• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1987

The fracture toughness of SA 533 Grade B Class 1 steel has been studied with the Charpy impact test specimens in a range of temperature between -4$0^{\circ}C$ and 288$^{\circ}C$. The dynamic fracture toughness is measured by the instrumented precracked Charpy impact test while the static fracture toughness is by the 3-point bend test based on the unloading compliance method. The results are compared with the data obtained from the large specimens. It is known through the studies that temperature dependence of the appropriate (a low bound) value of the fracture toughness can be estimated by taking the static fracture toughness above the transition temperature and the dynamic fracture toughness below the temperature and it is also shown that the tests are satisfied with the requirements of ASTM E 813 when the side-groove is more than 14%.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.426-433
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• 2017

This paper describes the development process, the innovative techniques used and insights gained from the latest integrated, full scope, multistate Level 2 PSA analysis conducted at the Leibstadt Nuclear Power Plant (KKL), Switzerland. KKL is a modern single-unit General Electric Boiling Water Reactor (BWR/6) with Mark III Containment, and a power output of $3600MW_{th}/1200MW_e$, the highest among the five operating reactors in Switzerland. A Level 2 Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) analyses accident phenomena in nuclear power plants, identifies ways in which radioactive releases from plants can occur and estimates release pathways, magnitude and frequency. This paper attempts to give an overview of the advanced modeling techniques that have been developed and implemented for the recent KKL Level 2 PSA update, with the aim of systematizing the analysis and modeling processes, as well as complying with the relatively prescriptive Swiss requirements for PSA. The analysis provides significant insights into the absolute and relative importances of risk contributors and accident prevention and mitigation measures. Thanks to several newly developed techniques and an integrated approach, the KKL Level 2 PSA report exhibits a high degree of reviewability and maintainability, and transparently highlights the most important risk contributors to Large Early Release Frequency (LERF) with respect to initiating events, components, operator actions or seismic component failure probabilities (fragilities).

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.157-177
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• 2005

In many countries, a Single Window system for simplifications is establishing in order to reduce works submitted double data and compliance costs. A Single Window is defined as a facility that allows parties involved in trade and transport to lodge standardized information and documents with a single entry point to fulfil all import, export, and transit-related regulatory requirements. A Single window can bring improved level of security, faster clearance and reduced compliance costs. UN/CEFACT released "Recommendation and Guidelines on establishing a Single Window to enhance the efficient exchange of information between trade and government". Also, WCO has made progress several projects to assist effective establishing a single window, i.e. CDM, UCR, ICT. Korea has being established a single window system, "e-trade platform" connected with trade, clearance, logistics, marketing and payment system. Some suggestions to establish a effective single window system in Korea are as follows. Firstly, it is necessary to clearly define roles and responsibilities of a lead agency in a single window system and form a organic relationship with PGA. Secondly, a single window system has to be progressed by stages, namely, customs clearance portal system should be established first, and later established e-trade platform. Lastly, the Korean government has to take part in CDM project to gain an advantage over other countries.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-14
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• 2016

The usage of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in building projects has enabled improvement in project planning, implementation and collaboration process amongst various stakeholders within architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. However, variations exist in the current practices of BIM implementation and coordination process in the industry. These variations result in inconsistent degree of BIM use across the construction industry. This inconsistency gives rise to several managerial and technological challenges such as data interoperability issues and purposeful integration and exchange of information within the BIM components. In order to tackle the issue, it is essential to analyse the different BIM approaches employed by the industry practitioners. BIM guidelines serve as a critical link between the BIM model, and its subsequent execution. They therefore provide the best reflection of BIM application and processes. This research paper aims to address the variations existing in BIM practices across the construction industry. It includes an extensive study of 21 existing, publicly available BIM-based guidelines in order to establish an understanding of the present state of practice and deduce issues and concerns related to them. All guidelines analysed in this paper are first categorised based on authorship and the release date for efficient comparison. The points of similarity and difference between them are thereby realized and outlined. In addition, the transition of project implementation process from traditional methods to BIM technology is also explained. The existence of inconsistencies in the BIM guidelines reviewed in this paper reflects the need of a BIM 'Code Compliance Check'. The Code Compliance Check will serve as a regulatory project guideline that will further improve the potential of BIM by incorporating a consistent BIM modelling methodology for the entire construction industry.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.41-58
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• 2003

