• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.881-887
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• 2009

Forty-four eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-producing microbial strains were isolated from the intestines of marine fishes. Among them, one strain showing a maximum level of EPA (4.78% of total fatty acids) was identified as Shewanella sp. BR-2 on the basis of its 168 rRNA sequence. The EPA content reached a maximum level during the mid-exponential phase of cell growth, and gradually decreased with further growth of the cells. A cosmid DNA including the EPA biosynthesis gene cluster consisting of pfaA-E was isolated from a cosmid library of genomic DNA of Shewanella sp. BR-2, named pCosEPA-BR2. An E. coli clone harboring pCosEPA-BR2 produced EPA at a maximum level of 7.5% of total fatty acids, confirming the EPA biosynthesis activity of the cloned gene cluster.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-170
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• 2014

This study investigates the main characteristics of Chinese automobile industry based on the technology learning, architecture theory and cluster. As a case study sample, we chose three most representative automobile firms from three main cities in China, FAW from northern part of China, SAIC from middle part of China, and BYD from southern part of China. According to the research findings, FAW has equipped self-production ability in virtue of political support but felled behind in future transportation due to lack of convergence with local cluster. In case of SAIS, similar phenomenon happened in spite of highest purchasing power of shanghai. BYD has achieved great quantum jump through the aggressive investment strategy in electric vehicle even though there are still many technological learning and experience to be cumulated. Overall, this research extends the current literature on key roles (technological learning, architecture, and cluster features) in the automobile industry growth by suggesting their crucial aspects in knowledge management and strategic planning to a newly emerging market, China, and sheds light on the relationship between regional characteristics and automobile growth.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.1 no.1 s.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2005

With the recent advances in Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) technology, low cost and low power consumption wireless micro sensor nodes have become available. However, energy-efficient routing is one of the most important key technologies in wireless sensor networks as sensor nodes are highly energy-constrained. Therefore, many researchers have proposed routing protocols for sensor networks, especially cluster-based routing protocols, which have many advantages such as reduced control messages, bandwidth re-usability, and improved power control. Some protocols use information on the locations of sensor nodes to construct clusters efficiently. However, it is rare that all sensor nodes know their positions. In this article, we propose another cluster-based routing protocol for sensor networks. This protocol does not use information concerning the locations of sensor nodes, but uses the remaining energy of sensor networks and the desirable number of cluster heads according to the circumstances of the sensor networks. From performance simulation, we found that the proposed protocol shows better performance than the low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (LEACH).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.115-123
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• 2008

The purpose of this research is how to build the film industry cluster compare with the policies of metropolitan areas and local film industry. This research select four areas including Seoul and Kyunggi areas and Busan, Jeonju. And through the compare with the film industry infra & policies which results in as follows. This research suggest that film industry cluster devided into the two types. The one is the Film Industry Cluster Type and the other is Film Connected Tourism Business Cluster Type. Film Industry Cluster Type is devided into international competitive cities and domestic film industry cities. We suggest that Seoul, Kyunggi and Busan areas are designated to international competitive cities and Jeonju and Daejeon areas are designated to domestical cities. And the kwangwon, Chungcheng, Cheju Areas designated to Film Connected Tourism Business Cluster for location and open set business to improve the local development.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.17-27
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• 2018

Purpose - As Korea is reaching a post-aged society, the number of chronic illness is increasing, and the demand for rehabilitation medical device is growing. Although there is high potential for the growth in rehabilitation industry, because most of the related companies in Korea are relatively small, lacking capital or R&D resource, it is difficult for them to create an innovative product, and currently most of the high-tech equipments are imported. Therefore a medical device cluster, where business, research, medical institutes and universities may work cooperatively to enhance research development and solve issues is necessary for future development. Research design, data, methodology - In this method we have done a literature review of the rehabilitation industry and industrial cluster. Based on the studies, we have conducted an exploratory factor analysis by studying examples of foreign and domestic medical clusters and drawing success factors in forming a medical cluster. Next based on the studies we have conducted a survey to domestic medical device companies to find their difficulties and needs to form a successful medical device cluster. Results - This paper provides both theoretic review on success factors of forming a medical device cluster and practical analysis using case study and survey. Conclusion - The significance of this paper is that based on the literature review, we have compared actual examples of domestic/foreign medical clusters and drawn difference and coincidence between literature and actual cluster success factor. We were also able to conduct a survey on actual medical device companies and through the results we were able to search difficulties and necessities of medical device companies.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.1197-1211
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• 2023

Objectives: This study presents evidence by analyzing the research trends in acupuncture treatment for cluster headache in the last 10 years. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about acupuncture for cluster headache were searched from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System, ScienceON, Korean Studies Information Service System, and Research Information Sharing Service. The search terms were the combinations of "cluster headache", "acupuncture", and "needle therapy", and the articles were restricted to those published between 2013 and 2023. Only RCTs were selected. The risk of bias (RoB) was assessed according to the revised Cochrane RoB2 criteria. Results: Six RCTs were selected and analyzed in this review. All selected studies were conducted in China. All RCTs comprised 628 participants. Manual acupuncture was used in all studies. Acupuncture targeting the sphenopalatine ganglion was performed in two papers published after 2020. ST8, Ex-HIN3, and GB14 were the most frequently used acupoints in acupuncture treatment. The most commonly used indicators for evaluation were headache attack frequency, clinical efficacy, and the visual analog scale. In each study, adding acupuncture treatment to conventional therapy had significant effects in relieving the symptoms of cluster headaches. Conclusion: The results suggest that acupuncture is an effective treatment for cluster headache. To ensure objective evidence for the effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in cluster headache, it is important to continue large-scale case reports and RCTs.

• Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.39-60
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• 2003

In this study, we evaluate financial performance of 21 domestic life insurers using SAW (simple additive weighting), ELECTREII, cluster analysis respectively, and suggest a hybrid approach of combining cluster analysis and ELECTREII to reclassify the life insurers into more meaningful groups according to their respective financial features. We also perform the sensitivity analysis employing ANOVA and Tukey's test to examine the robustness of ELECTREII, which would be influenced by decision maker's subjective preference parameters. Consequently, it is shown that ELECTREII turns out to be a flexible method providing decision makers with useful ranking Information especially under fuzzy decision making situation with incomparable alternatives, and hence it can serve as a complementary method to overcome the weakness of classical cluster analysis.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.167-188
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• 2002

Summary: This paper analyzes Indian software industry in the perspective of innovation cluster. The research shows that the software industry has been following an upstream clustering process, where the major value activity is expanding from low value product/services to high value product/services. The growth of software industry could be successful because there was appropriate initial condition of Bangalore, such as the availability of high qualified human resources, excellent research institutes, small high-tech companies. The role of government was helpful for the late growth of software industry but not a critical factor for the initial development of the S/W cluster. It is suggested that government should consider the initial condition of a concerned location critically to implement a cluster-type innovation policy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.241-244
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• 2003

Root cluster section culture, showing high efficient Protocorm-like body (PLB) formation capacity, were established in Doritaenopsis hybrids. Three types of root were obtained from excised shoots in 1/2MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA; \circled1normal roots, \circled2multiple roots and \circled3abnormal root clusters. Those were placed on 1/2MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L thidiazuron for PLB regeneration. PLB regeneration rate was greater in root cluster section cultures (77.8%) compare to normal root tip cultures(30%). Number of PLBs regenerated from root cluster sections were counted over 11 per explant (5.3 per normal root tip).High frequency of PLB regeneration was achieved in root cluster section culture. This result can be used as an efficient method for clonal proliferation of Doritaenopsis hybrids.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.84-84
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• 2019

본 연구는 전국 임의의 산양삼 재배지를 선정하여 재배지 내의 토양 특성 및 토양세균군집을 분석하고, 토양 특성, 세균군집 및 산양삼 생육특성 간의 상관관계를 구명하기 위하여 수행되었다. 토양 이화학성 분석은 농촌진흥청의 종합분석실 매뉴얼에 따라 분석하였고, 토양세균군집 분석은 pyrosequencing analysis (Illumina platform)를 이용하였다. 토양세균군집과 생육특성 간의 상관관계는 Spearman's rank correlation을 이용하여 분석하였다. 전국 8개 산양삼 재배지로부터 분리한 토양세균군집은 2개의 cluster로 군집화를 이루는 것을 확인하였다. 모든 토양 샘플에서 Proteobacteria와 Alphaproteobacteria가 각각 평균 상대적 빈도수가 35.4%, 24.4%로 우점종으로 나타났다. 나타났다. 두 개의 cluster 간 토양세균군집의 상대적 빈도수를 비교 분석한 결과, 먼저 Proteobacteria (p = 0.03), Actinobacteria (p = 0.02), Ahlpaproteobacteria (p = 0.029), Betaproteobacteria (p = 0.021)는 cluster 1에서 cluster 2에 비해 상대적 빈도수가 유의적으로 높았고, Fimicutes (p = 0.004), Cyanobacteria (p = 0.004), Acidobacteriia (p = 0.041), Ktedonobacteria (p = 0.019), Gammaproteobacteria (p = 0.034), Bacilli (p = 0.009)은 cluster 2에서 유의적으로 상대적 빈도수가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 토양세균군집 cluster 간 산양삼의 생육특성을 비교 분석한 결과, cluster 2 재배지에서 수집한 산양삼 시료의 지하부 생중량은 cluster 1 재배지에서 수집한 산양삼 시료에 비해 cluster 2에서 유의적 (p = 0.04)으로 높았다. 산양삼 생육특성과 토양세균군집 간의 상관관계를 분석한 결과, 산양삼의 생육은 토양 pH가 낮고 Acidobacteria의 상대적 빈도수가 높은 토양에서 증가하였으며, Acidobacteriia와 Koribacteraceae의 상대적 빈도수는 산양삼의 생육과 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과는 토양미생물군집과 산양삼 생육 간의 상관관계를 구명하는 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 생각되고, 나아가 산양삼 재배적지를 선정하는데 있어 보다 명확한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.