• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.5-11
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• 2012

The core objective of this research article is to investigate different challenges and opportunities in management as well as start-ups of small businesses in India. The prudence behind this research is to examine various problems in front of the small businesses and to offer vital support and cooperation to overcome those with the support of concerned institutions through consultancy and training programs. The researchers have an intention to make available the research results to the governmental agencies, concerned small business institutions and also to the educational institutions which are continually design plans, programs, policies and strategies to upgrade the managerial and technical dexterities of the small business Indian operators. After thorough revision of relevant literature on small businesses and its management, the researchers used a well structured questionnaire and in-depth personal interviews with 586small business operators selected from manufacturing, trading (retailing and wholesaling), finance, servicing/repair businesses which are located in the coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The researchers have used convenience sampling and collected data was analyzed with the support of Microsoft Excel and frequency distribution. Noticeably, majority of the small businessmen in India are facing myriad number of challenges both in management and at the time of establishment of their business operations. In particular, 72.47 percent of small businesses operators' have substantiated their strong opinion towards the challenges they are facing particularly finance, marketing and other problems while managing their businesses. The researchers also attempted to get the opinions on problems of the various categories of small businesses while starting their operations. A staggering 68percent of respondents identified the problems related to preparation of business plan, location selection, marketing and other problems like lack of proper credit facilities, skilled manpower, and other infra related problems while setting up of their businesses. On an average, 64.62 and 63.51 percent of small businesses are facing various kinds of problems both at the time of day-to-day management as well as start-up of their businesses respectively. The present research confined with the opinions of only four categories of small business operators particularly from the manufacturing, finance, trading (retailing and wholesaling), and servicing/repair which are continuing their business operations from the nine coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh in India. The present study emphatically provides concrete information required to the business community for identifying an assortment of challenges faced by different small business operators in managing and at the time of their inception. This research paper is first of its kind from this part of the world by offering extensive and credible information required for prospective entrepreneurs in facing the dynamic challenges in managing their business. Furthermore, this research presents invaluable inputs to the stakeholders like all types of governments, policy makers, practitioners, researchers, and educators' about the various impediments faced by the small business community in India.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.444-453
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• 2010

The Knowledge and information are rapidly built through networks; and, through this, epochal changes and developments are reoccurring in diverse societal economic cultural ways. Especially, digital-education emerging together with educational environment changes is taking its place as an educational system which will be able to replace traditional education methods by overcoming the limitations of time and space held by present education methods. The role of GUI(Graphic User Interface) design, which adds user cognitive power and convenience as a method of purveying innumerous information, is growing. Consequently in this research, through the analysis of educational contents utilized in public organizations, research is performed regarding an educational content design for a more effective education of learners.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 2018

This study considers the activation of the Asia Pacific Maritime Arbitration Center(APMAC) established for the first time in South Korea. This research investigates the suitability of arbitration for maritime disputes through literature review, as well as the importance and expectations of the establishment of the APMAC. In order to activate the APMAC, maritime arbitration rules must be established. Second, a cooperative body should be established between the courts and related institutions. Third, related institutions need to creat a short term and long term promotion plan. Fourth, the APMAC should appoint professional arbitrators in the maritime field. Fifth, an educational system should be established for new arbitrators. Finally, APMAC should link to universities for research activities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

This study is designed to examine the effects of information source effects of the word mouth have on the formed expectations for the private institution and to explore the formed expectations' effects on the actual sales of the educational service. Moreover, its purpose is in analyzing what medication effects the pre-conceived expectation has on selecting the educational service. After testing hypothesis, the results showed that the source effects of the information from word of mouth had a significant effect on the expectation factors, in terms of expertise, similarity, likability and familiarity expectation factors. However, it was found that effect was not significant for the truthfulness. The significant result was found on the expectation factors before visiting the private institution on selecting educational service, indicating a positive effect. As for the influence of source of the word of mouth information on selecting educational service, the results from the mediation effects of the expectation factors on selecting the educational service showed that for expectation factors, expertise had the partial mediation effect, truthfulness, perfect mediating effect, similarity, partial mediation effect, likability, perfect mediating effect, and familiarity, perfect mediating effect. A test of the mediating role of attribute expectations in the influence of WOM message source attributes on educational services choices showed the following: 1) It was proven that attribute expectations played a partial mediating role in the influence of expertise and similarity, respectively, on educational services choices. 2) On the influence of trustworthiness, likability, and familiarity on educational services choices, respectively, attribute expectations had a full mediation effect. This research differs from the previous ones, which focused only on consumer satisfaction with educational services offered by private educational institutions in that it covers not only the influences of both WOM source attributes and key component factors of educational services on both educational services choices and satisfaction with such services but also the influence of WOM source attributes on attribute expectations prior to the first visit to a particular private educational institutions, and in turn the influence of such attribute expectations on educational services choices. Most particularly, the significance of this study lies in the fact that in an effort to more clearly explain the causal relationship between WOM source effects and educational services choices a test of the mediating role of attribute expectations was conducted. Although the research seems simple, some theoretical implications can be drawn as follows: WOM message source effects on educational services choices were positive and moreover these positive impacts are likely to be reinforced by means of the mediating variable of attribute expectations.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

