• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.327-334
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• 2015

Purpose: A falling-type weight sorter equipped with a load cell was developed to sort lightweight dried persimmons. The performance of the sorter was also evaluated. Methods: The electronic weight sorter for dried persimmon comprises a feeder part, a weight-measurement part, an indicator part, a carrier cup, a discharging part, and a driving part. The weight setting and zero-point adjustment are performed digitally for the convenience of users. For the experimental trials, 228 rubber-clay specimens (representative of dried persimmons) in the weight range of 24.73~99.56 g were manufactured for use in experiments to evaluate the performance of the sorter. Results: The average error of the weight measurements from three experimental trials was 1.655%, with a bias of -0.492 g, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of ${\pm}0.808g$, and a coefficient of determination ($R^2$ ) of 0.997. Conclusions: The load-cell-based electronic dried-persimmon weight sorter developed in this study facilitates effective, precise, and convenient sorting of dried persimmons.

• 대기
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2013

The climate projection with a high spatial resolution is required for the studies on regional climate changes. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) has provided downscaled RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) scenarios over Korea with 1 km spatial resolution. If there are additional climate projections produced by dynamically downscale, the quality of impacts and vulnerability assessments of Korea would be improved with uncertainty information. This technical note intends to instruct the methods to downscale the climate projections dynamically from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model. In particular, here we focus on the instruction to utilize CAM2WRF, a sub-program to link output of CESM to initial and boundary condition of WRF at Linux platform. We also provide the example of the dynamically downscaled results over Korean Peninsula with 50 km spatial resolution for August, 2020. This instruction can be helpful to utilize global scale climate scenarios for studying regional climate change over Korean peninsula with further validation and uncertainty/bias analysis.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2013

Korean Volunteer Fire Departments are the representative disaster-related civilian organizations which are based on "Firefighting Framework Act Article 37"and ordinance for complementing the lack of fire-fighting personnel and volunteer and they play a part as community safety keepers. They are operated by the National funding, but cannot be defined as the organization in governmental sources completely or pure volunteer organization in terms of its founding purpose and activities. In these special characteristics, some Volunteer Fire Departments play an important role in Civilian Volunteer Disaster Prevention by being managed effectively, but the others do not. There can be many cause-analyses about this difference. They aren't profit-making organizations and are groups which have no compulsion. So it is important that who the leader is, and what type of leadership he has. By solving this bias by considering these characteristics, in this study we make them perform the center role of community safety network through analyzing the existing status and problems of volunteer fire department education and customized training program reengineering to meet class-specific and regional level.

• 사상체질의학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

Objectives For the methodological review on the accuracy study of questionnaire for Sasang constitution diagnosis, we searched the various diagnostic accuracy study of the questionnaires for Sasang constitution. Methods We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, KISS, and DBPIA. Additionally, We hand-searched the main oriental medical journals. All articles were independently reviewed and selected by two evaluators. And selected articles were assessed by "Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies Tool"(QUADAS Tool) for the methodological review. Results The twenty eight studies initially identified studies were included in the methodological review. The part of "Acceptable reference standard", "Uninterpretable results reported" and "Withdrawals explained" was very weak in the risk of bias. The part of "Representative spectrum", "Acceptable delay between tests", "Incorporation avoided", "Reference standard results blinded", "Index test results blinded" was unclear in the description. Conclusions For the further study on the accuracy study of Sasang constitution diagnosis, we have to improve the aforementioned errors. Additionally, the checklist for the description of study might be needed.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.143-153
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• 2016

