• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.840-851
• /
• 2021

In this study, we used a chemiluminescence reaction to investigate the removal effect of pet soil, such as dog blood, urine and feces. The soiled fabrics were washed with a standard laundry course of 30℃ and a washing time of 30 min and a pet care laundry course of 40-60℃ and a washing time of 100 min. The detergency was evaluated by the surface reflectance and chemiluminescence reaction (bloodstain detection by luminol test and urine-stain and feces-stain detection by UV blacklight test) before and after washing. The surface reflectance results did not show any difference in detergency for both courses, whereas the chemiluminescence reaction did. The detergency of the pet care course compared to the standard course was 101% according to the surface reflectance and 120% according to the chemiluminescence reaction. Therefore, residual stains not detected by surface reflectance can be evaluated through chemiluminescence reaction, and it was confirmed that pet stains can be managed more hygienically by washing for a long time at a high temperature.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.66
• /
• pp.258-265
• /
• 2023

After application of veterinary antibiotics, they may be partially metabolized before they are excreted by feces or urine either as unaltered form or as metabolites. Residual antibiotics enter the adjacent agricultural environments by spraying manure-based compost and liquid fertilizer on farmlands and lead to secondary pollution. The objective of this study was to compare the residual concentrations of 6 veterinary antibiotics by different production stages of liquid fertilizer from livestock manure recycling facilities. The relationship between concentration change of the residual antibiotics and the amount of liquid fertilizer component was also assessed. Pre-treatment showed the recovery of 63.4-106.7% at ppb level and the limit of quantification of 0.009-0.037 ㎍/L.As the result of analyzing the relationship between the residual concentrations of antibiotics and the amount of N component in liquid fertilizer by different production stages, the residual concentrations of antibiotics and N tended to decrease as the stabilization period elapsed during the liquid fertilization process. Average concentrations of sulfamethazine in raw materials, middle and final products of liquid fertilizer were 40.85, 26.17, 3.54 ㎍/L, respectively. Those of chlortetracycline decreased from 2.32 to 1.25 ㎍/L. The other 4 antibiotics also showed a decreasing trend by different production stages of liquid fertilizer. The amount of liquid fertilizer component N decreased from 0.21 to 0.096% by production stages of liquid fertilizer. It is considered that the correlation between residual antibiotic concentrations and N content can be applied as basic data for setting antibiotic reduction indicators.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.3
• /
• pp.24-39
• /
• 2018

Introduction The purpose of this study was to systematically review previous studies on Sasang type-specific pathophysiological symptoms in urination and defecation. Methods Peer-reviewed articles on type-specific pathophysiological symptoms of urination and defecation published until September 2016 were extracted from domestic and international six databases. Clinical characteristics from thirteen extracted articles were categorized into three urination domains of appearance of urine, capacity of bladder and urinary discomfort, and three defecation domains of irritability of bowel movement, functional constipation and discomfort from irregularity. Results As for the urination, Tae-Eum type showed dark color with foam, however So-Eum type had frequent urination and sensitivity to dysuria but no nocturia and residual urine sense. As for the defecation, So-Yang type showed frequent urgency and constipation, however So-Eum type reported loose stool. So-Yang type showed varied level of health status depending on defecation irregularity. There were disparities with rectal tenesmus among Sasang types. Discussion Six domains of urination and defecation related type-specific pathophysiological clinical symptoms were provided in this study. This study would contribute to the standardized clinical measures of Sasang typology in the near future.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1994.02a
• /
• pp.561-575
• /
• 1994

Williams, M K., King, E., and Walford, Joan (1969). Brit. J. industr. Med., 26, 202-216. An investigation of lead absorption in an electric accumulator factory with the use of personal samplers. Thirty-nine lead workers and controls, in stable conditions of exposure, each wore personal lead-in-air samplers daily for two weeks. During the second week samples for blood lead, urinary lead, urinary coproporphyrin, urinary $\gamma$-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), the punctate basophil count, and haemoglobin were taken daily. Duplicate estimations were made on one day. The lead exposures of men doing almost identical jobs differed by ratios of up to four to one. This could be attributed on y to personal differences in working habits. The correlation coefficients and regression equations of the biochemical tests with lead-in-air and with each other were determined. The mean values and $95\%$ confidence limits of single determinations of some of the biochemical tests corresponding to the two commonly accepted TLVs of lead-in-air (0-20 and 0-15 mg./$m^{3}$) were calculated from the regression equations. For each biochemical test the variation due to analytical error, the variation from day to day within subjects and the residual variation about the regression on lead-in-air were calculated. Previous estimates of the latter are not known. Excessive confidence may be placed in an index of exposure due to its low coefficient of variation within subjects unless the coefficient of variation between subjects about regression is taken into account. The correction for specific gravity of estimations of lead and ALA in spot samples of urine was found to reduce slightly the residual variation between subjects about the regression on lead-in-air and to increase the correlations with lead-in-air and with the other biochemical tests, but these changes were not statistically significant. The modified method used for estimating blood lead and urinary lead is described and validated.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.30 no.6 s.113
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 2005