A recent trend of global shipping industry adopting Port State Control (PSC) system is recognized as a proficient mechanism in preventing costal traffic accident and protecting marine environment. Disadvantages of Korean shipping companies in PSC inspection are unavoidable as Tokyo MOU imposed priority listed flag to Korea. Having stated above, appropriate research and prompt preparation in compliance with current PSC requirements for the Korean shipping companies have become an immediate need. The objectives of this study are : First, to review in understanding of PSC in overall and foundation of enforcement. Second. to study interaction of international treaties regarding PSC. Third, to compare practical compliance among the countries and to open up a case study on Korean shipping companies in adopting PSC. Last, to suggest direction to the Korean shipping companies the most proficient way in compliance with the current Tokyo MOU requirement. Korean flagged vessels have become prioritized target in PSC inspection as Tokyo MOU imposed priority listed flag to Korea due to high detention rate of its fleet. Disadvantage of a priority listed flag is a burden in its proficient fleet operation. This study suggests solutions to the disadvantages as below. : 1) Change shore management system, and provide continuous & quality education to crew members 2) Form a network in sharing PSC information among the Korean shipping companies 3) Form a centralized function in which government, Korean Shipping register and shipowners can treat problems in a prompt manner.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2003

A recent trend of global shipping industry adopting Port State Control (PSC) system is recognized as a proficient mechanism in preventing maritime accident and protecting marine environment. Disadvantages of Korean shipping companies in PSC inspection are unavoidable as Tokyo MOU imposed priority listed flag to Korea Having stated above, appropriate research and prompt preparation in compliance with current PSC requirements for the Korean shipping companies have become an immediate need The objectives of this study are: First, to review in understanding of PSC in overall and foundation of enforcement. Second, to study interaction of international treaties regarding PSC. Third, to compare practical compliance among the countries and to open up a case study on Korean shipping companies in adopting PSC Last, to suggest direction to the Korea shipping companies the most proficient way in compliance with the current Tokyo MOU requirement.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.11
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• pp.218-226
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the level and influence factors of social safety perception of middle-aged and older adults with disabilities. The subjects of the survey were older than 50 with disabilities who responded to the 2018 Social Survey. The results analyzed by Hierarchical regression analyzes showed that factors such as gender, age, place of residence, education level, subjective health status, risk response level, compliance level of others, and compliance with public order had a significant effect on the social safety perception level. Through this study, we could know the importance of personal requirements and social capital for social safety perception of middle-aged and older people with disabilities. In the future, the differences in safety perception by type of disability should be studied too.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2017

During the past several years the ROK military has made an effort to build LVC synthetic battlefield that reflects the real world environment. In spite of its efforts, little has been accomplished. The disappointing achievement is mainly due to the lack of operational requirements and concepts, and policies or systematic approaches on the architecture and technology. Furthermore, there is insufficient understanding on the basic concepts and principles, and conflicting interests between organizations. In this study, I propose to construct an LVC based on the HLA that focuses on the system view and technical standard view, rather than the operational view. The proposed approach employs the information centric integration, focuses on an architecture convergence efforts based on the HLA/RTI, emphasizes the HLA compliance test and federation test, adapts to DSEEP, DMAO, and FEAT, and finally invents and implements an LVC Compliance Test System.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
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• no.37
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• pp.239-271
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• 2013

Records Management System(RMS) is a system for managing electronic records in records centers. However, RMS cannot content itself with the purpose of introduction and user demands. This is caused by lack of understanding the user's RMS and a review of the lack of detailed features. Therefore, the aim of this study reviews and evaluates a detailed accession function of RMS. Firstly, the study reviewed a detailed function of accession in RMS. Analysing the business processes that each function carried out, it defined functional requirements and investigated functional compliance as the check list which produced by the functional requirements definition. Finally, it surveyed and interviewed public records managers and analyzed the present situation of functional implementation of records accession function. Afterwards, improvement plans and implications were proposed through comparison of global-standard.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.816-823
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• 2007

As the South Korean rolling stock industry is developing designs for full compliance with the European Standards, it is fitting to take a look at these two core standards. The paper presents an overview of the load cases and structural requirements developed in Europe for the design of safe and compatible rolling stock vehicles. These load cases and structural requirements have been compiled into two standards namely EN12663 and EN15227. Standard EN12663 was developed as a reference design requirements standard. The work was mandated and sponsored by the European Committee for Standardization and Standard issuing National Institutions. EN12663 specifies a series of proof and fatigue load cases for European rolling stock regulations compliant vehicle designs. As EN12663 does not address the crashworthiness issue, a dedicated crashworthiness standard, EN15227, was therefore developed in a similar manner through industry wide consultations managed by a Trans-European working group of experienced engineers and specialists. In both standards, the vehicle and/or trains are grouped into categories reflecting the vehicle types and/or their indented operational function. EN15227, developed to complement EN12663, addresses the "passive" crashworthiness capability of the vehicles and trains. EN15227 specifies reference crash scenarios similar to those found in the Technical Specification for Interoperability (TSI) of high speed trains operating in Europe. The overview also touches on a general comparison with the corresponding British Group Standard (GM/RT2100) and also the UIC leaflet based load cases. The exercise is extended to pertinent design load cases specified by the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) in the US.