Objective: The purposes of this study are to survey needs for changing accident investigation from blaming to systems approach and to briefly summarize systems-based accident analysis techniques. Background: In modern complex socio-technical systems, accidents are caused by a variety of contributing factors including human, technical, organizational, social factors, not by just a single violation or error of a specific actor, but accidents investigation used to be focused on the incorrect action of individuals. A new approach investigating causes of accidents as a symptom of a deficient system is required. Method: This study was mainly based on survey of literatures related to accidents, accidents investigation, which included academic journals, newspapers, etc. Results: This study showed that accidents investigation of Korea focusing on blaming is problematic. This was confirmed by two concepts of migration and hindsight bias frequently found in accident causation studies, and an attribute of accidents having varying causes. This was illustrated with an example of Sewol ferry capsizing accident. Representative systems-based accident analysis models including Swiss cheese model, AcciMap, HFACS, FRAM and STAMP were briefly introduced, which can be used in systematic accidents investigations. Finally, this study proposed a procedure for establishing preventive measures of accidents, which was composed of two steps: public inquiry and devising preventive measures. Conclusion: A new approach considering how safety-critical components such as technical and social elements, and their interactions lead to accidents is needed for preventing reoccurrence of similar accidents in complex socio-technical systems. Application: The results would be used as a reference or guideline when the safety relevant governmental organizations investigate accidents.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.249-262
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to contemplate evening dress in contemporary fashion, thereby to analyze aesthetic characteristics of evening dress. For such purposes, this thesis first provides the historical survey of evening dresses, and to conduct a case study of survey of fashion photographs covering $pr{\hat{e}}t-{\acute{a}}t$-porter design products from 2000 to 2007 presented by Valentine. Based upon the historical survey, there are five representative styles in evening dress. Flapper chic looks could be characterized by frequent usage of sleeveless straight silhouette with long or mini hemlines, expressing sensuality, luxury, and ethnicity. Satin Siren looks were characterized by bias-cut, slim, long silhouette, expressing sensuality and luxury. Feminine Ideal looks were characterized by hourglass silhouette and decolltage with feminine details such as bow, pleats and frills, expressing historicism, luxury and sensuality. Freedom and fantasy looks were characterized by ethnic details or modern silhouette with transparent, printed materials, expressing ethnicity, sensuality, and luxury. Finally, postmodern glamourous looks were characterized by body-conscious silhouette with transparent, shiny, or stretch materials, expressing sensuality, experimentalism and luxury.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.1
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• pp.349-354
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• 2006

For robust INS/GPS navigation system, an efficient multi-filter fusion technique is proposed. In the filtering for nonlinear systems, the representative filter - EKF, and the alternative filters - RHKF filter, SPKF, etc. have individual advantages and weak points. The key concept of the multi-filter fusion is the mergence of the strong points of the filters. This paper fuses the IIR type filter - EKF and the FIR type filter - RHKF filter using the adaptive strategy. The result of the fusion has several advantages over the EKF, and the RHKF filter. The advantages include the robustness to the system uncertainty, temporary unknown bias, and so on. The multi-filter fusion technique is applied to the tightly coupled INS/GPS navigation system and the performance is verified by simulation.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2023년도 학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2023

Pleikrong reservoir with a concrete gravity dam that impound more than 1 billion cubic meter storage volume is one of the largest reservoir in Central Highland of Vietnam. Sedimentation is a major problem in this area and it becomes more severe due to the effect of climate change. Over time, it gradually reduces the reservoir storage capacity affecting to the reliability of water and power supply. This study aims to integrate the soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) model with 14 bias-corrected GCM/RCM models under two emissions scenarios, representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 to estimate sediment inflow to Pleikrong reservoir in the long term period. The result indicated that the simulated total amount of sediment deposited in the reservoir from 2010 to 2018 was approximately 39 mil m³ which is a 17% underestimate compared with the observed value of 47 mil m³. The results also show the reduction in reservoir storage capacity due to sedimentation ranges from 25% to 62% by 2050, depending on the different climate change models. The reservoir reduced storage volume's rate in considering the impact of climate change is much faster than in the case of no climate change. The outcomes of this study will be helpful for a sustainable and climate-resilient plan of sediment management for the Pleikrongreservoir.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.8128-8139
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• 2015

