• Clean Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.375-382
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• 2014

This work investigated the plasma-catalytic decomposition of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and the behavior of the byproduct compounds over monolith-supported metal oxide catalysts. Iron oxide ($Fe_2O_3$) or copper oxide (CuO) was loaded on a monolithic porous ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ support, which was placed inside the coaxial electrodes of plasma reactor. The IPA decomposition efficiency itself hardly depended on the presence and type of metal oxides because the rate of plasma-induced decomposition was so fast, but the behavior of byproduct formation was largely affected by them. The concentrations of the unwanted byproducts, including acetone, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, methane, carbon monoxide, etc., were in order of $Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ < $CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ < ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ from low to high. Under the condition (flow rate: $1L\;min^{-1}$; IPA concentration: 5,000 ppm; $O_2$ content: 10%; discharge power: 47 W), the selectivity towards $CO_2$ was about 40, 80 and 95% for ${\alpha}-Al_2O_3$, $CuO/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ and $Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$, respectively, indicating that $Fe_2O_3/{\alpha}-Al_2O_3$ is the most effective for plasma-catalytic oxidation of IPA. Unlike plasma-alone processes in which tar-like products formed from volatile organic compounds are deposited, the present plasma-catalyst hybrid system did not exhibit such a phenomenon, thus retaining the original catalytic activity.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.131-150
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to observe the spread pattern of open source software (OSS) while establishing relations with surrounding actors during its operation period. In order to investigate the change pattern of participants in the OSS, we use a netnography on the basis of online data, which can trace the change patterns of the OSS depending on the passage of time. For this, the cases of three OSSs (e.g. jQuery, MooTools, and YUI), which are JavaScript frameworks, were compared, and the corresponding data were collected from the open application programming interface (API) of GitHub as well as blog and web searches. This research utilizes the translation process of the actor-network theory to categorize the stages of the change patterns on the OSS translation process. In the project commencement stage, we identified the type of three different OSS-related actors and defined associated relationships among them. The period, when a master commences a project at first, is refined through the course for the maintenance of source codes with persons concerned (i.e. project growth stage). Thereafter, the period when the users have gone through the observation and learning period by being exposed to promotion activities and codes usage respectively, and becoming to active participants, is regarded as the 'leap of participants' stage. Our results emphasize the importance of promotion processes in participants' selection of the OSS for participation and confirm the crowding-out effect that the rapid speed of OSS development retarded the emergence of participants.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.133-140
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• 2004

It examines closely the occupation characteristic primary factor which the dentistry hygienic company field which is working to presence at a sickbed is undergoing the degree and from the research which it sees and it grasps the adaptation method against it gropes bitterly with development of the dentistry hygienic company individual to join in, it contributed in dentistry medical treatment service quality improvement and the research which tries to sleep it attempted. Currently the dentistry hygiene which works from Seoul and the condition area subject matter dentist unit, the dentistry hospital and the general hospital dentistry back it did in the object which it will burn. 116 issues which become frequency in question 120 it used SPSS 10.0 and it analyzed. Result of this study is as following. (1) Was expose that stress degree by factor feels about commonness on the whole, and angle prospects and support connection stress at company were the biggest item by item, and appeared as on the other hand relation connection stress with patient is the smallest. (2) Stress that stress degree by each receives in case of there are a lot of other businesses to characteristic businesses except appeared highest. On the other hand, was expose that feel the lowest stress degree an item that other a type of occupation and discord are. (3) 'Do action of that throw goods or closes the door bump' appeared article highest by short term adaptation method about stress, and 'Think and gives up by fate' appeared highest by special skill adaptation method. Short term adaptation method appeared high than special skill adaptation method on the whole but the difference appeared as is very small. (4) Stress degree comparison by general special quality was shown difference that stress by only dental hygiene administration of justice selection motive keeps in mind. (5) All of the result that compare short term, long term adaptation method about stress that feel new dental higienist apple career dental higienist same difference be, but displayed high result in same munhang. (6) Was expose that difference that keep in mind from all arguments in comparison of short term adaptation method by general special quality does not exist, on the other hand, comparison of long-term adaptation method displayed result that religion among only variable keeps in mind statistically.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.528-536
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• 2012

