• Title/Summary/Keyword: Repertoire

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가정폭력에 대한 법제도적 대안: 치료적 사법이념의 관점 (Legal-systematic alternative to domestic Violence: Therapeutic Jurisprudence)

  • 박광배;지형기
    • 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
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    • 제10권spc호
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    • pp.69-86
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    • 2004
  • 가정폭력은 아동기 경험에 의하여 폭력이 행동 레파토리로 학습된 남성이 사회적 존재로서의 자존감을 손상하는 경험을 반복적으로 하게 되는 경우에 나타나는 스트레스 반응이고, 결혼생활의 조화와 사회적 지지는 이 스트레스를 증폭하거나 완화시키는 완충역할을 한다는 견해가 설득력을 가진다. 가정폭력 사범의 교정을 위한 한국의 현행 제도는 교정과 치료가 교도행정기관에 의해 주도되므로 환자의 입장에서는 치료라기보다 대체형벌로 받아들일 가능성이 높아서 그 효과를 낙관하기 어렵고, 지역사회에서 낙인효과를 유발하여 재적응을 어렵게 만들며, 결과적으로 재범의 가능성을 높일 수 있다. 한국사회에서 가정폭력을 최소화하기 위한 법적 대처는 치료적 사법이념의 패러다임을 제도적 대처방안으로 섬세하게 고려할 필요가 있다. 치료적 사법이념의 핵심은 법원이 지역사회 및 다른 행정기관과 협력하여 범죄자의 치료와, 교정, 그리고 갱생을 위한 적극적이고 능동적인 역할을 해야 한다는 것이다.

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Individual expression and processing of hepatitis C virus E1/E2 epitopes-based DNA vaccine candidate in healthy humans' peripheral blood mononuclear cells

  • Rola Nadeem;Amany Sayed Maghraby;Dina Nadeem Abd-Elshafy;Ahmed Barakat Barakat;Mahmoud Mohamed Bahgat
    • Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.47-59
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: The development and study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) vaccine candidates' individualized responses are of great importance. Here we report on an HCV DNA vaccine candidate based on selected envelope (E1/E2) epitopes. Besides, we assessed its expression and processing in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in vivo cellular response in mice. Materials and Methods: HCV E1/E2 DNA construct (EC) was designed. The antigen expression of EC was assayed in PBMCs of five HCV-uninfected donors via a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Serum samples from 20 HCV antibody-positive patients were used to detect each individual PBMCs expressed antigens via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two groups, five Swiss albino mice each, were immunized with the EC or a control construct. The absolute count of lymph nodes' CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes was assessed. Results: Donors' PBMCs showed different levels of EC expression, ranging between 0.83-2.61-fold in four donors, while donor-3 showed 34.53-fold expression. The antigens expressed in PBMCs were significantly reactive to the 20 HCV antibody repertoire (all p=0.0001). All showed comparable reactivity except for donor-3 showing the lowest reactivity level. The absolute count % of the CD4+ T-cell significantly increased in four of the five EC-immunized mice compared to the control group (p=0.03). No significant difference in CD8+ T-cells % was observed (p=0.89). Conclusion: The inter-individual variation in antigen expression and processing dominance was evident, showing independence in individuals' antigen expression and reactivity levels to antibodies. The described vaccine candidate might result in a promising natural immune response with a possibility of CD4+ T-cell early priming.

The Anti-apoptotic Effect of Ghrelin on Restraint Stress-Induced Thymus Atrophy in Mice

