• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.295-307
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• 2002

In the Nakdong River plain a very thick clayey soils are covered widely. Since the early 1990's, some huge reclamation projects have been performed for the development of industrial and residential complexes and so on. Despite a large number of soil investigations have been carried out for the projects, the geotechnical properties have never been elucidated well, so that the settlements of the ground due to the mischaracterized properties were greatly underestimated. Therefore, it has been needed to evaluate definitely the characteristics of the clayey soils, particularly for the compressibility characteristics to help understand the settlement behavior. For the compressibility characteristics of the Pusan clays, physical index and consolidation tests were conducted on the reconstituted and undisturbed samples. Using the result of physical index, the Pusan clays could be divided into two different units, which have different depositional environments. According to the concepts of Burland (1990) and Nagaraj et. al. (1990), the intrinsic state line and field compression curve of the Pusan clays could be established. It could be found from their concepts that the Pusan clays are under the cemented and young normally consolidated state and largely consisted of two units. The cementation of the clays was as well identified by compression index ratio (Tsuchida et. al.,1991) and sensitivity (Leroueil et. al.,1983).

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.79-97
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• 2012

This study examines on the impact of biodiversity in circular greenspace of Cheongju city since 2002 greenbelt release. Research has carried out to investigate the biotope pattern change with landscape fragmentation. Major landscape fragmentation has occurred with development of residential sector and build-up of major highways. Settlement has been expanded to the entire area connected to urban district excluding the eastern forest. North-south district shows high road density, where inter-regional roads meet in the cross-section. It is found that landscape fragmentation impact on species richness as well as population size of the species varies depending on the animal species. The birds show high species richness in N2, N3, N4, S2(north-south zone) even with high fragmentation rate. This can be explained that birds can access to aquatic environment where they can find abundant food resources. The amphibians and the reptiles show almost no zonal variation in species richness than the birds. The more a zone fragmented in small patches, the species richness of the amphibians and the reptiles also tends to be declined. Information accumulation on biodiversity for integrating landscape planning in urban planning, various level of community participation in decision making process, and cross border cooperation with neighbouring Cheongwon-gun will be required for sustainable greenspace management of Cheongju City.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 2022

Currently the population of rural areas in Korea continue to decline due to low birth rate, aging population, and migration. This phenomenon is accelerated over time. And as a result, there are some declining phenomenon in rural society. And it is same in the residential and basic living conditions of rural villages. The increase ratio of empty houses exacerbates the rural landscape, acts as a cause of crime and bring out various social and economic problems such as worsening settlement conditions and local slums. The study is carried out to prevent this phenomenon by investigating the architectural contents of empty houses in the village, surveyed residents and owners and finally analyzed and synthesized to make a plan to utilize empty houses in the village. This study was conducted from June to December 2021. The conclusions are followings: 1. The empty houses in Korea were 1,511 million in 2020, 8.2% of the total number of houses, whereas those in Jeollabuk-do were 95,412, 12.9% of those of houses, and those in Gimje-city, the subject of this study, were 5,944. It is up to 15.8%. In particular, empty houses in Hacheon village, the site of this study, accounted for the highest ratio, with 25% of the total number of houses. 2. To understand the utilization and improvement of empty houses, surveys and interviews were conducted to residents and owners of Hacheon village in Gimje, and most of the residents submit proposals that empty houses were not desirable in terms of village landscape and safety. The owners don't have intentions of selling or leasing them. They want to remodel them and rent for a specific period. 3. As the physical condition of the empty houses(9empty houses) 6 empty houses of them are good. 4 of them are in poor condition. 4. By synthesizing these contents, nine empty houses in Hacheon village will be remodeled as the space for those of rural start-up young people, smart farm area, community space and rental housings for rural returnees.

• Journal of recreation and landscape
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.27-36
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• 2012

This study, presents the details of a propulsion system for a systematic approach to the remodeling of rural villages as part of the pilot project that will be implemented in 2013. Studies on remodeling rural villages have focused mainly on various concepts of remodeling purposes and functions, and on the size and allocation standards of the facilities, such as rural houses, village rest areas, or public facilities. Thus, research is required on the establishment of a plan to restructure rural spaces and suggestions regarding the standards applicable at the local sites. This study employed an upward access system to prepare for the remodeling project and encourage the local residents' participation. As a result, the local residents voluntarily participated in drawing up a comprehensive plan for the village maintenance settings and forms, and for making the arrangements, by discussing the pros and cons of the plan, or through the forum. Based on this result, the local government examined the project in terms of its specifics, size, timing, budgetary appropriation, and anticipated results in order to implement the project, and also provided aid from the field experts to review the plan for the space and facility plans, and the legal system to establish the remodeling plan for the rural villages. Thus, this study attempts to contribute toward improving the quality of the rural villager's lives through a comprehensive remodeling of the whole rural village, not through an individual remodeling method.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2002