This study has compared the different types of forest fires(unburned, crown fire, ground fire) and the degree of vegetation recovery at Samcheuk-si, Gangwon-do by assessing the biomass and net primary production from July 2007 through July 2010. The research showed that the average biomass of unburned site(Un), crown fire site(C-1), crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2) were $181.20{\pm}5.39$, $62.04{\pm}4.38$, $131.09{\pm}14.38$, $63.39{\pm}2.72ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}$, respectively. And the research showed that the average net primary production of unburned site(Un), crown fire site(C-1), crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2) were $4.17{\pm}0.56$, $3.27{\pm}1.56$, $11.51{\pm}0.53$, $2.10{\pm}0.31ton{\cdot}ha^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, respectively. Quercus mongolica $DH_{10}$(Diameter at the 10cm tree height) growth rate at each plot was compared to the crown fire site(C-1) in the annual average $1.21{\pm}0.55mm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at the speed of the fastest growth follows; showed crown fire site(C-3), ground fire site(G-2), unburned site(Un) appeared in the order. And that showed the growth rate of height was highest in the $15.43{\pm}4.57cm{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ at crown fire site(C-3), then the crown fire site(C-1), and ground fire site(G-2), and lowest in the unburned site(Un).

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.61-83
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the mediating effects of psychological empowerment between participative leadership and creative behavior. Especially, it aims to analyze the unidimension and multidimension of psychological empowerment in an integrated manner, and to suggest effective practice of participative leadership together with theoretical and methodological implications. In this study, the dependent variable was measured separately with time lag as a method to solve the common method bias that can be shown by the self-report type survey method, and positive emotions and negative emotions expressing emotional states in job situations were employed as control variables along with rank. A total of 283 questionnaires were collected from employees who work for companies in various industries with more than 300 domestic employees. SPSS PROCESS macro program('model 4') was used for statistical analysis. Results, First, the full mediation effect of psychological empowerment(unidimension) was confirmed in the relationship between participative leadership and creative behavior. Second, the analysis of the multidimension of psychological empowerment revealed the full mediating effect of meaning, self-determination, and impact, and the mediating effect of competence was not significant. Third, as a result of comparing the mediating effects of unidimension of psychological empowerment and the mediating effects of multidimension, the magnitude of mediating effect of unidimension was found to be much greater than mediating effect of multidimension. And The magnitudes of the three multidimensional mediating effects were similar. This is a case in which the motivational model of participative leadership revealed in the overseas study is proven in the domestic management environment and is significant in that it is the basis of future research. Based on the results of the empirical studies, the implications and limitations of the study and future research directions are presented.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.223-232
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• 2004

The pedestrian space on the roads shows virtually different images, depending on the local uniqueness that exists in the roadsides, to the one walking. This sort of characteristics of the region originated from the physical special structures of the roadside building the form of the place. Thus, because of the structural difference of the roadside, Pedestrian sense the difference of regions through other images. Research focused on issues of the local roadside sidewalk spaces as what roadside structure is the type that brings out the unique images of the region, and what facets are pursued additionally here, is needed. A roadside of a prosperous region filled with many Pedestrians is selected as the range for the experiment in order to analyze the structure and image of the pedestrian space. Among the roads of the selected region, the structure of the pedestrian space on the roads with more than four lanes was evaluated. As result of the analysis, the images of 10 pedestrian space could be classified into two groups by the difference in proportions of the Df/H(the width of the sidewalk and the height of the roadside building) and the D/H(the width of the road and the height of the roadside building). In order to observe the images of the pedestrian space classified into two groups, the adjectives used to describe the image of scenery were researched, enabling one to induce the images of the two groups form them. One of the images is the image of prosperities, and the other is the image of pleasantness. In addition, as result to the evaluation focused on the characteristic of the roadside buildings in the selected area, it could be divided into two groups, i.e., the commercial region and the business region. The image of prosperities was sensed on the sidewalks of the commercial region, while the image of pleasantness was seen on that of the business region. This study enabled the acknowledgment that in a pedestrian space on a road structure with more than four lanes, the Pedestrian sense different images, depending on the proportional difference in the width of the sidewalk & the height of the roadside building, and the width of the road & the height of the roadside building. This result is expected to be a good reference when a road structure reflecting the uniqueness of its region is to be designed, and especially when the structure of a pedestrian space is to be created.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2003

