• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.850-864
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• 2016

The Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) approach is a widely used statistical method for analyzing longitudinal data and clustered data in clinical studies. In dentistry, due to multiple outcomes obtained from one patient, the outcomes produced from an individual patient are correlated with one another. This study focused on the basic ideas of GEE and introduced the types of covariance matrix and working correlation matrix. The quasi-likelihood information criterion (QIC) and quasi-likelihood information criterion approximation ($QIC_u$) were used to select the best working correlation matrix and the best fitting model for the correlated outcomes. The purpose of this study is to show a detailed process for the GEE analysis using SPSS software along with an orthodontic miniscrew example, and to help understand how to use GEE analysis in dental research.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2013

The outcomes of entrepreneurship studies have been tried to help the entrepreneurs in start-up stages, but the outcomes of the entrepreneurship research are not fully utilized to guide the activities of the entrepreneurs in start-up businesses. To utilize the outcomes of entrepreneurship research for helping entrepreneurs effectively, an entrepreneurship ontology, a systemized specification of the knowledge in the entrepreneurship research, has to be established, Based on the entrepreneurship ontology, the knowledge of entrepreneurial processes can be illustrated, and a diagnosis and coaching system for the entrepreneurs can be built effectively. To establish an entrepreneurship ontology, this study investigates the intellectual structure of entrepreneurship studies by analyzing the contents of top journals in entrepreneurship field, and identifies the relationship among the key concepts through bibliometric analyses based on entrepreneurship corpus, This study suggests a method of establishing entrepreneurship ontology and utilization of the ontology. Through utilization of the entrepreneurship ontology, it is expected to explain the entrepreneurial processes effectively and to improve the rate of business success.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1445-1448
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• 2016

Purpose: The current study aimed at assessing the association between neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for the prognosis of the surgical outcome of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Materials and Methods: EOC patient medical records of surgical operations between January, 2005 and December, 2015 were reviewed and their data of clinicopathological complete blood counts (CBCs) and surgical outcomes were collected. To assess their effects on surgical outcomes, PLR and NLR optimal predictive values were determined and then compared with each other. Results: A statistically significant relation was found between surgical outcomes and NLR and PLR (p<0.001 and p<0.001), for which new cutoff points were gained (PLR: 192,3,293; NLR: 3). The sensitivity and specificity were 0.74 and 0.67, respectively for PLR and 0.74 and 0.58, for NLR. Conclusions: NLR and PLR seem to be useful methods for the prediction of surgical outcomes in patients with EOCs. Increased NLR and PLR proved to be beneficial for poor surgical outcomes. Moreover, PLR increase showed further help in the predicting outcome of EOC suboptimal debulking.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제64권5호
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• pp.677-692
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• 2021

Many studies have focused on pre-operative sagittal alignment parameters which could predict poor clinical or radiological outcomes after laminoplasty. However, the influx of too many new factors causes confusion. This study reviewed sagittal alignment parameters, predictive of clinical or radiological outcomes, in the literature. Preoperative kyphotic alignment was initially proposed as a predictor of clinical outcomes. The clinical significance of the K-line and K-line variants also has been studied. Sagittal vertical axis, T1 slope (T1s), T1s-cervical lordosis (CL), anterolisthesis, local kyphosis, the longitudinal distance index, and range of motion were proposed to have relationships with clinical outcomes. The relationship between loss of cervical lordosis (LCL) and T1s has been widely studied, but controversy remains. Extension function, the ratio of CL to T1s (CL/T1s), and Sharma classification were recently proposed as LCL predictors. In predicting postoperative kyphosis, T1s cannot predict postoperative kyphosis, but a low CL/T1s ratio was associated with postoperative kyphosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.62-69
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• 2022

Objective: This study aimed to describe a distinct subpopulation of azoospermic patients with isolated elevation of follicle-stimulating hormone (iFSH) and poor outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (microTESE). Methods: A retrospective analysis of microTESE outcomes was conducted among 565 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Testicular pathology was assessed by the dominant histological pattern and Bergmann-Kliesch score (BKS). Descriptive statistics were presented for the iFSH subgroup. Inhibin B levels, the sperm retrieval rate (SRR), and BKS were compared in iFSH patients and other NOA patients. Results: The overall SRR was 33.3% per microTESE attempt. The median BKS was 0.6 (interquartile range, 0-2). Of all NOA patients, 132 had iFSH, and microTESE was successful only in 11 of those cases, with an SRR of 8.3%, while the total SRR in other NOA patients was 38.1% (p<0.001). iFSH had a sensitivity of 32.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 27.4%-36.8%) and specificity of 94.1% (95% CI, 90.8-97.5%) as a predictor of negative microTESE outcomes. Conclusion: Patients with iFSH may harbor a distinct testicular phenotype with total loss of the germ cell population and poor outcomes of surgical sperm retrieval.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2022