최근 구조물 기초 분야에 대한 한계상태설계법이 국제적인 기술표준으로 요구됨에 따라 연구기반이 미약한 연약지반 개량공법에 대한 하중저항계수설계법 개발의 필요성이 대두되었다. 본 연구는 신뢰성 분석을 통해 항타강관말뚝의 목표신뢰성지수 및 저항계수를 산정하여 기초 구조물에 대한 LRFD code를 개발하고자 하였다. 프로그램의 검증을 위해 광양지역 16개의 항타말뚝 재하시험 결과와 2008년 한국건설기술연구원에서 이용된 57개의 항타말뚝 재하시험 결과를 취합하였다. 구조물기초설계기준에서 제안하고 있는 두가지 정역학적 설계공식에 대해서 대표 측정지지력과 설계지지력을 비교함으로써 저항편향계수를 평가하였고, 저항편향계수의 통계특성을 이용하여 일차신뢰도법 및 몬테카를로 실뮬레이션에 의한 신뢰성 분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 항타강관말뚝의 목표 신뢰성지수 2.0, 2.33, 2.5에 대해서 선단부 N치 50이하인 경우 두 지지력 공식의 저항계수는 각각 0.611~0.684, 0.821~0.537, 선단부 N치 50이상인 경우 각각 0.608~0.545, 0.749~0.643으로 제안되었다. 본 연구결과는 향후 다양한 기초구조물 및 지반구조물의 하중저항계수설계법 개발을 위한 자료로서 그 활용성이 있을 것이다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.170-202
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• 1998

Lee Shi Zhen(李時珍) raised a question in argument on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集), which had been believed to be written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素), arguing that Bao Ming Shi(保命集), also called Huo Fa Ji Yao(活法機要), was written by Zhang Yuan Su(張完素). There were three representative arguments on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集). One suggested that it was written by Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) while the other argued that it was definitely written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素). And another suggested thai it was edited by posterity by combinding the works of the former two miters. After this study, it was found that Bao Ming Shi(保命集) has Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s unique medical thoughts in many descriptions resulting in controversial dispute. Through these arguments, a new hypothesis has been made that the third person who had studied Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s medical thoughts wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集). Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) were quite different in medial thoughts and their works and they found different school, respectively. Therefore, if Bao Ming Shi(保命集) was written by Liu Wan Su(劉完素) or Zhang Yuan Su(張完素), it is impossiple that Bao Ming Shj(保命集) has the two medical thoughts in many descriptions. So, it is regarded reasonable to argue that the person who had aquainted with the two medical thoughts wrote this book. Then enother question can be raised : why the persion wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集) which integrated the two medical thoughts and. The answer is as follows. Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素) became the rounders of He Jian(河間) school and Yi Shui(易水) school, respectively, which have considerably affected later generations, suggesting advanced medical theory. The medical thoughts suggested by the two were sure advanced compared with the former generation, but subjective and biased enough be critisized. So, it is thought that the third person wrote Bao Ming Shj(保命集) to recover those demerits and to describe more advanced medical theory. Zhongyi Xueshushi(中醫學術史) suggests that posterity edited Bao Ming Shi(保命集) by combinding Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s works, which is different flam my suggestment. In above description, it is said that the two medical thoughts were quite different, but Bao Ming Shi(保命集) has well-understood medical thoughts containing the two medical thoughts in chaptor to chaptor, and well coincides from cover to cover, which shows that it is written by one person not edited by posterity. My hypothesis can admit other arguments on the writer of Bao Ming Shi(保命集), recover the bias of those argument and solve the questions raised in other arguments. Therefore, I suggest that the person, who was well aquainted with Liu Wan Su(劉完素) and Zhang Yuan Su(張完素)'s medical thoughts, wrote Bao Ming Shi(保命集) to describe more advanced and complete medical theory by amending the bias and taking the merits of the two medical thoughts.