The satellite navigation system is widely used for identifying a user's position regardless of weather or geographic conditions and also make effect on new technology of marine LBS(Location Based Service), which has the technology of geographic information such as the ENC. Generally, there are conceivable systems of marine LBS such as ECDIS, or ECS that use the ENC itself with powerful processor in installed type on ships bridge. Since the ENC is relatively heavy structure with dummy format for data transfer between different systems, we should reduce the ENC to small and compact size in order to use it in mobile platform. In this paper, we assumed that the mobile system like PDA, or Webpad can be used for small capability of mobile platform. However, the ENC should be updated periodically by update profile data produced by HO. If we would reduce the ENC without a consideration of update, we could not get newly updated data furthermore. As summary, we studied considerations for ENC reduction with update capability. It will make the ENC be useful in many mobile platforms for various applications.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.133-148
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• 2014

Recently, with the advent of various information channels, the number of has continued to grow. The main cause of this phenomenon can be found in the significant increase of unstructured data, as the use of smart devices enables users to create data in the form of text, audio, images, and video. In various types of unstructured data, the user's opinion and a variety of information is clearly expressed in text data such as news, reports, papers, and various articles. Thus, active attempts have been made to create new value by analyzing these texts. The representative techniques used in text analysis are text mining and opinion mining. These share certain important characteristics; for example, they not only use text documents as input data, but also use many natural language processing techniques such as filtering and parsing. Therefore, opinion mining is usually recognized as a sub-concept of text mining, or, in many cases, the two terms are used interchangeably in the literature. Suppose that the purpose of a certain classification analysis is to predict a positive or negative opinion contained in some documents. If we focus on the classification process, the analysis can be regarded as a traditional text mining case. However, if we observe that the target of the analysis is a positive or negative opinion, the analysis can be regarded as a typical example of opinion mining. In other words, two methods (i.e., text mining and opinion mining) are available for opinion classification. Thus, in order to distinguish between the two, a precise definition of each method is needed. In this paper, we found that it is very difficult to distinguish between the two methods clearly with respect to the purpose of analysis and the type of results. We conclude that the most definitive criterion to distinguish text mining from opinion mining is whether an analysis utilizes any kind of sentiment lexicon. We first established two prediction models, one based on opinion mining and the other on text mining. Next, we compared the main processes used by the two prediction models. Finally, we compared their prediction accuracy. We then analyzed 2,000 movie reviews. The results revealed that the prediction model based on opinion mining showed higher average prediction accuracy compared to the text mining model. Moreover, in the lift chart generated by the opinion mining based model, the prediction accuracy for the documents with strong certainty was higher than that for the documents with weak certainty. Most of all, opinion mining has a meaningful advantage in that it can reduce learning time dramatically, because a sentiment lexicon generated once can be reused in a similar application domain. Additionally, the classification results can be clearly explained by using a sentiment lexicon. This study has two limitations. First, the results of the experiments cannot be generalized, mainly because the experiment is limited to a small number of movie reviews. Additionally, various parameters in the parsing and filtering steps of the text mining may have affected the accuracy of the prediction models. However, this research contributes a performance and comparison of text mining analysis and opinion mining analysis for opinion classification. In future research, a more precise evaluation of the two methods should be made through intensive experiments.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.227-233
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• 2017