  • Jun Ho Lee;Tae-Jin Kim;Jie Wan Kim;Jeong Seon Yoon;Hyuk Soon Kim;Kyung-Mi Lee
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제16권4호
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    • pp.242-248
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    • 2016
  • Thymic atrophy is a complication that results from exposure to many environmental stressors, disease treatments, and microbial challenges. Such acute stress-associated thymic loss can have a dramatic impact on the host's ability to replenish the necessary naïve T cell output to reconstitute the peripheral T cell numbers and repertoire to respond to new antigenic challenges. We have previously reported that treatment with the orexigenic hormone ghrelin results in an increase in the number and proliferation of thymocytes after dexamethasone challenge, suggesting a role for ghrelin in restraint stress-induced thymic involution and cell apoptosis and its potential use as a thymostimulatory agent. In an effort to understand how ghrelin suppresses thymic T cell apoptosis, we have examined the various signaling pathways induced by receptor-specific ghrelin stimulation using a restraint stress mouse model. In this model, stress-induced apoptosis in thymocytes was effectively blocked by ghrelin. Western blot analysis demonstrated that ghrelin prevents the cleavage of pro-apoptotic proteins such as Bim, Caspase-3, and PARP. In addition, ghrelin stimulation activates the Akt and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathways in a time/dose-dependent manner. Moreover, we also revealed the involvement of the FoxO3a pathway in the phosphorylation of Akt and ERK1/2. Together, these findings suggest that ghrelin inhibits apoptosis by modulating the stress-induced apoptotic signal pathway in the restraint-induced thymic apoptosis.

Heterogeneity of Human γδ T Cells and Their Role in Cancer Immunity

  • Hye Won Lee;Yun Shin Chung;Tae Jin Kim
    • IMMUNE NETWORK
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    • 제20권1호
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    • pp.5.1-5.15
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    • 2020
  • The γδ T cells are unconventional lymphocytes that function in both innate and adaptive immune responses against various intracellular and infectious stresses. The γδ T cells can be exploited as cancer-killing effector cells since γδ TCRs recognize MHC-like molecules and growth factor receptors that are upregulated in cancer cells, and γδ T cells can differentiate into cytotoxic effector cells. However, γδ T cells may also promote tumor progression by secreting IL-17 or other cytokines. Therefore, it is essential to understand how the differentiation and homeostasis of γδ T cells are regulated and whether distinct γδ T cell subsets have different functions. Human γδ T cells are classified into Vδ2 and non-Vδ2 γδ T cells. The majority of Vδ2 γδ T cells are Vγ9δ2 T cells that recognize pyrophosphorylated isoprenoids generated by the dysregulated mevalonate pathway. In contrast, Vδ1 T cells expand from initially diverse TCR repertoire in patients with infectious diseases and cancers. The ligands of Vδ1 T cells are diverse and include the growth factor receptors such as endothelial protein C receptor. Both Vδ1 and Vδ2 γδ T cells are implicated to have immunotherapeutic potentials for cancers, but the detailed elucidation of the distinct characteristics of 2 populations will be required to enhance the immunotherapeutic potential of γδ T cells. Here, we summarize recent progress regarding cancer immunology of human γδ T cells, including their development, heterogeneity, and plasticity, the putative mechanisms underlying ligand recognition and activation, and their dual effects on tumor progression in the tumor microenvironment.

Genomic insights of S. aureus associated with bovine mastitis in a high livestock activity region of Mexico

  • Jose Roberto Aguirre-Sanchez;Nohemi Castro-del Campo;José Andres Medrano-Felix;Alex Omar Martínez-Torres;Cristobal Chaidez;Jordi Querol-Audi;Nohelia Castro-del Campo
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.42.1-42.12
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    • 2024
  • Importance: Bovine mastitis, predominantly associated with gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, poses a significant threat to dairy cows, leading to a decline in milk quality and volume with substantial economic implications. Objective: This study investigated the incidence, virulence, and antibiotic resistance of S. aureus associated with mastitis in dairy cows. Methods: Fifty milk-productive cows underwent a subclinical mastitis diagnosis, and the S. aureus strains were isolated. Genomic DNA extraction, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were performed, supplemented by including 124 S. aureus genomes from cows with subclinical mastitis to enhance the overall analysis. Results: The results revealed a 42% prevalence of subclinical mastitis among the cows tested. Genomic analysis identified 26 sequence types (STs) for all isolates, with Mexican STs belonging primarily to CC1 and CC97. The analyzed genomes exhibited multidrug resistance to phenicol, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and cephalosporine, which are commonly used as the first line of treatment. Furthermore, a similar genomic virulence repertoire was observed across the genomes, encompassing the genes related to invasion, survival, pathogenesis, and iron uptake. In particular, the toxic shock syndrome toxin (tss-1) was found predominantly in the genomes isolated in this study, posing potential health risks, particularly in children. Conclusion and Relevance: These findings underscore the broad capacity for antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity by S. aureus, compromising the integrity of milk and dairy products. The study emphasizes the need to evaluate the effectiveness of antibiotics in combating S. aureus infections.

