• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.145-151
• /
• 2016

Purpose: To evaluate the reliability of preoperative and postoperative distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) measurements and to determine whether such reliability is different in accordance with the foot and ankle fellowship and the number of years in practice. Materials and Methods: Between July 2012 and June 2014, a total of 20 patients (24 feet) were treated with proximal chevron osteotomy and distal soft tissue procedure for symptomatic hallux valgus deformity. DMAA were measured twice with an interval of two weeks between the preoperative and postoperative dorsoplantar radiographs by four observers; two of whom were foot and ankle surgeons (A and B), one knee surgeon, and one senior resident. The intraobserver reproducibility and interobserver reliability were assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients. Moreover, the limit of agreement between the preoperative and postoperative DMAA measurements were assessed using a Bland-Altman plot. Results: The intraobserver reproducibility of the foot and ankle surgeon A, knee surgeon, and senior resident improved from 0.796, 0.575, and 0.586 preoperatively to 0.968, 0.864, and 0.864 postoperatively, respectively. The interobserver reliability of foot and ankle surgeon A-B, foot and ankle surgeon A-knee surgeon, and foot and ankle surgeon A-senior resident improved from 0.874, 0.688, and 0.677 preoperatively to 0.971, 0.917, and 0.838 postoperatively, respectively. Conclusion: The intra- and interobserver reliabilities for DMAA measurement improved after proximal chevron osteotomy. Therefore, the necessity of additional procedures to correct the increased DMAA should be reevaluated after proximal chevron osteotomy in the hallux valgus with an increased DMAA.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.110-112
• /
• 2006

Membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) are commonly prepared in the research laboratory by spraying, screen-printing and brushing catalyst slurry onto membrane or other support material like carbon paper or polyimide film in a batch style. These hand applications of the catalyst slurry are painstaking process with respect to precision of catalyst loading and reproducibility. It has been generally mentioned that the adoption of continuous process is very helpful to develop the reliable product. In the present work, we report the results of using continuous type coater with doctor-blade to coat catalyst slurry for preparing the MEA catalyst layers In a faster and highly reproducible fashion. We show that while expectedly faster than batch style, the machine coater requires the use of slurry of appropriate composition and a properly selected transfer decal material in order to achieve superior MEA plat lnw loading reproducibility. To make highly viscous catalyst slurry that is imperative for using coater, we use 40wt.% Nafion solution and minimize the content of organic solvent. And the choice of proper high surface area catalyst is important in the viewpoint of making well-dispersed slurry. After catalyst coating onto the support material, we transferred the catalyst layer to both sides of Nafion membrane by hot-pressing In this case, the degree of transfer was Influenced by hot-pressing condition including temperature, pressure, and time. To compare the transferring ability, we compared so many films and detaching papers. And among the support, polyethylene terephthalate(PET) film shows the prominent result.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.16-23
• /
• 2019