This study aimed to guide the practice of group art therapy among Korean college students through a systematic review. Therefore, 164 studies relevant to group art therapy for Korean undergraduate students published in Korea from January 2001 to June 2021 were selected. This systematic review included 46 publications based on the PICO standards. The author systematically reviewed the included studies, summarized the characteristics and therapy effectiveness, and analyzed the overall research trends. The primary findings were as follows: First, the number of publications on group art therapy among Korean college students has significantly increased. According to a review of group art therapy characteristics, the majority of studies enrolled 6-10 participants (32 studies, 66.7%), applied 6-10 sessions (23 studies, 47.9%), and had an intervention time for each session of 90 minutes (25 studies, 53.2%). Second, research outcomes of group art therapy among Korean college students were grouped into self-related, society-related, emotion-related, and career-related outcomes. Regarding career-related outcomes, all studies found that group art therapy had a statistically significant impact on career-related outcomes, particularly on the levels of career decision-making and maturity. Most studies suggested that group art therapy had a positive effect on self-related, society-related, and emotion-related outcomes, with 6 studies finding no statistically significant effect of group art therapy on college students. Third, the most effective intervention for college students was the media-based group art therapy. In particular, college students had the most effective performance in career-related outcomes. This study is significant in that it uses a systematic review to integrate and summarize research results on group art therapy among college students over the last 20 years. This study revealed that group art therapy could positively and effectively affect Korean college students. Based on this systematic review, we expect to practice and develop group art therapy in Chinese college students with comprehensive guidance and convincing data.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2004

이미 여러 분야에서 모집단의 실향에 대한 질적 평가 방법 중 우수하다고 정립이 된 조사기법인 '초점그룹(focus group)'을 공학교육의 학습 성과의 성취도 평가에 이용하려면, 본 기법에 대한 정확한 이해를 바탕으로 우리 교육 실정과 공학 교육의 특징을 살펴 적용하여야 한다. 본 연구는 '초점그룹'에 대한 소개와 함께, 공학 교육의 학습 성과 평가에 활용할 때 제기될 수 있는 문제점들을 파악하고 대안을 제시함으로서, 학습 성과 평가의 새로운 기법으로써 '초점그룹'을 활용하고자 하였다. 조사 기획, 실행, 분석 단계에서 일어날 수 있는 문제점들을 정리하고 가능한 해결 방안에 대해 연구하였다. 실제 공학교육에 적용을 위한 실행에 이용할 수 있도록 조사 지침서의 간단한 예도 연구 제시하였다.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.371-377
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• 2017

Background: Social status might be a determinant of occupational health inequalities. This study analyzed the effects of social status on both work environments and health outcomes. Methods: The study sample consisted of 27,598 wage employees aged 15 years and older from among the Korean Working Condition Survey participants in 2011. Work environments included atypical work, physical risks, ergonomic risks, work demands, work autonomy, social supports, and job rewards. Health outcomes comprised general health, health and safety at risk because of work, the World Health Organization-5 Well-being Index, work-related musculoskeletal disease, and work-related injury. Multivariable logistic-regression models were used to identify the associations between social status and work environments and health outcomes. Results: Employees in the demographically vulnerable group had lower occupational status compared with their counterparts. Low social status was largely related to adverse work environments. Especially, precarious employment and manual labor occupation were associated with both adverse work environments and poor health outcomes. Conclusion: Precarious and manual workers should take precedence in occupational health equity policies and interventions. Their cumulative vulnerability, which is connected to demographics, occupational status, adverse work environments, or poor health outcomes, can be improved through a multilevel approach such as labor market, organizations, and individual goals.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a program outcomes assessment system based on Course Embedded Assessment for nursing education. Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the procedures of the developmental research method. Results: The major results are as follows. 1) The program outcomes were measured according to the Analytic Hierarchy Process. 2) The Course Embedded Assessment matrix was made according to program outcomes' weight, the curriculum-organizing principle, and achievement levels. 3) The Course Embedded Assessment rubric was developed in logical process, and consisted of a performance criterion, and rating scale. The content validity index of the Course Embedded Assessment rubric was 0.85. 4) An evaluation guideline and 12 documents were developed to facilitate the performance of the assessment system. 5) The average content validity index of the Course Embedded Assessment-based program outcomes assessment system was as high as 0.89. Conclusion: A Course Embedded Assessment-based program outcomes assessment system is more suitable for accreditation of nursing education than previous studies. Because this system evaluates the process of achievement as well as program outcomes, the results can also serve as immediate feedback to improve the educational process. Above all, this system facilitates that students check their achievements and strive to acquire core competencies in nursing.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.46-57
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• 2008

공학교육인증의 핵심은 "성과중심(outcomes based)" 교육을 바탕으로 지속적 자율 개선 구조를 통하여 졸업생의 능력 및 자질을 향상시키는 것이다. 공학교육 인증기준 중 학습성과의 경우 교육평가, 교육목표, 교육과정과의 관계 속에서 올바르게 이해될 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 프로그램 학습성과 평가방법을 중점적으로 다루었다. 먼저 프로그램 학습성과 평가방법의 일반적인 문제점을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 기술하였다. 또한 프로그램 학습성과 평가체계와 루브릭을 활용한 평가도구의 구체적 실행 방법을 논하였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통하여 수립된 평가도구를 통하여 대학현장에서 학습성과 평가가 실제적으로 운영될 수 있기를 기대한다.