• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2021

The inverted Y-shaped strip detection method based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) was developed for the rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides. The inactivation of AChE by organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides has been well known. The AChE catalyzes acetylthiocholine into thiocholine having (-) and (+) charges, and the (+) charge results in aggregation of gold nanoparticle (GNP). Malaoxon and carbofuran were used as standard organophosphorus and carbamate for the development of the inverted Y-shaped strip, respectively. In order to optimize the method, various angles of the Y-shaped strip, different types of nitrocellulose membrane, and concentration of AChE were tested as key parameters. The detection limit of the method was 10 ng/mL for both malaoxon and carbofuran pesticides. No cross-reaction was observed to other pesticides such as atrazine, cyanazine, simazine, bifenthrin, boscalid, metalaxyl, and chlorobenzilate. Recoveries from lettuce spiked when known concentrations of malaoxon and carbofuran were found ranging from 96.4 to 100.7% and 81 to 112.7%, respectively. This study suggests that the inverted Y-shaped strip method based on AChE may be a useful tool for the sensitive, specific, rapid detection of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in agricultural products.

• Journal of Platform Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.54-65
• /
• 2023

Due to the nature of electric vehicles, the batteries used for electric vehicles have a very large rated capacity. If an electric vehicle runs for a long time or an electric vehicle is abandoned due to a traffic accident, the electric vehicle battery becomes a waste battery. Even in vehicles that are being abandoned, the remaining capacity of waste batteries for electric vehicles is sufficient for other purposes. Waste batteries for automobiles are very expensive, so they need to be recycled and reused, but there was a problem that the standards for measuring the performance grade of waste batteries for recycling and reuse were insufficient. As a method for measuring the remaining capacity of waste battery, the most stable and reliable method is to measure the remaining capacity of battery using full charge and discharge. However, the inspection method by the full charging and discharging method varies depending on the capacity of the battery, but it takes more than a day to inspect, and many people are making great efforts to solve this problem. In this paper, an electric vehicle battery residual capacity analysis technique using voltage deviation between cells was studied and analyzed as a method to reduce inspection time for electric vehicle batteries. To this end, a full charging and discharging-based capacity measurement system was constructed, experimental data were collected using a nose or waste battery, and the correlation between the voltage deviation and the remaining capacity of the battery pack was analyzed to verify whether it can be used for battery inspection.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.38 no.2 s.171
• /
• pp.101-111
• /
• 2005

The objectives of this study we to assess the extent and degree of environmental contamination and to draw general conclusions on the fate of toxic elements derived from mining activities in Korea. 인t abandoned mines with four base-metal mines and four Au-Ag mines were selected and the results of environmental surveys in those areas were discussed. In the base-metal mining areas, the Sambo Pb-Zn-barite, the Shinyemi Pb-Zn-Fe, the Geodo Cu-Fe and the Shiheung Cu-Pb-Zn mine, significant levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found in mine dump soils developed over mine waste materials, tailings and slag. Furthermore, agricultural soils, stream sediments and stream water near the mines were severely contaminated by the metals mainly due to the continuing dispersion downstream and downslope from the sites, which was controlled by the feature of geography, prevailing wind directions and the distance from the mine. In e Au-Ag mining areas, the Kubong, the Samkwang, the Keumwang and the Kilkok mines, elevated levels of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found in tailings and mine dump soils. These levels may have caused increased concentrations of those elements in stream sediments and waters due to direct dis-charge downstream from tailings and mine dumps. In the Au-Ag mines, As would be the most characteristic contaminant in the nearby environment. Arsenic and heavy metals were found to be mainly associated with sulfide gangue minerals, and mobility of these metals would be enhanced by the effect of oxidation. According to sequential extraction of metals in soils, most heavy metals were identified as non-residual chemical forms, and those are very susceptible to the change of ambient conditions of a nearby environment. As application of pollution index (PI), giving data on multi-element contamination in soils, over 1.0 value of the PI was found in soils sampled at and around the mining areas.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.152-157
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND: Since bottom ash (BA) contains considerable amounts of CaO and MgO, it could be a useful amendment to increase soil pH and to immobilize cadmium (Cd). This study was conducted to evaluate effect of BA application in reducing Cd phytoavailability.METHODS AND RESULTS: Bottom ash was applied at the rate of 0, 20, 40, and 80 Mg/ha to Cd contaminated soil, and then lettuce was cultivated under field condition. soil pH and net negative charge increased slightly with increasing BA application; however, there was no statistical difference among the rates. Water soluble, exchangeable+acidic, reducible, and oxidizable fraction of Cd decreased with increasing bottom ash application rate, whereas residual fraction of Cd increased with increasing bottom ash application rate. Lettuce yield increased with rate of bottom ash up to 40 kg/ha. Visual evidences of cadmium toxicity and growth inhibition were not found during lettuce cultivation.CONCLUSION: Bottom ash was effective to reduce phytoextractability of Cd and to increase lettuce yield. Conclusively, BA could be a good soil amendment to reduce Cd phytoavailability in contaminated arable soil.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.39-43
• /
• 2012

