• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.401-407
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• 2022

Central heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) is one of the largest consumers of energy in the residential sector. This project explores the use of multiple HVAC units and/or Zoning in a single residence to reduce energy loads. The energy consumption data of a detached single-family home using two HVAC units, one primary for the main house and a secondary HVAC for a casita, was collected for the same month for two consecutive years, along with details related to the outdoor temperature and the square footage being air-conditioned by each HVAC. A regression algorithm was trained using the above details to find the relation between the parameters. Next, based on the occupancy and usage patterns, the HVAC was redesigned assuming more area under the secondary HVAC unit. The trained algorithm was then used to make energy usage predictions for the revised primary HVAC area, with the assumption that the secondary HVAC unit was turned off. The results were compared with existing energy usage data. It was determined that there were significant energy savings in the second scenario. It is expected that this study and its findings will help future research projects explore more ideas as alternatives to central HVAC, in improving the economic viability of existing options, and in developing a savings calculation tool that will help consumers make informed decisions on their best alternatives to central HVAC.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of fourteen odor compounds from a total of 10 sampling sites in residential areas around Banwol-Sihwa industrial complex. The measurement data are analyzed and compared with sensation of odor unit. Only a hydrogen sulfide out of four sulfur compounds was quantified above the detection limit (0.06 ppb) in the residential area around Banwol industrial complex with leather companies and a sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of VOCs were higher than those measured from a big city, and styrene showed the relatively high concentration from all sampling sites ($2.1{\sim}37.8\;ppb$). In the case of carbonyl compounds, acetaldehyde was found most frequently with the mean of 3.97 ppb, and its concentration difference was not significant between Banwol and Sihwa industrial complex. Of the nitrogen compounds, ammonia was measured at the relatively high concentration from all the sampling sites ($12{\sim}707\;ppb$), and a trimethylamine was found at the odor threshold level (0.1 ppb). The concentrations of styrene and ammonia showed relatively seasonal variation, the concentration of styrene in summer was five times higher than that in autumn, the concentration of ammonia in autumn was two times higher than that in summer. However other odorous compounds did not show such strong seasonal variation. Odor-concentration relationship between odor unit and $H_{2}S$ concentrations from industrial sources was examined and used as odor sensation evaluation, and thus the neighbourhood odor complaints maybe caused during the four seasons from the results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

There are many advantages to unit-care welfare facilities' care services for the elderly in Japan. The field research was conducted after holding interviews with employees at five elderly welfare facilities in Japan. This research analyzes the space arrangement of unit-care welfare facilities in Japan's Tohoku rural area. The purpose of this study is to provide design data on the space arrangement of a unit-care facility for Korea. The results of research are as follows. 1. Cafes, restaurants, and stores were operated in the elderly welfare facilities, which were open to the general public as well. Therefore, local residents frequently visited. 2. The kitchen, living rooms, private bedrooms and construction of the elderly welfare facilities were similar to that of normal residential houses. 3. The event hall is conveniently located at the center of the facility. 4. It was easy to understand the health status of the elderly by having a health office in the open living room. 5. There were open spaces which are frequently used by the homebound elderly, including room rehabilitation, daycare and short term residence. The above results will be used for space planning data in Korean unit-care facilities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.110-117
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• 2017

In the construction of high-rise residential buildings in which the finishing works are done repetitively in each housing unit, the construction period and cost can be reduced, while maintaining the quality, if the work process is properly managed in order for the resources to be input continuously. Time management methods such as the Bar Chart, CPM and LOB are not appropriate, due to the difficulties involved in the diagraming of repetitive works and applying them to the project. The Tact method also has difficulties in maintaining a constant work flow and needs significant effort and cooperation from the subcontractors to allocate the resources consistently. Partitioning, base works for finishing, floor mortar plastering and the final finishing work are done sequentially in residential buildings projects, and there are many repetitive activities which differ in terms of the work method, work area and productivity. If these repetitive activities are synchronized or converged toward the last work area, the goal of process management can be achieved effectively. Therefore, a process planning method for the finishing works of residential building projects is proposed, which takes into consideration elements, such as the sequential relation between the activities in each housing unit and classification of repetitive works in terms of their management method, work area and production rate, for the continuous input of resources into the housing units.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.35-42
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the change in building density and residential environment after the reconstruction of decrepit public rental housing complexes formed in accordance with the Land Readjustment Project during the 1970s-80s. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, in terms of change in residential environment after the reconstruction, floor plans that were limited to two to four types and to small apartments measuring $42.9m^2$(13py)-$56.1m^2$ (17py) became varied, presenting 5-6 types of floor plans and various sizes of apartments. In particular, the reconstructed apartments were mainly built in a size smaller than 85($m^2$) and in the 3LDK floor plan and staircase-style unit architectural structure in order to reflect the lifestyle of residents. Second, in terms of change in building density after the reconstruction, the building coverage ratio did not change a lot, but the floor area ratio showed great change depending on the complex, ranging from a minimum of 2.9 times (Singdong Complex) to a maximum of 5.4 times (Eoyangdong Complex). Such change is attributable to the reconstruction policy that aims to improve the residential environment for original residents, secure economic feasibility and efficiency, and reflect the lifestyle of residents while incorporating dividends assigned to the existing housing project members as well as the maximum floor area ratio allowed by the regulation. Additionally, in terms of change in the number of floors and building density after the reconstruction, the former 5-story apartments were changed to apartments with 16-28 stories. Accordingly, the number of households in each complex has also increased by 20%. Third, according to the characteristics of parking facilities in terms of the size and density of parking spaces, former apartment complexes had only aboveground parking lots, not underground parking area. The newly constructed apartment complexes have underground parking space, and the parking-housing ratio is 1.1-1.3 cars.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.137-145
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• 2007

