• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2004

We have conducted questionnaire and measured serum liver function tests on 153 patients whom have received a treatment at a local Oriental medicine clinic in Seoul from Sept. 1, 2002 to Dec. 31, 2002. Patients were categorized into the groups of control(10), decoction group(41), herbal group(5), western medicine group(45), and the group taking both herbal and western medicines(55) concurrently or separately. This study was conducted to investigate how these treatment methods can affect the liver functions. Following results were obtained : 1) Most of the research subjects were male(l03 individuals) living in large urban area, with drinking habit, highly educated, and with normal marriage. For the treatment history, 45 individuals received western medicine treatment(28.85%), 46 with Oriental medicine (29.49%), and 55 patients(35.26%) experienced both forms of treatment. 2) Measuring SD of serum liver functions for all the research subjects, T-protein was 6.95(0.73)g/dl, 4.07(0.51)g／dl for albumin, 0.44(0.19)mg／dl for T-bilirubin, 23.18(18.68)U／L for ALT, 27.42(27.43)U／L for AST, and 22l.27(64.58)mg／dl for LDH. 3) Among the research subjects with the liver functions outside of normal range were 0.64% for T-protein, 3.21% for T-bilirubin and ALT, 36.62% for AST, 0.64% for LDH, and none for Albumin. 4) Confusion variables which may affect the liver functions such as age, smoking, drinking, occupation, and residence were eliminated in calculation and no significant differences were witnessed between the control and experiment groups. 5) In measuring affects of treatment duration on the liver functions, no statistical significances were shown in multiple regression's ,${\beta}$(SE) values. 6) The values of odd ratio in the experiment groups compared to the control were in the range of $0.26(0.22){\sim}0.62(1.23)$. but T-bilirubin of the group receiving both Oriental and western medicine was 1.47(1.90) which showed statistical increase(p<0.001). 7) Factors affecting the liver functions are drinking volume per round duration of alcohol intake, western medicine treatment, gender, and age difference caused significant influences. 8) 57 individuals with serum liver functions out of normal range were mostly male, living in large urban area, median age of 38.89, with normal marriage, highly educated drinking less than once a week with less than 2 bottles per round, and with prior treatment in either western or Oriental medicine. Summarizing above results, we can carefully deduce that taking herbal medicine (both decoction and pills) or western medicine doesn't cause much affect in the liver functions. But taking two forms of medication simultaneously or altering dosage affect significant increase in the T-bilirubin level, thus one needs to take precaution when taking both. Further research is needed in this field to verify this evidence.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.283-295
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• 2009

This research covers the ways in which typography, which has been expressed in a diverse range of fields and changed communication functions from the era of reading to the era of feeling according to the change in the times and social demands, has been represented in modem fashion, along with examining its inherent aesthetic characteristics. I reviewed the general information of typography's fundamental notions and functions through documented records, and analyzed the inherent aesthetic characteristics by examining the typographical patterns shown in modem fashion based on art works in domestic and international collections after 2000. The result of this research is that typography in modem fashion has been used for improving brand image, expressing social slogans, expressing images, linguistic function for playful expression and the interdependent relationships of modeling functions. Typography in modem fashion has always been diversely expressed harmoniously with linguistic and modeling functions. Through this, the aesthetic characteristics were firstly parodies through direct sentences addressing political and social ideologies, economic gaps, environmental issues and anti-war protests. Secondly, by using brand logos, typography was used as a commercial means like brand-image transfer and separation through customization of other brands. Thirdly, the aesthetic and artistic value of fashion were expressed after being used as experimental visual components like image, motive and patterns which are all elements of fashion design. Fourthly, by distortion and transformation of characters or childish decorations, along with the harmonization of words, cathartic humor was provided for the calloused senses of modern people.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2009.07a
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• pp.1156_1158
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• 2009

A train control system(TCS) becomes a large scale and complex as other computer based control systems. So, it is necessary to manage rigorously system requirements specification of the train control system at the early phase. This paper describes Use Cases and activity diagrams of the TCS functions requirements of TCS. Basic functions of the train control system suggested refer to IEC62290-1. And the basic functions includes train operation without a driver.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.85-92
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• 2020

This paper analyzes the design and usability of maternal notebook mobile application and suggests the improvement direction of the application. The researcher compared and analyzed the functions of maternal notebook applications, conducted user interviews and expert evaluations. The conclusions of this study are the use of appropriate information volume, proportional screen division focusing on main functions, the use of GNB format of main menus, the prohibition of double menu configuration, the use of color consistent with the image of the service, the use of few font sizes, the use of appropriate colors in typography, the use of rich icons with uniform design, card format, list format, but also timeline and infographic forms that make rich user interface design. Maternal notebook application research is expected to be an important reference for research on similar mobile applications with complex functions such as information provision, user history, and community, along with improved research in healthcare design.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.171-174
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• 2007

