• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.155-165
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to evaluate compatability of seismic source characteristics of the Kern County earthquake to those of Korean Peninsula seismotectonics. The compatability could be used to make Korean type response spectrum from the strong ground motions observed from the assingned earthquake. The July 21, 1952, Kern County, California, earthquake is the largest earthquake to occur in the western U.S. since 1906, and the repeat of this event poses a significant seismic hazard. The Kern County event was a complex thrusting event, with a surface rupture pattern that varied from pure leftlateral strike-slip to pure dip-slip. A time dependent moment tensor inversion was applied to ten observed teleseismic long-period body waves to investigate the source complexity. Since a conventional moment tensor inversion(constant geometry through time) returns a non-double-couple source when the seismic source changes(fault orientation and direction of slip) with time, we are required to use the time dependent moment tensor which allows a first-order mapping of the geometric and temporal complexity. From the moment tensor inversion, a two-point seismic source model with significant overlap for the White Wolf fault, which propagates upward(20 km to 5 km) from SW to NE, fits most of the observed seismic waveforms in the least squares sense. Comparison of P, T and B axes of focal mechanisms and focal depths suggests that seismic source characteristics of the Kern County earthquake is consistant with those of Korean Peninsula Seismotectonics.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.299-307
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• 2013

A radish (Raphanus sativus L.) polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) gene was cloned and compared to the PGIP gene (BrPGIP2) from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) in order to gain more information on controlling a disease and improving produce quality. To clone the radish PGIP gene, primers were designed based on conserved sequences of two PGIP genes (BnPGIP1 and BnPGIP2) from rape (B. napus L. ssp. oleifera), Chinese cabbage and Arabidopsis thaliana. PCR cloning was performed with cDNA from the stigma of radish 'Daejinyeoreum' as a template to confirm DNA fragments which were about 600 base pair in size. Sequence analysis revealed 84.1% homology with BrPGIP2 and 70.1% with BnPGIP1. DNA walking was conducted to confirm the open reading frame of 972 bp, and the gene was named RsPGIP1. RsPGIP1 consisting with 323 amino acids (aa) has a high leucine content (54/323) and contains 10 leucine-rich repeat domains, as do most BrPGIPs of Chinese cabbage. The gene expression of RsPGIP1 was induced by abiotic stresses and methyl jasmonate. It showed enrichment in the stigma and the primary root than a leaf. Cloning RsPGIP1 will aid to further apply practices on postharvest quality maintenance and disease control of the root.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1225-1234
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• 2010

When most examining judges deny the request for an arrest warrant, they cite (as a reason) that there is no worry about escape or the destruction of evidence. Consequently, there has been no knowing what characteristics of a crime mainly affect the decision for an arrest warrant and there has been significant dispute about the exact decision criteria used for an arrest warrant. This paper classified the data about the request of arrest warrants for crimes committed in the jurisdiction of the Jinju Public Prosecutors' Office in 2006, 2007 and 2008, into 7 categories according to characteristics of the crimes. For each category we construct a statistical model about the decision on arrest warrants by applying a crosstabulation analysis in order to look for the characteristic of crime that affect the decision for an arrest warrant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.337-343
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• 2000

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), transactivator of transcription (Tat), is one of the viral gene products that is essential for HIV-1 replication. The HIV-l Tat protein regulates transcription from an HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) and affects the gene expression of cellular proteins during infection. In order to develop an expression system to overexpress and simply purify HIV-1 Tat proteins, the HIV-1 Tat coding sequences that contain one or two exons were amplified using PCR and cloned into a pET vector, which contains a consecutive stretch of six histidine residues at the amino-terminus. The reconstituted vectors were overexpressed in the E. coli strain and the soluble recombinant proteins were purified to be homogeneity in a single step by $Ni^{+2}-nitrilotriacetic$ acid Sepharose chromatography under nondenaturing conditions. Recombinant HIV-1 Tat proteins were shown to transactivate the HIV-1 LTR promoter in a dose-dependent manner when introduced into mammalian cells. In addition, treatment of human endothelial cells with purified Tat proteins resulted in a significant increase in the level of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) expression. These results indicate that the recombinant HIV-1 Tat proteins are active in transactivating viral and cellular promoters. The expression and purification system described in this study will facilitate in characterizing the biological functions of the Tat proteins.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.2292-2299
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• 2010

The wear and abrasion mechanism of conventional PET/Cotton fabric which is used as a lining layer for thermotherapy massager was elaborately investigated in order to increase the life-span of the fabrics for Thermotherapy Massager. Based on the destruction mechanism, the feasible PET fabrics were prepared and its anti-wearing performance was evaluated. It is revealed that the wearing destruction is mainly caused by the repeat abrasion on a specific part of folded fabric as well as abrasion itself. Therefore, it is necessary that the prevention of fabric folding while massager is running is essential and the recovery from the crease on a fabric is also necessary to solve this problem. Covered elastic yarn, high twisted yarn, change of fabric structure or different fiber were utilized to prepare the possible alternatives. As a result, the anti-wearing performance of the fabrics are greatly improved to have about 2 times and 1.5 times longer life-span for the fabric with covered elastic yarn and high twisted yarn, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-103
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• 2001

