• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.49-54
• /
• 2006

Purpose : To evaluate accuracy and reliability of program to measure facial soft tissue thickness using 3D computed tomographic images by comparing with direct measurement. Materials and Methods : One cadaver was scanned with a Helical CT with 3 mm slice thickness and 3 mm/sec table speed. The acquired data was reconstructed with 1.5 mm reconstruction interval and the images were transferred to a personal computer. The facial soft tissue thickness were measured using a program developed newly in 3D image. For direct measurement, the cadaver was cut with a bone cutter and then a ruler was placed above the cut side. The procedure was followed by taking pictures of the facial soft tissues with a high-resolution digital camera. Then the measurements were done in the photographic images and repeated for ten times. A repeated measure analysis of variance was adopted to compare and analyze the measurements resulting from the two different methods. Comparison according to the areas was analyzed by Mann-Whitney test. Results : There were no statistically significant differences between the direct measurements and those using the 3D images (p>0.05). There were statistical differences in the measurements on 17 points but all the points except 2 points showed a mean difference of 0.5 mm or less. Conclusion : The developed software program to measure the facial soft tissue thickness using 3D images was so accurate that it allows to measure facial soft tissues thickness more easily in forensic science and anthropology.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.71-75
• /
• 2012

본 연구는 한우 암소 초음파 측정자료 특징을 알아보고, 측정형질에 대한 유전모수를 추정하여 육질 또는 육량 개량을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었으며, 2001년부터 2009년까지 한국종축개량협회에 의해 측정된 한우 암소 36,893두를 이용하였고, 그 중 반복기록이 있는 개체는 7,913두였다. 유전모수 추정을 위하여 반복개체모형을 이용하였으며, 유전모수 추정에는 REMLF90 (Miztal, 2001)을 이용하였다. 유전모수 추정모형의 설정을 위하여 흉위, 영양도 및 초음파 측정치에 대한 출생년도, 출생계절, 측정년도, 측정계절, 측정지역, 측정연령 등의 환경효과를 추정하였다. 반복개체모형으로 추정된 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께 및 근내지방도에 대한 유전력이 각각 0.31, 0.38, 0.27로 나타났고, 다형질개체모형으로 추정한 유전력은 각각 0.02, 0.09, 0.07로 낮게 추정되었다. 반복개체모형을 이용한 반복력은 배최장근단면적, 등지방두께, 근내지방도가 각각 0.46, 0.57, 0.39로 나타났다. 분석모형 간의 추정치의 차이를 비교 할 때 반복모형에서의 유전력과 반복력이 높게 추정되었다. 따라서 반복형질 값을 가진 형질들의 측정치를 표준화하여 한우암소개량을 위한 기초자료로 활용된다면 유전능력평가와 개량사업 비용절감에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제54권1호
• /
• pp.8-13
• /
• 2016

