• 자원환경지질
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.99-108
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• 1978

The Gum-Ho river basin is one of the densely populated area having more than 35% of the total population and it was also well irrigated since earlier days in the Nackdong river basin. Most of the easily developed source of surface water are fully utilized, and at this moment the basin is at the stage that no more :surface water can be made available under the present rapid development of economic condition. Since surface water supplies from the basin have become more difficult to obtain, the ground water resources must be thoroughly investigated and utilized greatly hereafter. In economic ground of the basin what part could ground water play? In what quantities and, for what uses could it be put? The answer to these questions can be relatively simple;the ground water resources in the basin can be put at almost any desired use and almost anywhere in the basin The area of the basin is at about $2088km^2$ in the middle part of Nackdong river basin and it is located along the Seoul-Pusan express highway. The mean annual rainfall is about 974.7mm, most of which falls from June to September during the monsoon. Accumulated is appeared approximately after every 8 year's accumlated dry period with the duration of 5 years. The water bearing formation in the basin include unconsolidated alluvial deposits in Age of Quaternary, saprolite derived from weathered crystalline rocks, Gyongsang sedimentary formations of the period from late Jurassic to Cretaceouse, and igneouse rocks ranging of the Age from Mesozoic to Cenozoic. The most productive ground water reservoir in the basin is calcareous shale and sandstones of Gyongsang system, which occupies about 66% of the total area. The results of aquifer test on Gyongsang sedimentary formation show that average pumping capacity of a well drilled into the formation with drilling diameter and average depth of $8{\frac{1}{2}}$ inch and 136m is $738m^3/day$ and also average specific capacity of those well is estimated $77.8m^3/D/M$. Total amount of the ground water reserved in the basin is approximately estimated at 37 billion metric tons, being equivalent 18 years total precipitations, among which 7 billion metric tons of portable ground water can be easily utilized in depth of 200 meters.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.81-101
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• 2011

This study was conducted to understand the environmental and ecological function of habitat through evaluation of water environment, soil environment, vegetation characteristics, macro-invertebrate characteristics, and visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) in Hongdong stream located in Hongseong-Gun, Chungnam Province, and hereafter to utilize the results for the habits reconstruction and improvement project. As the results of water quality analysis, BOD, COD, T-P was almost below the standard quality from upper stream to down stream. The construction of small reservoir, wetland and water purification facility, and the management of non-point pollution are proposed to improve these problems. The soil texture was sandy soil, which is unfitted with vegetation development. The construction of shallows and bogs, and induction of soil sedimentation and biotope formation are proposed to improve these problems. In the plant flora, total 90 kinds were observed with 81 species and nine varieties in total 36 families and 85 genera, and the naturalization rate was higher at down area than upper area. As the results of macro-invertebrate fauna survey, total 26 species and 297 individuals in 20 families and 22 genera were collected. Peltodytes sinensis, Chironomidae sp., and Culicidae sp., which are observed at polluted environment, were collected as dominant species. An appropriate vegetation management party idea is necessary, and it is done an idea in consideration of the soil and a physical characteristic. Visual habits environment evaluation (SVAP) result was mostly determined with below normal (Fair) grade. Pollution source interception, purification pond establishment, and various bog establishment are proposed to improve these problems. With the above results, the ecological environment was determined with bad condition, and the improvement of biotope was urgently needed through sustainable monitoring and management of streams habitat in rural area.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.155-171
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• 2010