17세기 고악보 소재 시조 담론의 특징적인 국면(局面) (Distinctive Aspects of Sijo Discourse in 17th Century's Old Music Scores)

  • 박상영
    • 한국시조학회지:시조학논총
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    • 제44권
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    • pp.197-236
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    • 2016
  • 본 연구는 17세기 고악보 소재 시조를 개관하고 이를 토대로 이 시기 시조의 특징을 악보 편찬, 곡조의 변화, 노랫말의 변모상과 더불어 풍류, 일상성, 소통 중심의 담론 측면에서 한번 살펴본 것이다. 논의 대상이 된 고악보는 "양금신보(梁琴新譜)", "백운암금보(白雲庵琴譜)", "증보고금보(增補古琴譜)", "연대금보(延大琴譜)", "금보고(琴譜古)" 등 5개이다. 먼저 "양금신보(梁琴新譜)"에는 4곡에서 노랫말이 발견되며 이 중 <오나리~>가 17세기 이후부터 중대엽, 초중대엽, 이중대엽 등에 얹혀 불리거나 시조시형에 맞추려 한 흔적을 보여주고, "백운암금보(白雲庵琴譜)"에는 3수가 있는데, 악조의 기록이 있는 것과 없는 것이 있고 시조 말구가 생략된 작품이 특이하게 발견된다. "연대금보(延大琴譜)"에는 9수 모두가 중대엽에 얹혀 불렸고, "증보고금보(增補古琴譜)"에서는 4수가 삭대엽에 얹혀 불린 정황을 볼 수 있다. "증보고금보(增補古琴譜)"에는 또한 고려속요 <가시리>를 시조 시형에 맞게 개작한 작품도 발견되고 있어 두 갈래 간 연관성을 밝혀낼 단서로서 주목된다. "금보고(琴譜古)"에는 3수가 있고 이 중 일부는 다른 악보에도 보여 이 시기에 중대엽에 주로 얹어 부르는 레퍼토리가 정해져 있었을 가능성을 암시한다. 고악보를 통한 17세기 시조 연행과 담론의 특징은, 우선 금보(琴譜)의 성행과 풍류의 측면을 들 수 있다. 이 시기 금보(琴譜)는 국가적인 교화 담론의 목적에서라기보다는 새로운 음악 수용자층이 자신들의 기억을 더듬는 데 참고하거나 익숙한 곡을 악보로 남겨 풍류 현장의 흥을 고취하려는 과정에서 자연스레 편찬된 결과이다. 또한 이 시기는 17세기 초반에는 중대엽의 평조(平調)에만 노랫말이 얹혀 불리다가 17세기 중, 후반부터는 평조(平調) 이 외의 곡조 및 삭대엽의 곡조에도 노랫말이 얹혀 불린 흔적을 볼 수 있다. 이러한 곡조상의 변화 속에서 악보별 나름의 일상성 담론을 보여주기도 했지만 이미 형성되어 버린 레퍼토리로 근대성과 연결된 진정한 의미의 일상성 담론이 노랫말에서 발견되지는 않았다. 또 이 시기는 악조 변화에도 불구하고 노랫말에서는 큰 변화가 보이지 않지만 창자-청자 간의 소통과 공감 형성이 중시되는 가창 공간 자체는 노랫말의 변화 및 소실에 일정한 영향을 미쳤을 것으로 추정된다. 이처럼 고악보를 통해 시조 담론의 특징을 살펴보는 것은, 시(詩)로서 뿐만 아니라 가(歌)적인 성격도 지니는 시조를 보다 잘 이해하고 동시에 가집(歌集) 중심이던 기존의 연구를 또 다른 측면에서 보완하는 토대 작업이라는 데에 그 의의가 있다.