The Conceiving-Designing-Implementing-Operating (CDIO) initiative is a worldwide organization with members from over 120 institutions for higher education, and it provides an innovative educational framework for producing the next generation of engineers. This paper compares the CDIO standards and syllabus to the accreditation criteria of Accreditation Board for Engineering Education of Korea, ABEEK to identify similarities and differences and to find points of improvement for ABEEK criteria. It is found that the basic concepts of ABEEK criteria correlates well with those of CDIO standards, while the CDIO standards and syllabus provide more detailed and well-defined guidelines for engineering programs. Finally, some discussions are presented on the differences between the two educational models, a voluntary-based CDIO model and an accreditation-based ABEEK model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2009.05b
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• pp.181-184
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• 2009

The technical expert standing system of our construction industry is operated by the Ministry of Labor subjective national technical qualification law, as the professional engineer, architect and architect-engineer and so on. The construction management(CM) which is introduced on middle 1990 activates a building industry the condition of the essential indispensability for is becoming, is not officially recognized with is judged as the nostril people for qualification of the civil CM educational institutions ha the certification which is a each educational program and a separate way and it is the actual condition which is become accomplished, In this research, it observes the capital increase reserve problem point which is a domestic CM and the certification integration which is a report and system anger it leads and with national certified qualification it develops to present the improvement program for, it does to sleep.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.58
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• pp.31-63
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• 2018

The foremost priority for establishing record management of public institutions is strengthening the function and role of the records centers in the institutions and creating the foundation of the organization and personnel for demonstrating professionalism of archivists. However, concept of current records center is not clear and there is no substance of the organization. It also says that once a records manager is deployed, a records center is founded since appointment criteria for archivists is prone to be interpreted subjectively by the institutions. Therefore, it's time for more concrete improvements to resolve these issues. This research analyses some problems found in the system of records centers in the main office and district offices of education focusing on the environment of them. The problems are centers without substance in district offices of education because of the organization structure that all authority has been assembled in the main office, and the reality of records managers who have fallen into records discarders, etc. To solve these problems, this paper proposes changing the appointment criteria for archivists, operating an integrated records center reflecting the intensive working system, and legislating special act on record management of educational institutions.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.157-173
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• 2004

The paper discusses the phenomenon of mathematical giftedness, especially manifested at early stages of life of future outstanding mathematicians, taken in its socio-cultural context. The authors suggest that the images of mathematical giftedness are formed differently in various cultural contexts and thus can imply different settings of the educational institutions that can accordingly ignore, encourage, or restrain the students considered gifted. The paper focuses on the cases of traditional mathematics in several Asian countries (China, Vietnam, and Japan) and of modem mathematics in Soviet Union/Russia in order to provide examples of different patterns of forming the image of mathematical giftedness and of the corresponding educational approaches.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.18-27
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• 2015

2009 As the School District is amended as a metropolitan area public development operators obliged to free supply of school facilities contribute to the streamlining of the provincial education funding, and although institutions shortly became implemented in earnest, the effect has been, despite a number of problems occur. In this study, analysis of these school facilities free of charge supply system on the status and problems through surveys, and suggests directions for future drafting and improving legislation.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.74-77
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• 2010

This article proposes to examine how the study of failure differs from other technical subjects, and how to turn failure experiences to one's advantage. The authors surveyed the properties of failures in PBL (Project Based Learning) and also examined students' interest and understanding of failure, after introducing failure examples. To investigate how students communicate failure experiences to third parties, reports of the failure experience in PBL were evaluated. From above mentioned surveys, we get the following results. The typical causes of failure in educational institutions are lack of skill in manufacturing and inadequate planning, which conversely are minor causes of failure in the industry. A knowledge database on failure, employed commonly in industry, is not effective in PBL, because projects in educational institutes are usually changed every year. Case studies in failure can be approached from many points of view including causes, processes, effects and safety measures. While teachers should emphasize the notable points in the failure examples in introducing examples of specific topics in machine design, teachers should explain the multiple aspects in the failure examples to educate students about the complexity of actual accidents.