• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.201-206
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• 2015

This study aims to investigate test-retest reliability or reproducibility of the paper-pencil test for investigating stereotypes of seven principal controls of passenger cars. The controls include wiper, head light, high beam, door window, ignition key, door key and door lock. Sixty two college-aged students participated in the paper-pencil tests and the tests were conducted twice with an in-between period of 4 weeks. The results showed that the stereotypes of motion-directions for the seven controls by the two paper-pencil tests were the same, and that the percentage agreements between two tests by subjects were ranged from 60.0% to 80.6%. There was a weak linear relationship between averaged rates of responses for the stereotypes of motion-directions for the seven controls and percentage agreements by subjects. Based on these results, it is concluded that the paper-pencil test collects reliable or reproducible data on the stereotypes of motion-directions for passenger cars' controls within four weeks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1992.04a
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• pp.114-119
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• 1992

The main disadvantages of destructive testing methods are the delay in obtaining test results, the relatively high cost of testing, and the lack of reproducibility in the test results. As a result, nondestructive testing methods are generally used. There are three objectives in this paper. The first is to determine the equations of the compressive strength of concrete estimated by Schmidt hammer technique, ultrasonic pulse velocity method and combined method respectively in laboratory. The second is to determine the correction factors according to the concrete age which affects most in evaluating the compressive strength of in-situ concrete. The third is to examine the applicability of the equations to evaluation of the compressive strength of in-situ concrete structures.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.29 no.5 s.76
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• pp.563-573
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the availability of computer system for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis through the comparison of two measurements: One was to use a computer; and the other was to use vernier calipers. Twenty sets of casts were used, which showed a moderate degree of crowding and full eruption of all teeth. The mesio-distal width of 12 teeth from the left central incisor to the left first molar at each set of the casts were measured twice with vernier calipers and a computer respectively. This measurement was repeated two weeks later. First, for the reproducibility analysis, the two computer measurements were compared then the vernier calipers measurements were compared. Second, all the teeth were sepapated into the region of mesiodistal contact points and its width was measured by a micrometer to obtain standard measurements. For the accuracy analysis, these standard measurements were compared with the measurements from the dental casts using two methods. The difference between them was defined as the measurement error. To investigate the cause of measurement error, an examination was made for the presence and degree of contact point deviation on each tooth from the upper and lower occlusograms, and the mesio-distal angulation of each tooth was measured with TARG. Following results were obtained through statistical analysis. 1. In the analysis for reproducibility; the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the computer measurements showed significant differences in one out of twelve teeth. 2. In the analysis for accuracy; compared with the standard measurements, the measurements with vernier calipers showed significant differences in three out of twelve teeth while the computer measurements showed significant differences in two out of twelve teeth. 3. Compared with the standard measurements, the measurements with vernier calipers were apt to be larger at the upper first molar, and smaller at the lower first molar The computer measurements, however, were apt to be larger at both upper and lower first molars. 4. The measurements with vernier calipers showed the largest error at the lower first molar and the degree of error was variable according to the tooth while the difference of error was small in the computer measurements. 5. In the analysis for the correlation of the degree of measurement errors with the contact point deviation index and the mesio-distal crown angulation of each tooth, the measurements with vernier calipers did not show significant correlation while the measurements with computer showed slight Positive correlations. The results of this study indicate that a computer system may be useful for the measurement of tooth size in the model analysis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.15 no.10
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• pp.836-841
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• 1994

The polymer matrix effect on the selectivity, response rate and reproducibility for coextraction type anion-selective optode membranes were investigated with DOA-plasticized PVC, PVC/hydroxylated PVC, PU/hydroxylated PVC and DOS-plasticized CTA matrices. Optode membranes were prepared with TDMACl and ETH2412 dissolved in one of the four solvent polymeric matrices. The PU/hydroxylated PVC and PVC-based membranes have almost the same selectivity coefficients, while the CTA-based membrane is more selective toward lipophilic anions. The membrane with PU/hydroxylated PVC adhered strongly to a glass surface, and showed highly reproducible and relatively rapid response. Very poor adhesion of PVC/hydroxylated PVC and CTA-based membranes limited the usability of those membranes as sensor components. Based on these results, and considering the biocompatibility for clinical samples, the optode made with PU/hydroxylated PVC was applied to determine the thiocyanate ion in human saliva. The results obtained with this simple device were comparable to those with rather complicated ISE methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.25 no.3A
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• pp.417-423
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• 2000