This paper concerns about residential environment analysis program implementation for design and analysis on public housing complexes such that view and daylight analysis processes are automated and integrated into existing design routine to achieve better design efficiency. Considering the architectural design trends this paper chooses ArchiCAD as a platform for a CAD system, which contains the concepts such as integrated object-oriented CAD, virtual building and BIM. Residential environment analysis system consists of three components. The first component is the 3D modeling part defining 3D form information for external geographic contour models, site models and interior/exterior of apartment buildings. The second is the parametric library part handling the design parameters for view and daylight analysis. The last is the user interface for the input/output and integration of data for the environment analysis. Daylight analysis shows rendered images as well as results of daylight reports and grades per time and performs the calculations for floor shadow. It separates the site-only analysis from the analysis of site and exterior environmental parameters. View analysis considers horizontal and vertical view angles to produce view image from each unit and uses the bitmap analysis method to determine opening ratio, scenery ratio and void ratio. We could expect better performance and precision from this residential environment analysis system than the existing 2D drawing based view and daylight analysis methods and overcome the existing one-way flow of design information from 3D form to analysis reports so that site design modifications are automatically reflected on analysis results. Each part is developed in a module so that further integration and extension into other related estimation and construction management systems are made possible.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to gather baseline data on perceived priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction rates among consumers with the aim of using this information for future planning. Self-administered questionnaires were provided to 196 studio-type multi-family housing dwellers in the City of Gwangju from 2009 Apri 5th to 29th. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis. The main findings obtained are as follows: Firstly, in relation to perceived priority of residential choice, dwellers identified seven factors as important. Secondly, in terms of housing satisfaction about a unit room, the respondents identified five factors as important. This study confirmed that there existed passive correlation between priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction among residents in studio-type multi-family housings in Gwangju. It is very necessary to project a studio-type multi-family housing close to transportation for easy access, avoiding commercial districts. Delicate interior and design will attract more female residents as well as fully-equipped parking lots for people who drive to their workplace. According to research on a degree of housing satisfaction, all respondents expressed dissatisfaction with "noise". Therefore, in dealing with construction plans of studio apartment units, from now on, sound proofing facilities are required to reduce the acoustic invasion of privacy, especially, for units with more than two people. In order to satisfy all the demand of residents in studio apartment units, we have to pursue systematic and succeeding research about a studio-type multi-family housing well-fitted for the actual circumstances of local area and suitable for longer stay. To sum up, more research and development will be required for high-class studio-type multiplex housing for sale in dealing with households with financial stability such as two-paycheck couples, so-called DINK, or a professional single person, in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2008

This study aims to analysis the migration tendency according to the residents' lifestyle in a large residential estate development. The lifestyle of residents in the suburban area who make their life by agriculture is different from that in the inner city. It may affect on the migration tendencies of the residents. Sin-seo residential land development district is located in the suburban of Daegu is chosen as the case study. This study examines the characteristics of residents' lifestyle and their migration tendency and analyzes the correlation between them. According to the results, the appropriate countermeasures to support the migrants are drawn as follows; First, the people who want to resettle and continue to do farming in the same place should be compensated with housing lands near their farmlands. Second, the residents who want to carry on a small business should be provided with the housing land near to the commercial zones. Third, the size of the new neighborhood unit should be enough to preserve the existing social structure as the social relationship among the neighbors is one of the most important factors in rural communities. Fourth, the high level of housing attachment of the residents needs to remain by maintaining the names of villages and roads of the neighborhoods. It is required to consider the lifestyle of residents and active communities when large residential land development district is planed in the suburban.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2013

Mix-used development in urban renewal project is done to effectively utilize the limited downtown. Generally unlike a single project, It features placing a large number of different facilities(residential, commercial, business, cultural, etc.) which is each other organically linked. The purpose of this study is to suggest the method of modeling guide for 3D preliminary cost estimation considering visual and intuitive judgement of space in mix-used development Urban Renewal project. In this research, introducing SME(Standard Module and Element) breakdown structure, FID(Finish Identity) for estimating building space unit-based quantity take off was implemented. It could narrow the discrepancy of opinion between the stakeholders with more accurate cost-estimates, comparing to the traditional methods.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.95-100
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• 2017

Purpose: Now a day, Most of the residential house in Korea consists of apartment buildings. However, in the case of old apartment buildings, dwelling environment condition depends on management effort by residents. But we can't rebuild or restructure only old single dwelling unit in apartment buildings. And we can't move every single dwelling unit in the apartment building. Therefore, this study suggests a prototype of combinable container dwelling module apartment. Method: The method of research is exploring the case of previously constructed containers. Based on the case, This study suggests prototypes to create a variable apartment design with dwelling container units. Based on the prototype, various combinations are proposed to produce various types of dwelling space. Finally, this study makes an example plan for the apartment by using the container unit modules. Results: This study suggests combinable container apartment building prototypes. And it may be a fundamental study of changing the apartment building concept.