King Seong carried out the large-scale construction transferring the capital from Wungjin (Gongju) to Sabi (Buyeo) in 538. But because most of the Buyeo area was the low swamp in the time, it needed above all to form a site before transferring the capital. Until recently, in addition to the scientific excavation, the relief excavations for the construction of new building or the formation of road were conducted on many sites in the Buyeo area. As a result, many remains which were formed on the low swamp including the temple site of Neungsan-ri, Dongna Castle, the remains of Ssangbuk-ri (280-5 Bukpo, Hyeonnaedeul) and the remains of Gua-ri were identified. Also in these remains, the various engineering construction methods irrespective of the nature of remains were used for the purpose of the soft ground reinforcement as follows: mattress method of construction, pile designation, stone alignment, filing of decomposed granite soil, culverts and storage tanks. Especially, the mattress method of construction and the pile designation are thought to be the traditional engineering construction method at least in that they are appeared since the Three Han Sates era. And these soft ground construction methods had an effect on the construction of reservoir in Japan at the time. In the future, the construction method for soft ground reinforcement shall be concerned and studied further in the architecture and the civil engineering as well as the archeology.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 저수지내 퇴사저감을 위하여 댐 상류에 저사댐을 설치하여 퇴적토를 포착하는 방법의 적합성을 검토하기 위해 국내 10개 다목적댐 유역을 대상으로 저사댐을 설치할 경우의 퇴사 저감효과에 대하여 분석하였다. 총 27개 설치지점의 퇴사 저감효과를 분석한 결과, 연구대상 다목적 댐 중 대청댐유역의 본류인 금강 지점의 저사댐 설치시 퇴사 저감효과가 가장 큰 것으로 판단되었으며 저사댐 설치에 따른 수명연장효과는 미설치시 수명보다 약 60%가 연장되는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한 저사댐 설치로 인한 퇴사 저감률에 영향을 미치는 인자를 알아보기 위하여 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 유역면적비가 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 판단되었으며 유역면적비에 대한 회귀식을 도출 할 수 있었다. 본 연구결과를 통해 국내 저사댐 도입시 기대 퇴사저감 효과 산정이나 설치위치 검토를 위한 기초자료 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국기후변화학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.269-282
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• 2016

Watershed area can be submerged due to constructions and management of dams, and these change can impact not only on ecosystem and environment of river basin area but also on local climate. This study is conducted to construct and classify climate zones of Andong Dam watershed where the area is submerged due to the construction of the dam. By applying Principal Components Analysis (PCA) and Getis-Ord $Gi^*$ statistics, three climate zones were classified for the result. Each zone was then analyzed and validated with climatic and geological features including topography, land cover, and forest type map. As a result of the analysis, there was a difference in temperature, elevation, precipitation and tree species distribution among the zones. Also, an analysis of land cover map showed that there were more agricultural land near Andong Reservoir. This study on the climatic classification is considered to be useful as the basis for decision-making or policy enforcement regarding ecosystem, environmental management or climate change response.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

Agricultural drought is a natural phenomenon that is not easy to observe and predict and is difficult to quantify. In South Korea, the amount of agricultural water used is large and the types of use are varied, so even if an agricultural drought occurs due to insufficient precipitation, the drought actually felt in the irrigated area is it can be temporally and spatially different. In order to interpret the general drought in the past, drought disasters were evaluated using single indicators such as drought damage area, precipitation shortage status, and drought index, and a comprehensive drought management system is needed through drought diagnosis survey. Therefore, we intend to conduct research on agricultural drought assessment and diagnosis using re-evaluation of agricultural facilities and irrigation water supply network due to changes in various conditions such as climate change, irrigation canal network, and evaluation of water supply capacity of agricultural facilities. In this study, agricultural drought diagnosis was conducted on two agricultural reservoirs located in Sangju, Gyeongsangbuk-do, with structural or non-structural evaluations to increase spatiotemporal water supply and efficiency in terms of water shortages. The results of the agricultural drought diagnosis evaluation can be used to identify irrigated areas and canal network vulnerable to drought and to prioritize drought response.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2009