A broadband antenna available in the range of 30MHz for electromagnetic interference (EMI) test is proposed in this paper, This antenna is configurated in a disk-loaded cylindrical dipole (DLCD) connected to an 180。 hybrid balun consisting of two coaxial feeders. The performance of EMI antenna is characterized with its accurate antenna factor. The antenna factor for this antenna is obtained by using the method of moments and the calculated results are compared with the measured ones. Normalized site attenuation (NSA) is also measured by using this antenna. The results present that the propose antenna could be used for a reference antenna having measurement reproducibility and represented by a theoretically accurate analysing model in EMI measurement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1394-1397
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• 2020

The urine test used as a basic test method of in vitro diagnosis for health care has been used for a long time to be simple and convenient. The urine test method is using a color that appears depending on the change in the ion concentration that reacts over time buried in the standard color test paper(Strips) with a urine sample applied to some reaction reagents. In this paper, it was proposed a neural network algorithm to obtain a suitable and reproducibility and accuracy classifier suitable for the urine analysis system. The experimental results were compared with the visual colorimetric analysis, and the neural network algorithm showed better results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.781-788
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• 2021

Due to the high sensitivity to radiation, excessive exposure needs to be prevented by accurately measuring the dose irradiated to the skin during radiation therapy. Although clinical trials use dosimeters such as film, OSLD, TLD, glass dosimeter, etc. to measure skin dose, these dosimeters have difficulty in accurate dosimetry on skin curves. In this study, to solve these problems, we developed a skin dosimeter that can be attached according to human flexion and evaluated its response characteristics. For the manufacture of the dosimeter, lead oxide (PbO) with high atomic number (Z_Pb: 82, Z_O: 8) and density (9.53 g/cm³) and silicon binders that can bend according to human flexion were used. In the case of a dosimeter made of PbO material, the performance degradation has been prevented by using parylene and others due to the presence of degradation due to oxidation, but the previously used parylene is affected by bending, so a new form of passive layer was produced and applied to the skin dosimeter. The characteristic evaluation of the skin dosimeter was evaluated by analyzing SEM, reproducibility, and linearity. Through SEM analysis, bending was evaluated, reproducibility and linearity at 6 MeV energy were evaluated, and applicability was assessed with a skin dosimeter. As a result of observing the dosimeter surface through SEM analysis, the parylene passive layer PbO dosimeter with the positive layer raised to the parylene produced cracks on the surface when bent. On the other hand, no crack was observed in the silicon passive layer PbO dosimeter, which was raised to silicon passive layer. In the reproducibility measurement results, the RSD of the silicon passive layer PbO dosimeter was 1.47% which satisfied the evaluation criteria RSD 1.5% and the linearity evaluation results showed the R² value of 0.9990, which satisfied the evaluation criteria R² 9990. The silicon passive layer PbO dosimeter was evaluated to be applicable to skin dosimeters by demonstrating high signal stability, precision, and accuracy in reproducibility and linearity, without cracking due to bending.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1702-1707
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• 2007

The reduction of pipe-thickness induced by flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) is one of the most serious problems on the maintenance of piping system in nuclear power plants (NNP). If the thickness of a pipe component is reduced below the critical level, it cannot sustain pressure and consequently results in leakage or rupture. For this reason, wall thinning by FAC has been inspected in secondary side piping systems in NPPs. In this research Round Robin Test (RRT) was conducted to verify confidence of wall thinning measurement system in NPP. 12 inspectors from 3 companies participated and 23 specimens were used according to standard practice in RRT. The gage R&R analysis was introduced in regard to repeatability and reproducibility that are affected to measurement system errors. Confidence intervals of thickness measurement system were obtained.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2022

Although the hole expansion test is currently the most commonly used method to evaluate the stretch flangeability of HSS, it has been criticized due to its poor repeatability and reproducibility for test results. This paper focuses on the development of a new measurement method to investigate the stretch flangeability of HSS. Two materials (DP590, DP980) were investigated with a hole expansion test and a developed test method. Test results showed that the developed test method could be used as one stretch flangeability test to help identify relevant parameters of the shearing process to avoid edge cracking.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.115-119
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate the magnification error percentage in repeatedly taken panoramic radiographs of same patient and machine. Materials and Methods : 92 panoramic radiographs from 46 patients were traced and 30 horizontal and vertical measurements were made with digital sliding caliper. The results were compared with paired t-test. Results : There was no statistically significant difference between the two measurements. The overall difference as percentage error was $6.19\pm5.60\%$. The largest error as $14.61\pm12.44\%$ was found at condylar height 1, and smallest as $1.86\pm1.61\%$ at mandibular height. Overall vertical error excluding condylar height 1 was $3.76\pm3.97\%$, and the horizontal error $6.88\pm5.92\%$. Conclusion . Repeatedly taken panoramic radiographs of the same patient and machine was reliable since there was no significant percentage error difference but the percentage error ranged from $1.86\pm1.61\%\;to\;14.61\pm12.44\%$ indicating the error depends on the measuring site.