실란 결합제로 표면을 소수성으로 처리하였다. 제조된 고분자 나노복합체의 기계적 물성을 평가한 결과, 나노 충진재가 첨가됨에 따라 내마모성이 향상되었다. 그러나 중합수축률 값은 나노 충진재 함량에 관계없이 3 vol% 이하로 거의 일정하였으며 광조사가 끝난 후에도 중합수축은 지속적으로 일어남을 알 수 있었다. 또한 복합체의 색차는 나노 충진재 함량이 늘어남에 따라 근소한 차이로 증가되었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.305-320
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• 2023

The mechanical properties of polymeric composites are degraded under elevated temperatures due to the effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of the resin and resin fiber interfaces. In this study, the effect of temperature on the impact response of the carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) was investigated at low-velocity impact (LVI) using a drop-weight impact tester machine. All the composite plates were fabricated using a vacuum infusion process with a stacking sequence of [45/0_2/-45/90_2]s, and a thickness of 2.9 mm. A group of the specimens was exposed to an environment with a temperature cycling at the range of -30 ℃ to 65 ℃. In addition, three other groups of the specimens were aged at ambient (28 ℃), -30 ℃, and 65 ℃ for ten days. Then all the conditioned specimens were subjected to LVI at three energy levels of 10, 15, and 20 J. To assess the behavior of the damaged composite plates, the force-time, force-displacement, and energy-time diagrams were analyzed at all temperatures. Finally, radiography, optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the effect of the temperature and damages at various impact levels. Based on the results, different energy levels have a similar effect on the LVI behavior of the samples at various temperatures. Delamination, matrix cracking, and fiber failure were the main damage modes. Compared to the samples tested at room temperature, the reduction of temperature to -30 ℃ enhanced the maximum impact force and flexural stiffness while decreasing the absorbed energy and the failure surface area. The temperature increasing to 65 ℃ increased the maximum impact force and flexural stiffness while decreasing the absorbed energy and the failure surface area. Applying 200 thermal cycles at the range of -30 ℃ to 65 ℃ led to the formation of fine cracks in the matrix while decreasing the absorbed energy. The maximum contact force is recorded under cyclic temperature as 5.95, 6.51 and 7.14 kN, under impact energy of 10, 15 and 20 J, respectively. As well as, the minimum contact force belongs to the room temperature condition and is reported as 3.93, 4.94 and 5.71 kN, under impact energy of 10, 15 and 20 J, respectively.