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 두 가지(스프링형, 마찰형) 종류의 기계식 임플란트 토크 렌치를 2000회의 반복 사용과 100회의 멸균과정 후 그들의 정확도를 평가하는 것이다. 재료 및 방법: 각기 다른 5개 제조사의 스프링형, 마찰형 기계식 임플란트 토크 렌치가 각 15개씩, 총 30개 사용되었다. 디지털 토크 측정기(MGT-12, Mark-10 Corp, USA)를 이용하여 토크값을 실험 전 최초 측정 후 각 토크 렌치를 같은 조건(목표 토크 값까지 20회씩 반복 사용 후 멸균봉투에 포장하여 고압증기 멸균 시행)으로 100회 반복 시행하였다. 그 후 다시 토크값을 측정하여 비교하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 통계분석 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였고 오차율을 계산하였다. Mann-Whitney-U test를 이용하여 실험군 사이의 유의성을 분석하였다(P<.05). 결과: 스프링형 토크 렌치는 실험 전후로 토크값의 유의할만한 차이를 보이지 않았다(P>.05). 반면에 마찰형 토크 렌치는 실험 전후로 토크값의 유의할만한 차이를 나타내었으며(P<.05), 10% 이상의 오차율이 모두 마찰형 토크 렌치에서 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구의 제한된 실험 조건하에서 스프링형 토크 렌치가 마찰형 토크 렌치보다 사용횟수와 멸균과정을 고려했을 때 더욱 신뢰성이 높은 정확도를 보였다.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.133-147
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To investigate the reproducibilities and compare the measurements in digital and MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph, and to investigate the effect of head position on the measurement during imaging with MDCT. Materials and Methods : Twenty-two dry skulls (combined with mandible) were used in this study. Conventional digital cephalometric radiograph was taken in standard position, and MDCT was taken in standard position and two rotated position ($10^{\circ}$ left rotation and $10^{\circ}$ right tilting). MDCT data were imported in $OnDemand^{(R)}$ and lateral cephalometric radiograph were synthesized from 3D virtual models. Two types of rotated MDCT data were synthesized with default mode and with corrected mode using both ear rods. For all six images, sixteen angular and eleven linear measurements were made in V-$Ceph^{(R)}$ three times. Reproducibility of measurements was assessed using repeated measures ANOV A and ICC. Linear and angular measurements were compared between digital and five MDCT-synthesized images by Student t-test. Results : All measurements in six types of cephalometric radiograph were not statistically different under ICC examination. Measurements were not different between digital and MDCT-synthesized images (P>.05). Measurements in MDCT-synthesized image in $10^{\circ}$ left rotation or $10^{\circ}$ right tilting position showed possibility of difference from digital image in some measurements, and possibility of improvement via realignment of head position using both ear rods. Conclusion : MDCT-synthesized cephalometric radiograph can substitute conventional cephalometric radiograph. The error on head position during imaging with MDCT have possibility that can produce measurement errors with MDCT-synthesized image, and these position error can be corrected by realignment of the head position using both ear rods.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.136-143
• /
• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of the lavender fragrance on sleep and depression in women college students, Method: Forty-two women college students who complained of insomnia were studied during a four-weekprotocol( control treatment week, $60\%$ lavender fragrance treatment week, washout week, $100\%$ lavender fragrance treatment week), All subjects were in the department of nursing in 'K' college and the study was a single blind repeated measurements experiment For the duration of the study, weekly evaluations of sleep, patterns of sleep disturbance, severity of insomnia scale, self satisfaction with sleep, and severity of depression were performed. Result: Among sleep variables, length of time taken to fall asleep, severity of insomnia, and self satisfaction with sleep were improved for the $60\%$(p=.000, p=.000, p=.000) and $100\%$(p=.000, p=.000, p=.000) week while the severity of depression was improved only for the $100\%$(p=.002)week. Conclusion: According to the study results, it can be concluded that the lavender fragrance had a beneficial effect on insomnia and depression in women college students. Repeated studies are needed to confirm effective proportions of lavender oil and carrier oil for insomnia and depression.

• 대한통합의학회지
• /
• 제2권3호
• /
• pp.31-37
• /
• 2014

Purpose : Delayed onset muscle soreness(DOMS) is a common problem that can interfere with rehabilitation as well as activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of both trascutaneous electrical nerve stimulation(TENS) Micro current(MC) and only normal Therapy on Delyed Onset Muscle Soreness(DOMS). Method : The Methods ten untrained and male volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: 1) a group that received TENS (60Hz) MC($60{\mu}A$, 3pps) a control group that received no MC treatment. Subjects performed repeated eccentric exercise of the non-dominant forearm flexor muscle with submaximal intensity by the simply designed eccentric exercise devices. Treatments were applied after 24hours and 48hours. Subjects attended on two consecutive days for treatment and measurement of paining(visual analogue scale: VAS) and CK(Creatine kinase) on a daily basis. Measurements were taken after treatment. Results : 1) There were no significant differences between TENS and MENS by two-way repeated ANOVA. The Results that t-test for VAS revealed significant differences within TENS group. 3) The t-test for VAS, and Creatine Kinase of time revealed significant differences within MC group. Conclusion : These findings suggest that both TENS and MENS had effect on DOMS.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.55-67
• /
• 2007