The pesticide is raising public interest in the world, because it causes damage to an environmental pollution and the human health remaining agricultural products and an ecosystem, in spite of the advantages. Particularly, each country restricts the residual pesticide and induces observance about the safety and usage standard so that they can control the amount of pesticide used and defend the safety of agricultural products. The habitual practice for the analysis of the residual pesticide depends on GC (gas chromatography), HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) and GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy), which triturate the fixed quantity of samples, abstract and purify as a suitable organic solvent. These methods have the highly efficient in aspects of sensitivity and accuracy. On the other hand, they need the high cost, time consuming, much effort, expensive equipment and the skillful management. Carbofuran is highly toxic by inhalation and ingestion and moderately toxic by dermal absorption. As with other carbamate compounds, it is metabolized in the liver and eventually excreted in the urine. The half-life of carbofuran on crops is about 4 days when applied to roots, and longer than 4 days if applied to the leaves. This research was conducted to develop immunoassay for detecting carbofuran residue quickly on the basis of surface plasmon resonance and to evaluate the measurement sensitivity. Gold chip used was CM5 spreaded dextran on the surface. An applied antibody to Immunoassay was GST (glutathione-s-transferase). The association and the dissociation time were 176 second and 215 second between GST and carbofuran. The total analysis time using surface plasmon resonance was 13 minutes including regeneration time, on the other hand HPLC and GC/MS was 2 hours usually. The minimum detection limit of a permissible amount for carbofuran in the country is 0.1 ppm. The immunoassay method using surface plasmon resonance was 0.002 ppm.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.40-45
• /
• 2005

Age-related changes in bone metabolism are well established by biochemical markers of bone matrix in serum and urine, but analysis of the residual bone matrix, which is still turning over, has not been investigated. In the present study, we measured in vivo rates of bone protein synthesis using a precursor-product method based on the exchange of ²H from ²H₂O into amino acids. Four percent ²H₂O was administered to mice in drinking water after intraperitonial (i.p) bolus injection of 99.9% ²H₂O. Mice were divided into the two groups: growing young mice were administered 4% ²H₂O for 12 weeks after an i.p bolus injection at 5 week of age, whereas weight stable adult mice started drinking 4% ²H₂O 8 weeks later than the growing group and continued 4% ²H₂O drinking for 8 weeks. Mass isotopomer abundance in alanine from bone protein was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Body ²H₂O enrichments were in the range of 1.88-2.41% over the labeling period. The fractional synthesis rates (ks) of bone protein were 2.000±0.071%/d for growing mice and 0.243±0.014%/d for adult mice. These results demonstrate that the bone protein synthesis rate decreases with age and present direct evidence of age-related changes in bone protein synthesis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.4
• /
• pp.1123-1129
• /
• 2008

There's a case of a 74-year-old male patient who was recommended urethral catheterization because of voiding problem which is diagnosed as diabetic cystopathy. According to the Differentiation of Symptoms(辨證), we classified his situation as kidney yang deficiency (腎陽虛衰), prescribed Uchasingi-hwan(牛車腎氣丸). and treated with moxibustion and electroacupuncture. After nine days of such treatments, he started voiding himself without catheterization, and the volume of residual urine decreased. So we report this case.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.225-236
• /
• 2006

Objectives : This report intended to estimate effects taken by using Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy on a patient with neurogenic bladder induced by transverse myelitis(712, L1 level). Methods : From 6th May, 2005 to 30th June, 2005. The patient received Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy. Results : 1. Since being hospitalized, the patient's voiding has improved from intermittent catheterization to independent urination state. And the volume of residual urine has decreased from 150cc-350cc to 0cc-l0cc. 2. The urodynamic findings showed that first sensation, maximal detrusor pressure, compliance and maximal bladder capacity changed from 456ml to 195mL, from 29cmH2O to 31cmH2O, from none to 25.31mL/cmH2O, from under 650mL to 590mL, respectively. Conclusion : We considered Dong-Qi Acupuncture Therapy had a useful effect on Neurogenic Bladder.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the effect of Korean medical treatment on a patient with relapsing transverse myelitis. Methods : The patient was treated using acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine and other treatments including moxibustion and therapeutic exercise for 8 weeks. We evaluated the patient's motor grade with medical research council(MRC) scale and evaluated active range of motion in the hip, knee, and anke joint. Results : Through treatment the patient's motor grade and active range of motion all improved. Other symptoms such as lower limb hypoesthesia and residual urine sensation also showed improvement. Conclusions : We concluded that Korean medicine treatment had respectable effect in improving symptoms on the patient with relapsing transverse myelitis.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.376-379
• /
• 1999

We report our experience with a case of urethrolysis using a transvaginal suprameatal approach without lateral perforation of the urethropelvic ligament. A 43-year-old woman suffered from voiding difficulties such as hesitancy, frequency, urgency, decreased urinary flow, residual urine sensation after Marshall-Marchetti-Krantz operation concurrent with hysterectomy. The results of multidisciplinary work-ups of urethral obstruction such as history, vaginal examination, voiding cystourethrography, urodynamic study, showed that she had urethral obstruction due to a previous operation. Since clean intermittent catheterization and alpha-blocker therapy did not improve her symptoms, suprameatal transvaginal urethrolysis was performed to resolve the symptoms. Postoperative follow-up for 5 months showed that the patient remained free from voiding difficulty in their life. We believe that suprameatal transvaginal urethrolysis is worth attempting for urethral obstruction associated with anti-incontinence surgery.