• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.163-172
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to present implications in the planning and design methodology for revitalization of public spaces for mixed-use residential building. For the purpose, I have taken a literature research and a site analysis with cases of 'Kyungsung Univ.·Bukyung Nat'l Univ. Station'-area in Busan City. The analysis framework was consist of spatial composition, street facilities, use behavior, and connection with the street. The result of this study is as follows; 1) It is needed to consist of an empty space practically usable in an open location that is easy to access by the general public. 2) Considering the use of people, it is needed to install street furniture that can actually be used for rest. 3) It is needed to make a plan and design that considers the access and use of the general public and the space through it. 4) It is needed to create a synergistic effect in the integration of the street and the public space and the linkage with the street through this.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.893-899
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• 2012

This paper suggests some strategies for the regional regeneration of Baegun Railway station and surrounding area. One is the reduction of the regional unbalance in those divided into two parts, the other is multi-dimentional plan through the efficient land-use on the side area of railway. For these regional regeneration, providing integrated transit system for the passenger's convenience, connecting existing green axis and creating green zone covering the railway, modifying and improvement of residential environment are suggested.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4D
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• pp.467-472
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• 2009

Even if Seoul City administration improved its public transportation service, transportation model share in seoul has not been increased. Subway user is also decreasing. Therefore, policy transition into TOD(Transit Oriented Development) should be applied in oder to enhance subway modal share. This paper develops a influencing model by using variables of transportation demand and supply. In addition, it provides major influencing factors for users in subway station area and level of transportation supply based on the analysis results. The results show that: first, cluster analysis presents that traffic pattern is proved to be different according to land use characteristics(residence, non-residence); second, main transportation variables such as transferring distance, the number of bus stop, the number of short distant bus lines, and the number of bicycle are more supplied in residential area compared to non-residential areas; third, the number of lines, bus dispatching interval, operating time, and distance between subway stations are more supplied in non-residential areas than residential areas. All in all, the results will be useful for providing priority of considerations in case of decision-making on public transportation policy in subway station area.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.319-323
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• 1999

This study was designed to evaluate the exposure to benzene by residents in neighborhoods near a major roadways, by persons waiting buses, and by drivers and service station attendants while refueling. It was confirmed that the outdoor air benzene concentrations near the major roadways were higher than those further away from the sources. However, neither the indoor air nor breath concentrations were different for two specified residential areas. Smoking was confirmed as an important factor for the indoor air benzene levels. Persons waiting buses, drivers and service station attendants were exposed to elevated benzene levels compared to even the residents in neighborhoods near a major roadways. The mean benzene concentration at bus stop was 2.7 to 6.9 times higher than the mean ambient air concentration. The mean benzene concentrations in the breathing zone of drivers and service station attendants were 95 to 160 and 120 to 202 times higher than the mean ambient air concentrations, respectively.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.418-425
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• 2013

Objective: This study was carried out for the purpose of identifying major substances contributing to the production of odor and evaluating the characteristic of odors. Methods: Complex odor and 17 odorous compounds were measured at 18 waste transfer stations located in Seoul. Results: The dilution ratio value of complex odor ranged from 4 to 30 times in the boundary layer of 18 waste transfer stations. At 6 measurement points among the 18 waste transfer stations, the dilution ratio values exceeded standards (15 times). When the results were evaluated in terms of their contribution to the formation of malodor, the patterns indicated that the highest concentration values in the residential waste disposal process were of i-valeraldehyde and acetaldehyde, while butyraldehyde and acetaldehyde accounted for a large proportion of odorous compounds from the waste recycling process. Conclusions: It was found that butyraldehyde and acetaldehyde were the primary compounds released from the food waste disposal process. Overall, aldehyde compounds were the greatest contributor to detectable odor intensity emitted at the waste transfer stations.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.54-61
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatial characteristics of residential and nursing units in large skilled nursing facilities for the elderly that were located in city areas, and to discuss the way for efficient unit care. For collecting the data, the researcher visited 6 facilities to make explorations and to interview the staff concerned. Most of the research facilities had systematic residential units that each unit basically had elderly private rooms and the spaces for small group. The number of elderly residents per unit was appropriate for the limit which was suggested by Kwon(2002), but the sizes of small group spaces were smaller than the standard limit($1.62m^{2}$ per resident). The nursing units were made up of nursing station, 2-4 residential units, spaces for large group of residents, hair dressing, nurse, living assistants, bathing, storage and etc. Some of them had problem in efficiency of space use because they did not have distinct usage. In conclusion, this study suggests that each floor has one nursing unit including 40 residents maximum and each nursing unit consists of 2-3 residential units that have 20 residents maximum per unit. In each residential unit, the furniture and spaces for efficient unit-care should be arranged, such as TV, dining table, kitchenette, bathroom, and rooms for living assistants. The hall type is better for the small group so that it has a transitional characteristic leading to the public spaces. The large group space needs to have clear usage such as conducting program differentiated from small group, and various furniture such as sofa, TV, table, and etc which encourage the elderly voluntary use.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.261-273
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• 2022

