• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.634-646
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• 2009

This paper critically examines cluster dynamics and development in a multi-scalar approach, criticizing both the argument overemphasizing local networks and endogenous development for regional development and the contention highlighting global networks and the role of global players. We argue that state policies, exogenous and direct, play a significant part in cluster dynamics and development especially in the case of Korea where the state government's strong policies have led to rapid industrialization. We analyze multi-scalar factors, especially the government policies at a national level, in the development paths of the three cases including Ulsan automobile cluster, Daedeok research cluster, and Dongdaemun fashion cluster.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 2002

This experiment was conducted to micropropagate bulblets via shoot cluster formation and massproduce normal bulblets from the sections of proliferated shoot clusters in Lilium asiatic hybrid 'Hae Hwa'. The induction of shoot clusters from the culture of bulblet sections was more effective than that of bulb scales on MS medium with 1.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA. Proliferation of shoot clusters from the formed shoot cluster sections was the most favorable on medium containing 5.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA. The formation and the growth of bulblets from shoot cluster sections were achieved effectively on medium with 60∼90 g/L sucrose. The leaves derived from shoot clusters grew vigorously but the bulblets from shoot clusters grew very poor in 5L air-lift bioreactor culture. By the addition of 30 mL fresh liquid medium containing doulble strength MS salts, 250 g/L sucrose and 5 g/L activated charcoal after 8 weeks in the shoot cluster culture on MS medium with 5.0 mg/L BA and 0.5 mg/L IAA, the number of bulblets was increased in light condition, but the growth of bulblets was not affected by light. Bulblet production was possible with the bulblet product at 53 to 68 mg in fresh weight by liquid medium addition after the proliferation of shoot cluster.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.10a
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• pp.355-357
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• 2016

Korea Information Security Industry growth rate (7.1%) declined compared to the previous three years growth (15%). The government has announced a 2020 K-ICT security. According to the policy of promoting the competitiveness of industry consolidation and data protection enable entrepreneurship, job creation, there is a need for the ICT industry in conjunction with cyber security cluster composition. In this paper, I research for cybersecurity cluster. Investigate a successful cyber clusters of foreign and analyzed. In addition, I analysis of existing cluster in the domestic and identify the problem. Consequently, building a cyber-research cluster and the expected effects of cyber-research and on how to operate the cluster.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.603-617
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• 2018

This study analyzed research trends in the field of Practical Arts (Technology & Home Economics) education. From 958 articles published between 2010 and 2018 in the Journal of Korean Practical Arts Education (JKPAE), Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association (JHEEA), and Korean Journal of Technology Education Association (KJTEA), 958 keywords were extracted and analyzed using NetMiner 4. When the general network structure was analyzed, keywords such as practical arts education, curriculum, textbook, home economics education, and students were high in the degree centrality and closeness centrality, and textbook, practical arts education, curriculum, student, home economics education, and invention were high in the node betweenness centrality. The cluster analysis showed that a four-cluster solution was most appropriate: cluster 1, technology and experiential learning activities; cluster 2, curriculum studies and practical problem; cluster 3, relationships; and cluster 4, creativity and character education. The three journals showed differences in the knowledge network structure: The topics of JKPAE and JKHEEA focused on general content knowledge and curriculum, while the topics of KJTEA were spread across invention and creativity education, and curriculum studies.

• Atmosphere
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2007

In order to investigate the impacts of heat wave on human health, cluster analysis of meteorological elements (e.g., temperature, dewpoint, sea level pressure, visibility, cloud amount, and wind components) for identifying offensive synoptic air masses is employed. Meteorological data at Seoul during the past 30 years are used. The daily death data at Seoul are also employed. Occurrence frequency of heat waves which is defined by daily maximum temperature greater than the threshold temperature (i.e., $31.2^{\circ}C$) was analyzed. The result shows that the frequency and duration of heat waves at Seoul are increasing during the past 30 years. In addition, the increasing trend of the frequency and duration clearly appears in late spring and early autumn as well as summer. Factor analysis shows that 65.1% of the total variance can be explained by 4 components which are linearly independent. Eight clusters (or synoptic air masses) were classified and found to be optimal for representing the summertime air masses at Seoul, Korea. The results exhibit that cluster-mean values of meteorological variables of an offensive air mass (or cluster) are closely correlated with the observed and standardized deaths.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.298-309
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• 2012

This paper studies the characteristics of the network of the Zhongguancun Cluster, the most representative innovative cluster of the high-tech industry in China at present. For this study, Zhongguancun Cluster was the first high-tech cluster created in China in 1988, the current Zhongguancun Cluster plays a leading role in the development of the high-tech industry in China. In addition, the Zhongguancun Cluster has attracted global attention and helped elevate China as a key region in terms of research development in relation to the high-tech industry. With regard to the spatial characteristics of the network belonging to the companies in Zhongguancun Cluster, purchase and producer services and information and R&D network have a strong tendency to be local, while on the other hand the product sales network has a strong tendency to be non-local. It is because the political support supplied by the government, institutional base that provides high-tech companies, producer services and information regarding producer services is relatively well prepared and managed in Zhongguancun Cluster. The spatial characteristics of the R&D network have a very strong local character is due to the location of the Zhongguancun Cluster where companies, universities and research centers with outstanding research development capacity as well as various support organizations for technology innovation within the cluster are included. On the other hand, because the high-tech products produced in this area are sold all across China as well as in foreign countries, the product sales network has a strong non-local character. Strengthening the local network in terms of the main agents of the cluster is the most important aspect in order to develop a certain industrial cluster into an innovative cluster. In this respect, if the Zhongguancun Cluster is seen from the perspective of a network, it has a basic network foundation. However, to strengthen international competitiveness, not only the local network but also the international network should be strengthened.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2018