Purpose: In hospital image-guided radiation therapy in patients with bladder cancer to enhance the reproducibility of the appropriate amount, depending on the patient's condition, and image-guided injection of saline system (On-Board Imager system, OBI, VARIAN, USA) three of the Cone-Beam CT dimensional matching (3D-3D matching) to be the treatment. In this study, the treatment of patients with bladder cancer at Cone-Beam CT image obtained through the analysis of the bones based matching and matching based on the bladder to learn about the differences, the bladder's volume change injected saline solution by looking at the bladder for the treatment of patients with a more appropriate image matching is to assess how the discussion. Materials and Methods: At our hospital from January 2009 to April 2010 admitted for radiation therapy patients, 7 patients with bladder cancer using a Folly catheter of residual urine in the bladder after removing the amount determined according to individual patient enough to inject saline CT-Sim was designed after the treatment plan. After that, using OBI before treatment to confirm position with Cone-Beam CT scan was physician in charge of matching was performed in all patients. CBCT images using a total of 45 bones, bladder, based on image matching and image matching based on the difference were analyzed. In addition, changes in bladder volume of Eclipse (version 8.0, VARIAN, USA) persuaded through. Results: Bones, one based image matching based on the bladder and re-matching the X axis is the difference between the average $3{\pm}2mm$, Y axis, $1.8{\pm}1.3mm$, Z-axis travel distance is $2.3{\pm}1.7mm$ and the overall $4.8{\pm}2.0mm$, respectively. The volume of the bladder compared to the baseline showed a difference of $4.03{\pm}3.97%$. Conclusion: Anatomical location and nature of the bladder due to internal movement of the bones, even after matching with the image of the bladder occurred in different locations. In addition, the volume of saline-filled bladder showed up the difference between the 4.03 percent, but matched in both images to be included in the planned volumes were able to confirm. Thus, after injection of saline into the bladder base by providing a more accurate image matching will be able to conduct therapy.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.108-115
• /
• 2017

We report the assembly procedure and performance evaluation of a visible and near-infrared spectrometer in the wavelength region of 400-900 nm, which is later to be combined with fore-optics (a telescope) to form a f/2.5 imaging spectrometer with a field of view of ${\pm}7.68^{\circ}$. The detector at the final image plane is a $640{\times}480$ charge-coupled device with a $24{\mu}m$ pixel size. The spectrometer is in an Offner relay configuration consisting of two concentric, spherical mirrors, the secondary of which is replaced by a convex grating mirror. A double-pass test method with an interferometer is often applied in the assembly process of precision optics, but was excluded from our study due to a large residual wavefront error (WFE) in optical design of 210 nm ($0.35{\lambda}$ at 600 nm) root-mean-square (RMS). This results in a single-path test method with a Shack-Hartmann sensor. The final assembly was tested to have a RMS WFE increase of less than 90 nm over the entire field of view, a keystone of 0.08 pixels, a smile of 1.13 pixels and a spectral resolution of 4.32 nm. During the procedure, we confirmed the validity of using a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor to monitor alignment in the assembly of an Offner-like spectrometer.