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Intracellular CD154 Expression Reflects Antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ Cells but Shows Less Sensitivity than Intracellular Cytokine and MHC Tetramer Staining

  • Han, Young-Woo;Aleyas, Abi G.;George, Junu A.;Yoon, Hyun-A;Lee, John-Hwa;Kim, Byung-Sam;Eo, Seong-Kug
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제17권12호
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    • pp.1955-1964
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    • 2007
  • A recent report showed that analysis of CD154 expression in the presence of the secretion inhibitor Brefeldin A (Bref A) could be used to assess the entire repertoire of antigen-specific $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. However, the capacity of intracellular CD154 expression to identify antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells has yet to be investigated. In this study, we compared the ability of intracellular CD154 expression to assess antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells with that of accepted standard assays, namely intracellular cytokine IFN-${\gamma}$ staining (ICS) and MHC class I tetramer staining. The detection of intracellular CD154 molecules in the presence of Bref A reflected the kinetic trend of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cell number, but unfortunately showed less sensitivity than ICS and tetramer staining. However, ICS levels peaked and saturated 8 h after antigenic stimulation in the presence of Bref A and then declined, whereas intracellular CD154 expression peaked by 8 h and maintained the saturated level up to 24 h post-stimulation. Moreover, intracellular CD154 expression in antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells developed in the absence of $CD4^+\;T$ cells changed little, whereas the number of IFN-${\gamma}$-producing $CD8^+\;T$ cells decreased abruptly. These results suggest that intracellular CD154 could aid the assessment of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells, but does not have as much ability to identify heterogeneous $CD4^+\;T$ helper cells. Therefore, the combined analytical techniques of ICS and tetramer staining together with intracellular CD154 assays may be able to provide useful information on the accurate phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific $CD8^+\;T$ cells.

Effects of Weaning and Spatial Enrichment on Behavior of Turkish Saanen Goat Kids

  • Tolu, Cemil;Gokturk, Semra;Savas, Turker
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제29권6호
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    • pp.879-886
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    • 2016
  • As is in all economic activities, the highest yield per unit area is the main goal in animal production, while addressing the temperamental needs of animals often is ignored. Animal welfare is not only an ethical fact; it also has an economic value. Spatial environmental enrichment contributes positively to animal welfare by addressing their behavioral and mental requirements. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of weaning and spatial environmental arrangements on behaviors of goat-kids. Experimental groups were arranged in structured and unstructured spatial environments. Roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge, and wood block were placed in the structured environment. No equipment was placed in the unstructured environment and paddock sides were enclosed with an iron sheet to prevent bipedal stance and to provide environmental isolation. In the study 10 male and 10 female Turkish Saanen goat kids were used in each group. Spatial environmental arrangements did not have significant impacts on the growth performance of kids (p>0.05). All objects in the structured group were accepted by the kids. Average use ratios of roughage feeder, semi-automatic concentrate feeder, bunk, bridge and wood block were observed as 19.3%, 14.0%, 12.6%, 3.8%, and 0.7%, respectively. There were significant differences between before- and after-weaning in use of all objects except for underneath bridge ($p{\leq}0.05$). Concentrate feed consumption, locomotion, and resting behaviors in kids showed significant differences by structural group and growth period. Roughage consumption was similar between groups, while it differed by growth period ($p{\leq}0.05$). Interaction frequency was significantly higher in structured group (p = 0.0023). Playing behavior significantly differentiated based on the growth period rather than on groups ($p{\leq}0.05$). Playing behavior significantly decreased after weaning. Abnormal oral activity was significantly higher in the structured group before weaning ($p{\leq}0.05$). Despite there being no installations facilitating climbing and bipedal stance, the kids of the unstructured group were able to exhibit 1/3 as much bipedal stance behavior as the kids of the structured group through leaning over slippery paddock wall or over their groupmates. Bipedal stance behavior of unstructured group was similar before and after weaning, while bipedal stance behavior before weaning was about 2 times that of after weaning in structured group. It was concluded that unstructured environmental arrangement limited the behavior repertoire of the goat kids.

