• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.90-94
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• 1998

Self diffusion coefficients of $^{67}$Co and impurity diffusion coefficients of $^{51}$Mn and $^{65}$Zn in single crystalline CoO have been measured by applying different radioactive isotopes simultaneously. To compare the residual activity method and the tracer sectioning method we analyzed our tracer diffusion experiments by using both methods simultaneously. According to our experimental results, the diffusion coefficients obtained from both methods are identical within experimental error, demonstrating the relibility of our experimental procedures. The diffusion coefficients of all the isotopes obtained during these test experiments for the methodology are similar in magnitude and show similar dependences on oxygen partial pressure. These first observations indicate that impurity diffusion of Mn and Zn occur via a vacancy mechanism as known for self diffusion of cobalt.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.101-103
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• 2009

Minimizing the residual impurity level on the MgO layer is the key factor for reducing temporal dark image sticking on bright screen. In this paper, to reduce the residual impurity level on the MgO layer of 50-in. full-HD ac-PDP with He (35%) - Xe (11%) contents, RF-plasma treatments on the MgO layer are adopted under various gases for plasma treatment. As a result of monitoring the difference in the display luminance between the before and after 5-min. sustain discharge with a square-type image at peak luminance, the Ar and Ar>$O_2$ plasma treatments can reduce the temporal dark image sticking on the bright screen in an ac-PDP.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

The manufacturing method of permalloy soft magnet with the Ni contents of 46.6 and 47.2 wt% was investigated by powder injection molding technology. The magnetic properties of permalloy were greatly affected on the residual carbon and oxygen content of the sintered magnet. Solvent extraction and thermal debinding process to minimize the residual carbon content in sintered magnet were developed by controlling the debinding atmosphere. The residual carbon content depends on the debinding condition of the binder system for powder injection molding and the residual oxygen content on the sintering atmosphere. The sintered magnet produced by powder injection molding process had a 50 ppm. residual carbon, 150 ppm. residual oxygen. The coercivity and maximum relative permeability of permalloy soft magnet were 0.46 Oe and 14,600 respectively.

• Journal of Powder Materials
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.235-244
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• 2002

The effects of residual impurities on solid state sintering of the powder injection molded (PIMed) W-15wt%Cu nanocomposite powder were investigated. The W-Cu nanocomposite powder was produced by the mech-ano-chemical process consisting of high energy ball-milling and hydrogen reduction of W blue powder-cuO mixture. Solid state sintering of the powder compacts was conducted at $1050^{\circ}C$ for 2~10 h in hydrogen atmosphere. The den-sification of PIM specimen was slightly larger than that of PM(conventional PM specimen), being due to fast coalescence of aggregate in the PIM. The only difference between PIM and PM specimens was the amount of residual impurities. The carbon as a strong reduction agent effectively reduced residual W oxide in the PIM specimen. The $H_2O$ formed by $H_2$ reduction of oxide disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during removal process, on the contrary to this, micropore volume rapidly decreased due to coalescence of the disintegrated W-Cu aggregates during evolution of CO.It can be concluded that the higher densification was due to the earlier occurred Cu phase spreading that was induced by effective removal of residual oxides by carbon.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.73-80
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• 1987

During PWHT, it is well known that residual stress in weld HAZ is one of the reasons for PWHT embitterment. In case of static loading, it was experimentally found that fracture toughness of weld HAZ was dependant upon PWHT conditions. However, the effects of PWHT on fatigue behavior are not clearly verified. Therefore, in this paper, the effects of heating rate PWHT conditions and residual stress simulated in weld HAZ of Cr-Mo steel on fatigue crack propagation behavior were evaluated by fatigue Testing and SEM observation. The obtained results are summarized as follows; 1. Applied stress($10 Kgf/mm^2$) in weld HAZ during PWHT tneded to decrease fatigue strength and to increase fatigue crack growth rate. 2. Applied stress and slow heating rate of 60.deg. C/hr during PWHT contributed to precipitin of impurity elements as well as carbide, which promoted the fatigue crack growth. 3. Fatigue crack growth rate decreased at the heating rate of 220.deg. C/hr in contrast with 600.deg. C/hr and 60.deg. C/hr.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.95-97
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• 2012

Recycled aggregate (RA) produced from demolished concrete waste can bring about several problems on concrete performance, when it is used as aggregate for new concrete. Because RA generally has lower quality than natural aggregate due to the residual cement paste attached on RA and various impurities. It is also very difficult to ensure that the quality of RA remains consistent, because generally RA is produced variously. Thus, in concrete recycling, it is extremely important to estimate the risk of the impurities which could affect performances of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) focusing on the material flow of concrete waste and its recycling. This study suggests an evaluation result to expect the possibility of impurity mixing in RA production procedure. and suggests a risk evaluation model to expect the changes of RAC performances based on conventional data in Japan.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.08a
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• pp.320-323
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• 2007

The vacuum sealing method is adopted to minimize the residual impurity gas by enhancing a base vacuum level, and the resultant changes in the reset, address, and sustain discharge characteristics, such as a firing voltage, IR emission, and ICCD image, were examined in comparison with the conventional sealing method in the 42-in. AC-PDP. In the PDP cells fabricated by the vacuum sealing method, the ICCD observation illustrates that the discharge is initiated and extinguished very fast and its IR emission intensity is high.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.720-723
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• 2005

We studied the quantitativity of the image sticking which is occured by the resicual DC in the fringe-electric field switching (FFS) mode. Actually, in the FFS mode driven by the strong fringe electric field, the asymmetric residual DC was formed in the bottom substrate. It made the impurity ion stick to the alignment layer such as polyimde layer. Thus, the differnece of the luminance existes after the stress check pattern is applied to the panel so that we can see the image sticking. This image sticking decreases as the residual DC value between specific patterns decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to control the residual DC for the FFS mode with the high image quality. It is possible to eliminate the image stiking when the extra pixel voltage is applied through the circuit tunning for reducing the difference of residual DC accroding to the panel position.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.357-366
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• 1992

Residual organics were considered as impurity in Sol-Gel method. The purpose of this study was to find the conditions to contain as much residual organics as possible in silica gel prepared from TEOS(tetraethylortho-silicate) by Sol-Gel method. Residual organics are to be expected to have reduction effect on synthesizing Si3N4 from silica gel. The results of this study are follows: 1) The maximum content of entrapped carbon was 19.8 wt.%(C/SiO2=0.25 wt.ratio) in silica gel synthesized under the conditions 1.5 fold mole water for incomplete hydrolysis, 2.5 fold mole phenol as a solvent and 0.1 fold mole HCl as a catalyst to TEOS. 2) Silica gel with organics entrapped by Sol-Gel method had a positive effect on the formation of Si3N4 compared with commercial silica gel. 3) Sintered body of synthesized $\alpha$-Si3N4 with Y2O3 and Al2O3 as additives at 175$0^{\circ}C$ in N2 atmosphere showed bending strength, 602$\pm$20 MPa and frature toughness 4.45$\pm$0.15 MPa.m1/2.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1990.02a
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• pp.211-214
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• 1990

Investigation of GaAs/AlGaAs QW carried out by using PL and Absorption spectroscopy. In order to get high resolution (0.76meV) and low noise, proper experimental system was set-up. From measurements, we have deduced the properties of GaAs/AlGaAs QW, such as the residual impurity, well thickness, crystal quality, interface abruptness and well thickness uniformity. Also we can obtain other properties such as sub-band absorption by using Absorption Spectroscopy.