Background: We aimed to evaluate whether the use of our novel patient-specific guide (PSG) with 3-dimensional reconstruction in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) would allow accurate and reliable implantation of the glenoid and humeral components. Methods: 20 fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders were used. The PSG group (n=10) and conventional group (n=10) was evaluated the accuracy and reproducibility of implant positioning between before and after surgery on the computed tomography image. Results: The superoinferior and anteroposterior offset in the glenoid component were $0.42{\pm}0.07$, $0.50{\pm}0.08$ in the conventional group and $0.45{\pm}0.03$, $0.46{\pm}0.02$ in the PSG group. The inclination and version angles were $-1.93^{\circ}{\pm}4.31^{\circ}$, $2.27^{\circ}{\pm}5.91^{\circ}$ and $0.46^{\circ}{\pm}0.02^{\circ}$, $3.38^{\circ}{\pm}2.79^{\circ}$. The standard deviation showed a smaller difference in the PSG group. The anteroposterior and lateromedial humeral canal center offset in the humeral component were $0.45{\pm}0.12$, $0.48{\pm}0.15$ in the conventional group and $0.46{\pm}0.59$ (p=0.794), $0.46{\pm}0.06$ (p=0.702) in the PSG group. The PSG showed significantly better humeral stem alignment. Conclusions: The use of PSGs with 3-dimensional reconstruction reduces variabilities in glenoid and humerus component positions and prevents extreme positioning errors in RTSA.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.185-192
• /
• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare with color reproducibility of the coating method and dipping method using a colour liquid. Methods: Two groups of square-shaped specimens ($10mm{\times}10mm$ in diameter, 1.5mm thickness) were prepared for analysis(n=15/group). The CM(Coating Method) group was fabricated as full zirconia specimens with the coating coloring method and Group DM(Dipping Method) was prepared as specimens of 0.7 mm-thick zirconia plate using the dipping coloring method and veneered with 0.8mm-thick porcelain. Color parameters were measured with ShadeEye $NCC^{(R)}$ spectrophotometer and color differences were calculated using the equation ${\Delta}E^*= \{({\Delta}L^*)^2+({\Delta}a^*)^2+({\Delta}b^*)^2\}^{1/2}$. Non-parametric statistical methods, the Mann-Whitney test, and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to analyze the data. Type one error rate was set at 0.05. Results: Color difference values larger than 7 were observed between specimens with the coating method and the dipping method, which were detectable difference in a clinical setting. Conclusion: Cautious application of the coating coloring method in a clinical setting and further researches to standardize the coating method are needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.6
• /
• pp.81-92
• /
• 2019

The objective of this study is to evaluate hydrologic impacts of climate change according to downscaling methods using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model at watershed scale. We used the APCC Integrated Modeling Solution (AIMS) for assessing various General Circulation Models (GCMs) and downscaling methods. AIMS provides three downscaling methods: 1) BCSA (Bias-Correction & Stochastic Analogue), 2) Simple Quantile Mapping (SQM), 3) SDQDM (Spatial Disaggregation and Quantile Delta Mapping). To assess future hydrologic responses of climate change, we adopted three GCMs: CESM1-BGC for flood, MIROC-ESM for drought, and HadGEM2-AO for Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) national standard scenario. Combined nine climate change scenarios were assessed by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). SWAT model was established at the Mankyung watershed and the applicability assessment was completed by performing calibration and validation from 2008 to 2017. Historical reproducibility results from BCSA, SQM, SDQDM of three GCMs show different patterns on annual precipitation, maximum temperature, and four selected ETCCDI. BCSA and SQM showed high historical reproducibility compared with the observed data, however SDQDM was underestimated, possibly due to the uncertainty of future climate data. Future hydrologic responses presented greater variability in SQM and relatively less variability in BCSA and SDQDM. This study implies that reasonable selection of GCMs and downscaling methods considering research objective is important and necessary to minimize uncertainty of climate change scenarios.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess the test-retest reliability of balance measurements in older adults using balance measurement system(Good Balance). Methods: The subjects consisted of 49 female and 20 male in community-dwelling older adults. This study used a repeated-measure design. Each subject completed all the different tests once and they were then repeated with 2 minutes in between. Repeated two-ways analysis of variance(ANOVA), representing two test times and both sexes, was calculated for each of the two dependent variables. Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) were used to assess the test-retest reliability. Results: 1) There was not significant difference between test and retest for mediolateral sway speed and anterioposterior sway speed under conditions of normal standing with eyes open, normal standing with eyes closed and semitandem standing with eyes open. There was not significant difference between males and females for mediolateral sway speed and anterioposterior sway speed under conditions of normal standing with eyes open, normal standing with eyes closed and semitandem standing with eyes open. There were not the interaction effects between genders and test time under three conditions. 2) The reproducibility between test and retest was excellent for anterioposterior sway speed(ICC=.77) under condition of normal standing with eyes open, and for mediolateral sway speed(ICC=.76) and anterioposterior sway speed(ICC=.84) under condition of semitandem standing with eyes open. The reproducibility between test and retest was fair to good for mediolateral sway speed(ICC=.64) under condition of normal standing with eyes open, for mediolateral sway speed(ICC=.63) and anterioposterior sway speed(ICC=.75) under condition of normal standing with eyes closed. Conclusion: Balance tests in older adults using balance measurement system(Good Balance) demonstrated acceptable levels of reliability.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 2005