온라인 사회운동의 연구동향 (A Critical Review on the Study of Online Social Movements)

  • 김용철;윤성이
    • 정보화정책
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.3-22
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    • 2011
  • 온라인 사회운동 연구에 있어 가장 근본적인 관심사는 인터넷의 확산이 기존 사회운동에 어떤 변화를 가져올 것인가라는 점이다. 연구자들의 관심은 우선 인터넷이 초래하는 운동의 주체와 전략에 대한 변화양상이다. 인터넷의 출현 이후, 지리적으로 산재된 개인들의 수평적 네트워크 혹은 개별 네트워크들이 연합한 네트워크가 운동의 주체로 활동하는 새로운 현상을 낳았다. 또한 일부 연구자들은 인터넷과 사회운동의 결합으로 인해 나타난 '새로운 집단행동 전술 및 전략'에 주목하였다. 온라인 사회운동의 증가는 자원동원, 집단정체성, 그리고 정치적 기회구조 등에 관한 기존 사회운동 이론에 있어도 새로운 해석을 요구하고 있다. 인터넷이 사회운동에 미친 영향, 그리고 그로 인한 변화양상에 대해서는 여전히 많은 논쟁이 진행 중이다. 초기 사이버 낙관론과 회의론 간의 논쟁은 물론이고, 이후 중범위적 시각에서 진행된 연구들 역시 인터넷의 영향력에 대해 서로 다른 입장을 보이고 있다. 이는 무엇보다 온라인 사회운동의 역사가 불과 10여년 밖에 되지 않아 충분한 사례연구와 데이터 축적이 이루어지지 않았기 때문이다. 향후에는 기술진화에 따른 온라인 사회운동의 변화와 비교연구에 더 많은 관심을 둘 필요가 있다. 또한 연구의 시각을 사회운동 내부에만 초점을 둘 것이 아니라 정치체제의 차원으로 확장해, 온라인 사회운동이 정치적 매개집단 그리고 나아가 민주주의 모델에 미치는 영향에 대해 분석할 필요가 있다.

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연우무대 창작극의 변천과 특성 (History and Characteristics of Original Play of Yeonwoo Stage)

  • 신사빈
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.47-60
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    • 2015
  • 연우무대 창작극은 '연극 연구'의 태동 초창기, '연극 운동'의 저항 성장기, '현실 빗대기'의 전성 분화기, '현실 재발견'의 위기 개변기, '레퍼토리 활성화'의 도전 약진기 등의 시대 변천을 거듭한다. 태동 초창기와 저항 성장기에는 1인 대표체제에 의한 '집단 창작'이, 전성 분화기와 위기 개변기에는 5인 집단체제 2인 이원체제 5인 운영위원회체제 등에 의한 '공동 작업'이, 도전 약진기에는 1인 프로듀서체제에 의한 '기획 제작'이, 각각 시대 상황 극단 위기 자원 결핍을 극복하는 방책이 되었다. '집단 창작'은 연출이 주도하는 극단원 전체의 규모로, '공동 작업'은 (극작 겸)연출이 주도하는 공연진 공동의 규모로, '기획 제작'은 프로듀서가 주도하는 대내외 편성의 규모로, 각각 꾸려졌다. 이러한 창작극 개발의 긴 여정을 통하여 ${\triangle}$한국적 서사의 확장 ${\triangle}$집단적 창작의 계승 ${\triangle}$시대적 흐름의 수용과 대중적 공감의 시도 등의 특성을 구축하였다.