홍수시 댐 방류에 따른 하류하천의 침수지역을 신속하게 가시화하는 것은 댐관리 업무에 매우 중요하다. 하천구간별로 모의된 홍수위를 기반으로 침수지역을 효과적으로 표출하기 위해서는 하천의 만곡부에서 나타나는 중복영역을 제거해야 된다. 본 연구에서는 홍수분석모형 (COSFIM)과 FLDWAV 모델을 연계하여 하천 만곡부를 고려한 침수지역 가시화를 위해 배수강제 알고리듬을 적용하였다. 배수강제 알고리듬은 자동유역추출시 지형상의 함몰점을 제거함으로서 수문학적 처리연구 등에 장점을 주는 보간법의 일종이다. 본 연구에서는 남강댐 하류구간을 대상으로 하천만곡부를 고려한 침수지역 레이어 제작기법을 제시하였으며, 이러한 프로세스를 자동으로 수행하기 위해 Arcobject 컴포넌트 기반의 시스템을 개발하였다. 침수지역레이어 자동추출시스템은 시간측면에서 대용량 데이터를 기반으로 수행되는 홍수범람가시화 업무를 효과적으로 절감시킬 수 있었다. 또한 침수지역 레이어는 IKONOS 위성영상과의 연계를 통해 홍수 재해관련 업무에 실감정보를 제공할 수 있었다.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1976

It is believed that geological survey, drilling and geophysical survey which was carried out on Tertiary deposits in Pohang is a valuable but through the studying of many Tertiary sediments in Japan discovered many questions on analysis of final report prepared by National geological survey. The main reason is: 1. The seismic sound velocity which have regulated in the final report prepared by geological survey for Tertiary deposits in Pohang was 1,500-2,000m/sec in spite of oil bearing sediments of same age in Japan are 2,000-3,800m/sec. These may means the requirement of reconsideration of seismic velocity for Tertiary deposits in Pohang and required to have a dipper drilling. 2. Stratigraphically, geophysically, and paleontologically, the Tertiary deposits in Pahang land area is similar with that of Nishiyama-Hunakawa formations of Akita oil field in Japan. Nishiyama-Hunakawa formation is the main oil bearing formation in Japan. 3. Those valcanic rock including andestitic rock and liparitic rock which have extensively distributed over either at land area or at sea bottom, assumed by geological survey as the base of Tertiary sediments. But in case of Japan many oil bearing deposits are in over laid by these kind of volcanic rock. Therefore a possible of same condition with Japan is presumable on Tertiary sediments in Pohang. 4. It is believed that the Tertiary sediments of land area in Pohang is the extension of offshore basin but is wandering that the final report submitted by geologic survey have not remain any word on report of ECAFE discribed so much problematics as followed: A. Although it was assumed that no great thickness exceeding 1,000 meters, or major structures would be encountered in the Tertiary offshore sequence, it was hoped that shallow hydrocarbon deposits might be found, because these sediment are lithologically similar to those of the same age in the producing area of the northwest Honshu region of Japan where hydrocarbon are extracted from depths of only 500 to 600 meters. B. Four possible hydrocarbon trap conditions are represented in the survey area: anticlinal folds, faults, pinch outs, along the igneous basement and lateral facies changes. C. Most of the prime possible reservoir area are beyond the 50 meter water depth mark, except for the structures in Yonil Bay. D. Despite the shallowness of the offshore basin, sufficient trap condition exist in the area to warrant further exploration for hydrocarbon. 5. All of the problems mentioned above have gave us a strong reasons to have us hesitating to make a final conclusion on Tertiary problems in Pohang, before to have a drill to a depth to 3,000 meters or more whatever it is the Tertiary or a Mesozoics below 1,000 meters.