Purpose : To determine if ultrasonography is a reliable technique to assess masseter muscle sites within intra- and interobserver and the scanning level and/or the muscle condition affect local cross-sectional dismension (LCSD) measurements of masseter muscle. Materials and Methods : 10 subjects without sign and symptom of temporomandibular disorders and missing posterior teeth were examined by ultrasonography. Bilateral ultrasonographic examinations were performed with a linear (B-scan) 7.5 MHz small-part transducer to register LCSDS of the masseter muscle on three different levels. Scans were made on relaxed and clenching condition. Three oral and maxillofacial radiologists measured at two sessions with a time interval of at least 5 minutes. Results : Variables such as 'condition' and 'level' had a significant effect on muscle measurements (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between 'sessions'(p>0.05) and 'observers' (p>0.05). LCSDS on lower scan level were significantly thinner than those on upper and middle level. Those on clenching condition were significantly thicker than those on relaxed condition (p<0.05). The scanning level with the highest reproducibility was middle with clenching condition (ICC=0.90, $MSE=0.55\%$). Conclusion : The data suggested that ultrasonography was a reliable method for measuring LSCD of masseter muscle in intra- and Interobserver and middle scan level showed the most reliable data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.79-83
• /
• 2021

In radiation therapy, electron beam is often used in the treatment of superficial lesion. Accurate measurements are required because electron beam interacts with them in the beam path and affects dose measurements. However, no research has been conducted on electron beam quality assurance. in this study, PbO-based dosimeter was fabricated as a basic study for electron beam quality assurance. Thus, the reproducibility and linearity of the energy of 6, 9, and 12 MeV were analyzed to evaluate measurement accuracy and precision. Reproducibility measurements show RSD value of 1.024%, 1.019% and 0.890%, respectively, at 6, 9, and 12 MeV. linearity measurements show 0.9999 R2 at 6, 9, and 12 MeV altogether. Both evaluations show that the PbO dosimeter has very good measurement accuracy and precision with excellent results.

• Smart Media Journal
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.44-48
• /
• 2016

In a longitudinal neuroimaging study, the upgrades of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner due to outdated hardwares and softwares make it difficult to maintain the same MRI conditions in the long-term research period. Particularly, high field MRI systems such 3T scanners become popular in recent years. However, it is still unclear whether an integrated analysis of 3T and 1.5T images is possible without consideration of the field strength. In this study, we evaluated the reproducibility of hippocampal volumes between brain images with different field strengths and slice orientations. 296 participants underwent both 3T and 1.5T MRI and both sagittal and axial scans for high resolution brain images, and their hippocampal volumes were measured using Freesurfer, a well-known software for neuroimaging analysis. Paired t-tests showed that the hippocampal volumes were significantly different between the image types. These results suggest that it is necessary to develop data analysis techniques for integrating diverse types of MRI images.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.3_4
• /
• pp.452-459
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of reference fabric for the tactile sensation of worsted fabrics. As specimens, 32 worsted fabrics for spring/fall suits were selected. A series of subjective evaluation for roughness, harshness, coarseness, smoothness, warmth, bulkiness and softness were performed with 20 trained panels. The panels were selected by the test of consistency and trained for 3 weeks to enhance the reproducibility and consistency. Subjective evaluation was performed using 9 points Semantic Differential Scales with and without reference fabric. Results showed that the sensations were very similar between the results for the test of with or without reference. However the standard deviations of ratings for the with-reference were much less than that of without-reference which means the use of reference fabric can reduce the subjective error or can reduce the number of panels to test.