• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1999.07b
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• pp.646-648
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• 1999

Kalman Filter model of demand for residental water and consumption pattern were tested for their ability to explain the hourly residental demand for water in metropolitan distribution system. The hourly residental demand for water is calculated from the daily residental demand and consumption pattern. The consumption pattern which has 24 time rates is characterized by data granulization in accordance with season kind, weather and holiday. The proposed approach is applied to water distribution system of metropolitan areas in Korea and its effectiveness is checked.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.38-48
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• 2001

Kalman Filter model of demand for residental water and consumption pattern wore tested for their ability to explain the hourly residental demand for water in metro-politan distribution system. The daily residental demand can be obtained from Kalman Filter model which is optimized by statistical analysis of input variables. The hourly residental demand for water is calculated from the daily residental demand and consumption pattern. The consumption pattern which has 24 time rates is characterized by data granulization in accordance with season kind, weather and holiday. The proposed approach is applied to water distribution system of metropolitan areas in Korea and its effectiveness is checked.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.195-214
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• 2018

This study estimates the price elasticity of residential water demand in Korea. For that, annual panel data from the year of 2010 to 2013 for 161 local water services is estimated by using panel quantile model. As a result, the price elasticities of residental water demand in Korea are estimated to be between -0.156 and -0.189 depending on its quantile. In addition, the study finds that the estimated elasticity of residential water demand by traditional conditional mean regression is relatively more influenced by high demand areas because the distribution of residental water demand in Korea is left-skewed.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1635-1646
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• 2011

This April 5th dam and Hwanggang dam, which are located in Imjin river, North Korea, become the main causes of water shortages and damages in Imjin river downstream. April 5th dam is assumed a small or medium-sized dam, its total storage volume reaches about 88 million $m^3$. And Hwanggang dam, multi-purposed dam of total storage volume approximately 0.3 billion $m^3$ to 0.4 billion $m^3$ is used as source of residental or industrial water in Gaeseong Industrial Complex. North Korea, which has April 5th dam and Hwanggang dam in Imjin river, manages water of approximately 0.39 billion $m^3$ to 0.49 billion $m^3$ directly. As water is storaged or discharged through dam, it causes a severe damage to areas in Yeoncheon-gun and Paju city, South Korea. Therefore, this study intends to analyze and estimate runoff through dam construction by using hydrological observation data and artificial data such as service water supply and agricultural water in Imjin river, water shortage and damage correctly.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.41-50
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• 1994

The depth of sewers in residential complexes was determined to prevent the separated sewers from misconnection between storm sewer and sanitary sewer, and from the submersion of the basement by minimizing the phenomenon of backwater when it rains. In residential complexes, main causes of the submersion were the misconnection of sewers, rising of the backwater level at outfall in sewer system, poor maintenance of sewers, and lacking in their cross section. Minimum depth of sewers should be over 1.2~1.5m. According to the economic analysis, the depth of 1.5m~3.0m was appropriate for minimizing the submersion of basements and for making the disposal of domestic wastewater more easily.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.291-300
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• 2000

Juam lake is a major water reservoir for the industrial and agricultural activities as well as the residental life of Kwangju and Chonnam regions. However, the water quality of the lake is getting worse due to a large quantity inflowing to the lake. The excessive growth of algae by the overfertilization may result in water treatment problems and also the interference with desirable water uses of navigation, aesthetics, recreation, and aquatic ecosystem. Thus the purpose of this study is to investigate the species and their amount of planktons in the lake and the relationship between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a used as a primary productivity index. The results of the investigation show that (1) the predominant species of algae are Microcystis aeruginosa, Anabaena affinis, Melosira granulata, Synedra acus, and Coelastrum cambricum, (2) the trophic state of the lake can be classified as eutrophic, and (3) there is close relation between the P loading amount and the chlorophyll-a.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.515-525
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• 2006

Survey was done to total 250 people to analyze characteristics of water quality in 5 widely used mineral water springs-(Teajosan(a), Leechungmukong(b), Onju(c), Yeongin(d), Crown(e))-in Chung-nam area and local mineral water usage. And the content of mineral and physico-chemical properties were compared in 5 sites. The largest users of mineral water spring was $40{\sim}50's$ of ages. Among those mineral water spring users, 52.5% had regular dietary habit and 32% showed improvement in lift habit after using mineral water spring. The mineral water spring users were engaged in student, housewife, professional, self-employed, etc. Those who were highly interested in health were likely to use mineral spring water more often regardless of age and occupation. Five mineral water springs differed in contents of mineral. The average content of minerals was $Ca\;28.5mg/{\ell},\;K\;1.5mg/{\ell},\;Mg\;5.3mg/{\ell},\;Na\;14.3mg/{\ell}$. 'K index' was an indicator of healthy water, and 'O index' was an indicator of tasty water. According to K indek and O index, waters of a b, c and e area were classified as 'tasty and healthy water', and water of e area had the highest values in both K and O index d area was classified as 'tasty water.'

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.209-218
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• 1997

The residential street is an area in which the residential function clearly predominates over any provisions for traffic. Therefore schoud it serve as a living space for the inhabitants. But in reccent times have motorists become lord and master through development and use according to the measure of automobile. As a result is being falling-off in the quality of residential environment particularly serious. This study have illustrated specially the environmental pollution (air pollution, micro climate. water balance and soil pollution) which the analysis of research data in foreign countrys. With that have this study proposed on the measures of the environmental friendly construction in residental street.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.587-596
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to improve inefficient use of rainwater in island area where it uses rainwater to supply the domestic water and to propose rainwater utilizing system that is most appropriate to the characteristics of precipitation in Korea. To accomplish these purposes, Cheju island was chosen as a study area and the design for the roof area and tank size of rainwater utilizing system was based on the result of the relationship between the actual precipitation and domestic water data which was used in the analysis by run theory to use run theory. Since the result of the analysis indicated that the designed rainwater catchment system was operated stably in Cheju island, the same result is expected in other island too. Therefore, if this system is executed together with the roof rehabilitation work of island area, it will bring positive effects on broth the improvement of residental environment and the security of domestic water.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.380-390
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• 2009

This study was conducted as a part of investigating pre-reclamation shorelines from aerial photographs to estimate coastal land area at reclaimed lands (Anjeong industrial complex, Myeongji residental complex, and Noksan industrial complex), southeastern coast of Korea. To assess how the shorelines were suitable for the calculation of coastal lands, we constructed shoreline change data. Secondary ground control points were used to accomplish triangulation for old aerial photographs. Two kinds of shorelines were mapped; one was the shoreline based on approximately highest high water level (AHHWL) and the other was the high water line based on wet/dry signiture. These shorelines were consistent at artificial coast. Shoreline change data were built with a variety of levels of error due to detailed differences in the photograph scale, quality of image, type of ground control point and type of shoreline. Thus assessment of the pre-reclamation shorelines at the level of qualitative analysis for the trend of shoreline changes was satisfactory. Most of shoreline changes before reclamation in this study were associated with coastal development. Investigation of shoreline attributes in relation to aerial photographs allowed us to understand the shoreline changes.