Pig has been known to be one of the most feasible animals as a bioreactor to produce pharmaceuticals in milk and as a mediator in xenotransplantation research. Previously, we generated transgenic pigs for both purposes, which were expressing Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, and hEPO in milk, along with expression of MCP at GalT gene locus ($GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$) as well as expressing MCP at GalT gene loci with CD73 expression ($GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$). In this study, we performed comparative analyses of sperm parameters between wild type male (WT) pig and those transgenic males to examine the effects of transgenes integrated into the pigs on motility, morphology, viability, and acrosome integrity of the spermatozoa. Our results showed that the rates of actively motile spermatozoa of WT, Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, hEPO, $GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$, and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were 85.0%, 83.3%, 82.5%, 83.3%, 82.5%, 77.5%, and 78.7%, respectively. Whereas, the rates of morphologically normal spermatozoa of WT, Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, hEPO, $GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$, and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were 90.0%, 80.0%, 80.0%, 83.3%, 85.0%, 91.8%, and 80.8%, respectively. In addition, the viability in spermatozoa of WT, Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, hEPO, $GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$, and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were 93.9%, 82.4%, 89.9%, 83.9%, 87.4%, 92.8%, and 83.6%, respectively. The rates of spermatozoa with normal acrosome integrity in WT, Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, hEPO, $GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$, and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs were 98.1%, 98.6%, 98.6%, 98.7%, 98.1%, 99.5%, and 95.1%, respectively. There were no significant differences in motility, morphology, viability, and acrosome integrity of the spermatozoa among WT, Factor 8, vWF, hTPA, and hEPO, $GalT^{-MCP/+}/CD73$, and $GalT^{-MCP/-MCP}$ pigs. These mean that neither random integration nor targeted integration of the transgene into chromosome of pig effect on characteristics of spermatozoa. Ultimately, the transgenic male pigs subjected in this study could apply to propagate their progenies for production of human therapeutic proteins and advancing the xenotransplantation research.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.183-192
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• 1982

The variability of rice productivity during last 2 decades (1961-1980) of ten years before and after the introduction of"Tongil" was reviewed from the epochal, regional and varietal points of view. During that period the cultivated area of paddy rice have remained almost unchanged, while the total rice production have got elevated from 3, 463 million metric tons in 1961 to 6.006 million metric tons in 1977, recording 73.4% increase. This remarkable increase in rice production is considered to be attributable much to the development and release of new high yielding variety, "Tongil", coupled with the amelioration of cultural techniques. However, in 1978 Tongil type varieties experienced the epidemic outbreak of blast disease due to the shifted race population of blast fungus and in 1980 recorded poor rice production as low as in 1960's due to the unfavorable weather stress throughout the rice growing season, giving rise to many problems awaiting solutions for securing the stabilized high production of rice. The rice yield has continued the gradual increase during last two decades but its difference between farmer and research organization have got wider from 79kg/10a during 1960 to 1971 to 101kg/l0a during 1972 to 1980, and also the inter-regional differences have been increased from 50-60kg/10a to 80kg/10a during those periods. Therefore, this proves that we have raised the upper boundary of rice yield by increasing the yield potential of rice variety but have not changed those absolute deviations. Estimates indicate that the increased rice production during that period was indebted 40 percent to the varietal improvement and 13 percent to the ameliorated agro-technologies, and the rest, 47 percent, could be ascribed to the other factors besides varieties and cultural technologies such as the improved agricultural environments, etc. Of course, even though it cannot be expected to unify the cultural environments and the cultural technologies, provided that much efforts are to be endeavored to minimize the yield difference of 20 percent between farmer and research organizations and the inter-regional yield difference of 20 percent, much increased rice production can be expected to be achieved with the current level of cultural technology and the yielding potential of the present rice varieties. In order to expedite the above effects on rice production the followings are to be put into practices consitently and steadfastly. 1. Reinforcement of breeding for varieties with high yielding potential and less susceptible to climatic-stress and pests, and of basic physicoecological studies of rice plant for improving the cultural technologies. 2. Continuous endeavor to secure the stabilized cultural environments by improving the soil fertility and increasing the drainage and irrigation facilities. 3. Political back-up to encourage the farmers' incentives for production 4. Precise surveys for agricultural statistics to facilitate the long-term planninge long-term planning.