This study aims to analyze whether facilities linked to the inside and outside of the station affect the revitalization of commercial spaces inside the station where individual rental stores are clustered. Rent, which can replace sales, was set as the determining factor for revitalization. In addition to the variables related to sales, culture, office work/residential, public institutions, and transportation facilities, the independent variables were the number of daily passengers, which is a location factor of the station, and the product sales business, which accounts for the largest number of industries in the commercial space inside the station. As a result of regression analysis, it was proved that rent has an effect on product sales business, linked sales facilities, transportation facilities, and the number of passengers on board. These results indicate that the formation of sales products that can increase purchasing power and the direction of facility linkage that can increase the inflow population into the station are needed to revitalize commercial spaces in the station. In this study, the establishment of a living-friendly SOC for residents' convenience daily life was suggested as a policy management plan for stations with a high vacancy rate due to reduced vitalization.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.73-86
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• 2003

In this study, we performed 8 times of water quality sampling and continuous measurement of flow to identify wastewater flow characteristics for wastewater treatment basins of Namyangju city. The field survey has been conducted 6 times in dry weather period and 2 times in wet weather period. Each survey conducted 24-hr water quality sampling in the interval of 2-hr. From the analysis of flow data and water quality data, the following conclusions can be drawn. For Namyangju-1 station, which represents residential and commercial mixed area, flow rises early in the morning before office-going hour and moves up and down within narrow range, and lasted after office-leaving hour, resulting from continuous commercial activity. In case of Namyangju-5 station representing community and Namyangju- 6 station representing residential area, the flow immediately falls down after rising early in the morning and later rises again at the office-leaving hour, and arrives at peak flows around late evening. In the analysis of wastewater characteristics for weekdays and weekends, without landuse types the flow rate of weekends is higher than that of weekdays because it reflects population, being not contributed to generate wastewater during the working hours of weekdays, stay home and produce wastewater for weekends period.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.52-60
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• 2005

This paper attempted to investigate not only the correlativity of land price and residential environment elements but also the effect that the residential environment elements influence on the land price, focusing on the Suyoung-Gu and Haeundae-Gu which are representative residential and waterfront area in Pusan. For this purpose, regression analysis and correlation analysis as the residential environment elements in independent variable and the land price in dependent variable were carried out. First of all, from the correlation analysis between the land price and the residential environment elements, it become clear that the variables such as the land use, the distance to arterial road and, the distance to subway station have high correlativity with land price in all the research area. Then from the individual power of explanation and accumulative power of explanation of the each variable to the land price through the regression analysis, it was become clear that 7 variables which are the land use, the distance to trunk road, the distance to subway station etc. have 67% of the power of explanation to land price at the Suyoung-Gu, and 50.5% at the Haeundae-Gu. Moreover, researchers had an special interest in the correlativity between the distance to the coastal line and land price as well as the power of explanation of the distance to the coastal line for the land price. It means that researchers expected the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a strong correlativity and high power of explanation for land price. However, from the regression analysis and correlation analysis, it was become clear that the variable of the distance to the coastal line have a weak correlativity, and low power of explanation which is just form 6.4% to 7.6% in all the research area. In other words, it might be said that the variable of the distance to the coastal line is not so important one to presume the land price.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.221-228
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• 1992

In order to evaluate the degree of air pollution, soils from 125 and 60points of main streets of Seoul and Daejeon, respectively, were sampled and analyzed for the contents of lead, copper, iron and zinc by nitric acid($HNO_3$) extraction followed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry during June and September, 1990. The Pb contents of Seoul and Daejeon were 350.2$\mu$g/g and 175.9$\mu$g/g, respectively, which were 14.5times and 7.3times respectively higher than the control(24.0). In Seoul, the commercial area gave the highest value followed by resdential and industrial areas in the decreasing order, while the order in Daejeon was Industrial, commercial and residential areas. The Cu contents in Seoul and Daejeon were very similar(236.6 and 234.6, respectively) each other, and about 11times higher than the control(20.9). The concentration was highest in industrial, followed by commercial and the lowest in residential areas in Seoul, while the order in Daejeon was industrial, residential and commercial areas. The Fe contents were 25716.5 in Seoul and 22838.6 in Daejeon, both being similar to the control value(22537.0). The value was highest in industrial and next in commercial areas and the lowest in residential area both in Seoul and Daejeon. The Zn contents in Seoul and Daejeon were 728.2 and 404.0, respectively, wihch were 6.3 and 3.6times higher than the control(113.3). The value was highest in commercial and next in industrial areas and the lowest in residental area in Seoul, while the order was industrial, residential and commercial areas in Daejeon. The heavy metal content was higher in the soil of main streets than that of minor streets in Seoul. The content of lead in Seoul was higher in the streets of Chongro-ku(525.9) and Chung-ku(684.8), the central area of the city which had a heavy traffic, than those in Nowon-ku(320.3) and Kwanak-ku(312.6) which had relatively less traffic crowd. The similar pattern was observed in the content of zinc; it was higher in Chongro-ku(1305.0) and Chung-ku(1335.4) than in Nowon-ku(489.1) and Kwanak-ku(569.8). In Daejeon, the contents of lead and zinc were decreasing as the distance from Daejeon Railroad Station increased : they were respectively 157.8 and 447.7 within 2km from the station, 157.6 and 235.7 with in 2-4km, and 63.5 and 156.2 within 4-6km and 58.7 and 142.2 within 6-8km. In summary, the contents of lead, copper and zinc were generally higher in the central area of the city, areas of heavy traffic and areas of industry and commerce.