Objectives : The repeatability and reproducibility of MIR-2, a newly developed impedance measurement device (four electrode method) on skin are of the meridian system, is evaluated and a method to improve the reliability is discussed. Methods : Multiple gage R&R studies were conducted for the impedance measurements over bilateral KI3 acupoint in ten participants by three assessors using MIR-2 device. Gage R&R studies were repeated after controlling the acupoint locating method or one value correction by replacing one assessor's outlying value with an average of the other assessors' values to explore any feasibility of improvement of measurement reliability. Results : Controlling acupoint locating method and replacing one value with an average of other assessors' value led to improved variation metrics in a gage R&R study. Conclusions : Measurement reliability can be improved by controlling measurement procedures or by using repeated measurement method, which will facilitate development of clinically applicable measurement device with reliability.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.73-81
• /
• 2013

The present work has been devoted to the catalytic reduction of $N_2O$ by $H_2$ with $Pt/SiO_2$ catalysts at very low temperatures, such as $110^{\circ}C$, and their nanoparticle sizes have been determined by using $H_2-N_2O$ titration, X-ray diffraction(XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM) measurements. A sample of 1.72% $Pt/SiO_2$, which had been prepared by an ion exchange method, consisted of almost atomic levels of Pt nanoparticles with 1.16 nm that are very consistent with the HRTEM measurements, while a $Pt/SiO_2$ catalyst possessing the same Pt amount via an incipient wetness technique did 13.5 nm particles as determined by the XRD measurements. These two catalysts showed a noticeable difference in the on-stream $deN_2O$ activity maintenance profiles at $110^{\circ}C$. This discrepancy was associated with the nanoparticle sizes, i.e., the $Pt/SiO_2$ catalyst with the smaller particle size was much more active for the $N_2O$ reduction. When repeated measurements of the $N_2O$ reduction with the 1.16 nm Pt catalyst at $110^{\circ}C$ were allowed, the catalyst deactivation occurred, depending somewhat on regeneration excursions.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.7-13
• /
• 2017

Background: To evaluate the effect of Kinesio taping applied on the ankle instability, joint range of motion and balance. Methods: The participants included in this study were male and female, 20~30 ages, who experiencing an ankle sprain or had chronic pain, did not exercise during the intervention, and did not experience severe exercise at least 3 weeks before. A total of twenty-four participants were divided into two groups: Kinesio taping applied group (n=12) and control group (n=12). The experiment was conducted for a three days. Measurements were taken for ankle joint range of motion using goniometer, and measurements were taken for balance using good balance system. Pre-test measurements were conducted on before Kinesio taping apply, and 24 hours after, 48 hours after, 72 hours after measurements were conducted. Statistical analysis was done using a independent samples t-test and repeated measure ANOVA. Results: There were significant differences to the duration of intervention in ankle joint range of motion and balance within the both group. However, there was a significant differences Kinesio taping group when comparing the groups. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, applying Kinesio taping to ankle instability is more effective on ankle joint range of motion and to recover balance.

• 대한치과교정학회지
• /
• 제48권3호
• /
• pp.133-142
• /
• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in three-dimensional (3D) morphology of the hard palate between Korean adults with and without mild-to-moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) using cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) data. Methods: The protocol for the two-dimensional (2D) and 3D mathematical modeling was established by analyzing CBCT images of 30 adults with OSA and 30 matched controls without OSA, using MIMICS software. The linear and angular measurements were also determined using this software. The measurements were repeated for 30 palates, by the same operator, to assess reliability. Results: The palates of OSA patients were higher in the posterior part and narrower in the anterior-superior part than those of the control group (p < 0.05). The nasal cavities of patients with OSA were narrower (p < 0.05) than those of controls. The increasing angle of the first molar palatal root is a compensation of the upper dental arch to improve occlusion. However, for most palatal measurements, there were no significant differences between the OSA and control groups (p > 0.05). The results of 2D and 3D mathematical models were consistent for linear and angular measurements, indicating that 2D and 3D mathematical modeling of the palate is a reliable methodology. Conclusions: OSA is a multifactorial disease; the palates of adults with mild-to-moderate OSA do not have specific morphological features distinct from those of healthy controls.