To understand the assembly of the galaxy population in clusters today, it is important to first understand preprocessing, the impact of environments prior to cluster infall. We use 15 cluster samples from YZiCS, a hydrodynamic cluster zoom-in simulation to determine the significance of preprocessing, and focus on the tidal mass loss of dark matter halos. We find ~48% of the cluster member halos were once satellites of another host. The preprocessed fraction depends on each cluster's recent mass growth history. Also, we find that the total mass loss is a clear function of the time spent in a host. However, two factors can increase the mass loss rate considerably. First, if the satellite mass is approaching the mass of its host. Second, when the halo suffers tidal mass loss at a higher redshift. Being in hosts before cluster infall enables halos to experience tidal mass loss for an extended period of time.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-36
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• 2006

• Atmosphere
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

Today, the outreach of National Meteorological Service such as PC cluster based Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) technique is vigorous in the world wide. In this regard, WMO (World Meteorological Organization) asked KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration) to formulate a regional project, which cover most of RA II members, using similar technical system with KMA's. In that sense, Meteorological Research Institute (METRI) in KMA developed Mongolian NWP System (MNWPS) based on PC cluster and transferred the technology to Weather Service Center in Mongolia. The hybrid parallel algorithm and channel bonding technique were adopted to cut cost and showed 41% faster performance than single MPI (Message Passing Interface) approach. The cluster technique of Beowulf type was also adopted for convenient management and saving resources. The Linux based free operating system provide very cost effective solution for operating multi-nodes. Additionally, the GNU software provide many tools, utilities and applications for construction and management of a cluster. A flash flood event happened in Mongolia (2 September 2003) was selected for test run, and MNWPS successfully simulated the event with initial and boundary condition from Global Data Assimilation and Prediction System (GDAPS) of KMA. Now, the cluster based NWP System in Mongolia has been operated for local prediction around the region and provided various auxiliary charts.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.67-74
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• 2016

Purpose - In this paper, the degree of similarity and dissimilarity between pairs of 50 major cities in China can be shown on the basis of three evaluation variables(internet businessman index, internet shopping index and e-commerce development index). Dissimilarity distance matrix is used to analyze both similarity and dissimilarity between each fifty city in China by calculating dissimilarity as distance. Higher value signifies higher degree of dissimilarity between two cities. Cluster analysis is exploited to classify 50 cities into a number of different groups such that similar cities are placed in the same group. In addition, multidimensional scaling(MDS) technique can obtain visual representation for exploring the pattern of proximities among 50 major cities in China based on three development performance attributes. Research design, data, and methodology - This research is performed by the 2013 report provided with AliResearch in China(1/1/2013~11/30/2013) and utilized multivariate methods such as dissimilarity distance matrix, cluster analysis and MDS by using CLUSTER, KMEANS, PROXIMITIES and ALSCAL procedures in SPSS 21.0. Results - This research applies two types of cluster analysis and MDS on three development performances based on the 2013 report of Aliresearch. As a result, it is confirmed that grouping is possible by categorizing the types into four clusters which share similar characteristics. MDS is exploited to carry out positioning of both grouped locations of cluster and 50 major cities belonging to each cluster. Since all the values corresponding to Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Hangzhou(which belong to cluster 1 among 50 major cities) are very large, these cities are superior to other cities in all three evaluation attributes. Twelve cities(Beijing, ShangHai, Jinghua, ZhuHai, XiaMen, SuZhou, NanJing, DongWan, ZhangShan, JiaXing, NingBo and FoShan), which belong to cluster 3, are inferior to those of cluster 1 in terms of all three attributes, but they can be expected to be the next e-commerce revolution. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three attributes, so that this automatically evokes creative innovation, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. In terms of internet businessman index, on the other hand, Tainan, Taizhong, and Gaoxiong(which belong to cluster 2) are situated superior to others. However, these three cities are inferior to others in an internet shopping index sense. The rest of major cities, in particular, which belong to cluster 4 are relatively inferior in all three evaluation attributes, so that this automatically evokes innovation and entrepreneurship, which leads to e-commerce development as a whole in China. Conclusions - This study suggests the implications to help e-governmental officers and companies make strategies in both Korea and China. This is expected to give some useful information in understanding the recent situation of e-commerce in China, by looking over development performances of 50 major cities. Therefore, we should develop marketing, branding and communication relevant to online Chinese consumers. One of these efforts will be incentives like loyalty points and coupons that can encourage consumers and building in-house logistics networks.