• 환경생물
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2009

식생요인, 토양환경요인이 수질에 미치는 영향을 연구하고자 1993~1997년의 자료를 토대로 2003~2007년에 걸쳐 조사를 실시하였다. 조사유역을 11개 소집수역으로 세분하고 하천 유역의 오염원 동태, 식생요인과 하천수질, 토양요인과 하천수질의 상관성을 생태학적 관점에서 규명하고자 조사를 실시하였다. 식생형은 총 10개 type으로 구분되었으며 식생형별 수질과의 상관은 특히, 굴참나무군락에서 용존산소(DO)와 5% 수준(r=0.98)에서, 일본잎갈나무식재림과 T-P는 1% 수준(r=1)에서 유의한 상관을 나타내고 있었다. 또한, 삼림면적과 총인($Y_{T-P}$=-0.0017X+0.2215, r=0.16), COD는 $Y_{COD}$=-0.0395X+8.5051 (r=0.47)는 역의 상관을 BOD는 $Y_{BOD}$=0.0098X+3.0381 (r=0.19)로 거의 상관이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 조사지역의 토양형은 서쪽의 토양은 단순하지만 동쪽은 암쇄토를 비롯하여 적황색토, 퇴적토 등 매우 복잡한 양상을 띠고 있다. pH는 5.4~6.0의 범위로 나타났는데 전국 토양 pH의 평균치인 5.4~6.9와 거의 비슷하였다. 그러나 TS는 75.8~80.2%, VS는 3.80~5.80%의 범위로 전국의 평균치보다 훨씬 높았다. 표토의 깊이와 유출량과는 $Y_{run-off}$=-1.0088X+35.378 (r=0.68)로 부(-)의 상관이 있는데 상류지역에서는 상관이 낮고, 하류 지역으로 갈수록 높은 상관을 나타내고 있다. 이는 상류지역의 경우 평균경사가 높아 표토의 깊이에 관계없이 유출량이 증가하기 때문으로 상류지역보다는 하류지역의 표토 관리를 철저히 해야 유출량이 일정히 유지될 것으로 보인다. 또한, 토양환경요인과 수질항목 간의 유의성은 토양 pH와 하천수질의 pH 간에 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한지하수환경학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.32-46
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• 2000

유성 지역의 지열수를 포함한 자연수에 대한 용존이온의 분포 및 거동과 같은 지구화학적 특성을 밝히고 지열수의 지화학적 진화과정, 심부온도 및 물-암석 상호반응특성을 규명하기 위해 유성 지역 내에 부존하는 유형별 자연수 (지열수, 심부 및 천부지하수, 지표수)에 대한 수문지구화학 및 동위원소 ($\delta$$^{18}$ O, $\delta$D, $^3$H, $\delta$$^{13}$C, $\delta$$^{34}$ S, $^{87}$ Sr/$^{86}$Sr) 연구를 수행하였다. 유성 지역 지열수는 순환수 기원의 지하수가 심부 열원에 의해 온도가 상승하였고, 방해석 침전이 수반된 규산염 광물의 가수분해 반응을 거치면서 천부 기원 지하수와 혼합되어 Na-HCO$_3$유형의 지열수로 진화되었다. 인위적 오염의 지시원소인 NO$_3$함량이 일부 지열수 및 심부지하수 시료에서 높은 값을 보이는 것으로 보아 오염에 노출된 지표수가 지하수로 유입되었으며 또한 일부 온천공으로도 유입되었을 것이다. 연구 지역의 $\delta$$^{18}$ 와 $\delta$D의 분포는 지구순환 수선상 주변에 도시되며 유형별로는 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않는다. 삼중수소 함량은 유형별로 뚜렷이 구분되나 대부분 지열수의 경우 지표수 및 천부지하수의 혼입활동이 수반된 특징을 보여준다. 탄소 동위원소비에 있어서도 대부분 토양내 유기물 기원의 값에 가까울 정도로 낮은 값을 보이는 것으로 보아 (평균 -16.3$\textperthousand$)전체적인 지하수 순환체계에 걸쳐 지표 토양 환경의 이산화탄소 공급이 이루어지고 있음을 지시하고 있다. 황 동위원소비 역시 지열수와 천부지하수와의 혼합 특성을 보이며, 스트론튬 동위원소비에 의하면 지열수의 Ca기원은 사장석의 용해인 것으로 판단된다. 다성분계 평형상태의 계산은 심부저장지 지열수가 100~1$25^{\circ}C$에서 평형상태에 있었음을 지시한다. 따라서 연구 지역의 지하수는 지하 순환과정 중 심부에서 열원을 만나게 되어 온도가 상승하였고, 물-암석 반응을 거치면서 상승하게 되었고, 이 과정중 천부지하수의 혼합과정이 수반되면서 진화된 것으로 판단된다.