The COMS flight software is implemented by ADA language and the high level application program language (APL). The APL is used to implement the Interpreted Program (IP) functions which are running on the processor. The IP functions have been developed for the payload management and monitoring with the automatic on-board operational procedure. The IP allows an easier re-programming if necessary. The ground can load or unload IP separately from ADA code in the RAM flight software. The uploaded IP is interpreted and executed by the Interpreted Program Environment (IPE) which is one of the functions implemented in the RAM flight software. In this paper, we introduce the IP and IPE function.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.596-604
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• 2021

Different lifestyles have an impact on useful metabolic functions, causing disorders. Different lipids are involved in the metabolic functions that play various vital roles in the body, such as structural components, storage of energy, in signaling, as biomarkers, in energy metabolism, and as hormones. Inter-related disorders are caused when these functions are affected, like diabetes, cancer, infections, and inflammatory and neurodegenerative conditions in humans. During the Covid-19 period, there has been a lot of focus on the effects of metabolic disorders all over the world. Hence, this review collectively reports on research concerning metabolic disorders, mainly cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus. In addition, drug research in lipid metabolism disorders have also been considered. This review explores lipids, metabolism, lipid metabolism disorders, and drugs used for these disorders.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.46.1-46.13
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• 2020

Neutrophils are innate immune cells that constitute the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Due to this characteristic, they are exposed to diverse immunological environments wherein sources for nutrients are often limited. Recent advances in the field of immunometabolism revealed that neutrophils utilize diverse metabolic pathways in response to immunological challenges. In particular, neutrophils adopt specific metabolic pathways for modulating their effector functions in contrast to other immune cells, which undergo metabolic reprogramming to ensure differentiation into distinct cell subtypes. Therefore, neutrophils utilize different metabolic pathways not only to fulfill their energy requirements, but also to support specialized effector functions, such as neutrophil extracellular trap formation, ROS generation, chemotaxis, and degranulation. In this review, we discuss the basic metabolic pathways used by neutrophils and how these metabolic alterations play a critical role in their effector functions.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.125-135
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• 2016

Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacteria that is responsible for gastritis in human. Its spiral flagellated body helps in locomotion and colonization in the host environment. It is capable of living in the highly acidic environment of the stomach with the help of acid adaptive genes. The genome of H. pylori 26695 strain contains 1,555 coding genes that encode 1,445 proteins. Out of these, 340 proteins are characterized as hypothetical proteins (HP). This study involves extensive analysis of the HPs using an established pipeline which comprises various bioinformatics tools and databases to find out probable functions of the HPs and identification of virulence factors. After extensive analysis of all the 340 HPs, we found that 104 HPs are showing characteristic similarities with the proteins with known functions. Thus, on the basis of such similarities, we assigned probable functions to 104 HPs with high confidence and precision. All the predicted HPs contain representative members of diverse functional classes of proteins such as enzymes, transporters, binding proteins, regulatory proteins, proteins involved in cellular processes and other proteins with miscellaneous functions. Therefore, we classified 104 HPs into aforementioned functional groups. During the virulence factors analysis of the HPs, we found 11 HPs are showing significant virulence. The identification of virulence proteins with the help their predicted functions may pave the way for drug target estimation and development of effective drug to counter the activity of that protein.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.987-994
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• 2011

From the point view of credit evaluation whose population is divided into the default and non-default state, two methods are considered to estimate conditional distribution functions: one is to estimate under the assumption that the data is followed the mixture normal distribution and the other is to use the kernel density estimation. The parameters of normal mixture are estimated using the EM algorithm. For the kernel density estimation, five kinds of well known kernel functions and four kinds of the bandwidths are explored. In addition, the corresponding ROC functions are obtained based on the estimated distribution functions. The goodness-of-fit of the estimated distribution functions are discussed and the performance of the ROC functions are compared. In this work, it is found that the kernel distribution functions shows better fit, and the ROC function obtained under the assumption of normal mixture shows better performance.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-23
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• 2014

Nowadays, smartphones have become a portable multimedia computer because of a variety of useful applications in our daily lives, which can be downloaded and installed easily in smartphones. Despite of the fact that, however in the IS literature there has been little research on smartphone applications' user interface design. Specifically, there has been little understanding about smartphone users' cognitive functions as a mediating variable in the relationship between the user interface design of smartphone applications and users' work performance with the applications. Thus, the research aims of this study are to examine 1) the effects of the user interface design attributes including simplicity, consistency, and metaphor on the compliance with or the extension of users' mental models representing users' cognitive functions, and 2) the effects of the users' cognitive functions on their work performance with the applications. A survey was conducted and Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results of this study showed that two of the user interface design attributes, simplicity and consistency, strongly affected users' cognitive functions. In addition, users' cognitive functions significantly influenced users' work performance. However, there was no relationship between the metaphors in the user interfaces of smartphone applications and the compliance with users' mental model. This study contributed theoretically not only to explore users' mental models that are rarely investigated in the IS field, but also to add some findings related to users' cognitive functions to the IS literature. This study also can help practitioners to develop more user friendly user interfaces of smartphone applications by suggesting the design attributes, such as simplicity, consistency, and metaphor.