With the advanced localization followed by the settlement of the local autonomous systems, every city has faced new realities that it is inevitable to change its environment and image designs which have been uniformly made without consideration of its characteristics. Accordingly, they have failed to effectively achieve the development goal which make them distinctive.. The identity of a city means an image rather than its attribute. It can be drawn only when the city has its own municipality as well as the superiority to others. For Corporate Identity(CI) to function effectively as a comprehensive medium of communication, We should take into consideration all the situations which surround the city. It should be emphasized on the culture and environment oriented image. To do so we first of all have to analyze in detail the current situations and characteristics of the city. Hence, this paper tried to propose the strategies of making the CI which expresses the unique identity and communication of the city applying the CI program which have been used as the way of business management. The creation of the CI of the city takes the following steps. First, find the potentials for the image of the city through the survey of its resources. Second, provide the motive for citizens to actively participate in making plans with a dear vision for the improvement of the city image, physical development and so on. Third, provide with the events and the projects for specialized goods of the city to strengthen the ability of delivering the information, to design the city image and the street environment of the city. Fourth, apply the communication design system to use actively the administration organization, to enhance the citizenship, and to differentiate the city image. To do so, a variety of efforts should be followed to integrate and promote the regional culture, develope the structure and the facility functions of the city connecting those factors effectively. The establishment of the city identity is required a variety of activities to make the environment of the city, and the agreeable residential environment for a better life by differentiating the characteristics the city has.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.577-592
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• 1996

The forming process of poverty region in Taegu and the feature of its spatial distribution which are reviewed hitherto can be summarized like this. 1) In the froming porcess of poverty region in Taegu, during the soverignty of Japanese Empire petty farmers became tenantry by the colonial agricultural policy of Japanes Empire and some of those came into the city and g\became urban poor class. They generally lived in poor houses or dugouts in the city, and 6.6$\circ$ of poor house and dugouts of the whole country were in Taegu and 4.9$\circ of the popolatio in Taegu resided there. During the period of disorder, because of the historic accidents, such as the restoration of independence and Korean War, the returnees from aboad and refugees converged into the big city so that those who need the country's relief stood out as new poor class. They generally made their dwellings with tents and straw-bags on vacant grounds in suburbs living form hand to mouth and shaped the poor houses area, so-clalled "Liberated Village". During the developing period, the number of those who need aid gradually decreased, but the problem of poor people by the city-concentration of the poeple who shifted from agricultrual jobs by economic development came to the front. They mostly lived in squatter area forming large poor class area, and generally located near the center of Taegu consisiting of West. South. East Ward. 2) Reviewing the the feature of spatial distribution, the proportion of poor class are highest within 1~2km from the center of the city and also high within 2~3km form the center and suburbs. The poor class area in the center of the city are mostly cleared and removed area and in suburbs by the construction of permanently leased, and leased apartments large grouped poor class areas are forming. In Taegu, 16 low-income class group residence areas and residential environement improving areas are dispersed so that they came under the so-called poor class area. But by the improvement of dewelling environment and living the poor people who lived in groups dispersed or bettered their living for themselves, so the poverty area is greatly chaning into average-levelled residence area, and on the other hand, large poor people's apartment complexes are being constructed in suburbs. 3) Up to now, the distribution of poverty area could be limited its scale to generally the area within 1~3km because the poverty region which had been in suburbs relatively came near the center of the city by the rapid urbanization and poor people preferred that area because of the living convenience facilities as well as the transportation facilities and job-hunting being near the center of the city. But now poor people's apartment complex is being constructed regardless of their zone of job sites, so the low proportion of occupation is pointed as a new problem.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.68-87
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• 1992

This study is the conditions of location according to formed the times in the clan village. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. in the 15th century, the characterestics of the village established residencial place where mountain stream flowed surrounded by the mountain and deep in the mountains with superior quality land. That's because Sa-dae-bu put equal importance on beautiful scenery and practical benefit for living. Stream House provided economical foundation for Sa-dae-bu to be able to keep confucial manners by putting limit their economic status to small medium sized land owner. Topographical condition such as valley or hollow separated from the exterior maintained unification of consanguineous village in self sufficient farming society and held on to independent territory against external to be able to stay away from turbulent days so that they formed residential area of Sa-dae-bu clan. And the valley where flowed clean water was considered as the connection of continuous place where distinctiveness of form in each curve and and factor of calm and dynamic scenery of the clean stream. Scholars in the middle of Chosun Dynasty located in the utopia as place for confucious retirement to study, a place for refinement by combination with the nature or as a way of spacial practice based on Confucious view of nature. 2. in the 16th-l7th century, Most of existing consanguineous villages adopt deep in the mountains for refuge. at that place, upward rank was established by settlement of the ancestor who entered in the village first, the principal was placed in the center of the village and since descendants became numerous, it was serialized as the space of descendants. So, it was arranged in the order of social rank. Most of the villages showed development step by step started from precaution by apperance of the mountain to the lower part. It's because the topography of valley around the village worked as the natural hedge against external force and genealogy of the clan, regularity of social status, order of entrance into the village were reflected into residencial destribution. Also, order of the rank coincided with the one of aspects on geomancy. Genealogical rank within the village represented spacial rank. Houses of descendants and branch families were placed lower than the principal which showed worship to the principal. 3. In 18th century after, as the village was settled nearby cultivated land considering economical loss caused by long distance between residencial area and cultivated land, direction of sect followed by development of village expanded from the front part of the village to the rear part. The principal that was poped out to the front presented frontage over exterior. Therefore, residencial area of branch families expanded to the rear starting from the principal. This represented a slice of social structure at that time. after 18th century, spirit was percieved superior over material, After then, development of cultivation and expantion of land created difference of economic strength within one village. In order to maintain and show off the status of Yang-ban, economic power of indigenous land owner became fundamental, so, sense to worship and to keep the principal became weak eventually. Taking advantage of that situation, residencial area of branch family expanded to the rear part of the principal which showed dual disposition conflicted with each other. However, these clan rules were destroyed and new rules were created after 18th century because of the situation and consciousness at that time.