The bone is composed of the bone matrix of collagen and hydroxyapatite, the mixture of calcium and phosphours. The bone tissue is considered to the special connective tissue that possesses extracellular matrix made by collagen fiber deposited with mineral complex. In order to maintain bone mass measured by the sum of bone matrix and hydroxyapatite, bone resorption by osteoclast during lifetime and bone remodeling to form bone by osteoblast in its resorption region repeat continuously. The osteoblast has a mesodermic fetal origin like fibroblast for the formation of form tissues. Two cells express identical genes and synthesize the identical collagen type I as the major component of the formation of bone matrix and skin. Therefore, it is considered that the decrease of skinfold thickness and the decrease of bone mass related to the age, the change of two tissues composed of collagen type I is caused by the same genetic mechanism. The decrease of bone mass is caused by the change of the amount and structure of bone matrix by several factors and the amount of minerals deposited on bone matrix. Especially, in case of female, the deficiency of estrogen by menopause makes these changes rapidly increased. The decrease of bone mass and skinfold thickness is due to the decrease of the amount of collagen and its structural change the common component of bone tissue and skin tissue. Therefore, the relationship of the amount of cross-linked peptide N-telopeptide, collagen metabolite which excretes as urine. Based upon the proved results about the significant relationship of bone mass, the amount of bone collagen, the amount of skin collagen and skinfold thickness, the bone mass may be expected through a facile determination of skinfold thickness.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2004

Purpose: This study observed the changes in the telomerase activity, it's developmental regulation, PCNA expression, and their correlation in rat's upper digestive organs during growth and aging. Materials and Methods: Upper digestive organs(buccal mucosa, gingiva, palate, submandibular and parotid glands, and tongue) were aseptically removed from Sprague-Dawley rats of fetal(gestational 20 days), growing(1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 weeks after birth) and adult(12 week old). Samples for telomerase activity were frozen on liquid nitrogen immediately after sacrifice, and stored until the use at $-75^{\circ}C$ in order to measure it. Telomerase activity was measured by a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplication protoco(TRAP) assay and quantitated with Photometric Telo TAGGG Telomerase PCR ELISA plus(Roche Diagnostics GmbH. Mannheim. Germany). PCNA expression were measured immunohistochemistry with anti PCNA Ab-1, Clone PC10(NeoMark. California. USA). Results: 1. Telomerase activities in buccal mucosa, palate and gingiva were the highest in fetus and decreased gradually or rapidly after birth and then diminished, but In salivary gland and tongue were the highest in fetus and also high at 1 week and then decreased rapidly. 2. PCNA expression in buccal mucosa, gingiva, Tongue and salivary gland was the highest in fetus and decreased gradually and then diminished. but only in palate decreased rapidly after birth and then diminished. Conclusion: The highest telomerase activity of embryonic stage decreased rapidly after birth in rat's upper digestive organs. There may be a developmental regulation of telomerase activity, but not a tissue-specific. This telomerase activity seems correlated closely with PCNA expression in rat's upper digestive system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.57-57
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• 2017

Chrysanthemum is one of the most important floral crop in Korea produced about 7 billion dollars (1 billion for pot and 6 billion for cutting) in 2013. However, it is difficult to breed and to do genetic study because 1) it is highly self-incompatible, 2) it is outcrossing crop having heterozygotes, and 3) commercial cultvars are hexaploid (2n = 6x = 54). Although low-density genetic map and QTL study were reported, it is not enough to apply for the marker assisted selection and other genetic studies. Therefore, we are trying to make high-density genetic mapping using GBS with about 100 $F_1s$ of C. boreale that is oHohhfd diploid (2n = 2x = 18, about 2.8Gb) instead of commercial culitvars. Since Chrysanthemum is outcrossing, two-way pseudo-testcross model would be used to construct genetic map. Also, genotype-by-sequencing (GBS) would be utilized to generate sufficient number of markers and to maximize genomic representation in a cost effective manner. Those completed sequences would be analyzed with TASSEL-GBS pipeline. In order to reduce sequence error, only first 64 sequences, which have almost zero percent error, would be incorporated in the pipeline for the analysis. In addition, to reduce errors that is common in heterozygotes crops caused by low coverage, two rare cutters (NsiI and MseI) were used to increase sequence depth. Maskov algorithm would also used to deal with missing data. Further, sparsely placed markers on the physical map would be used as anchors to overcome problems caused by low coverage. For this purpose, were generated from transcriptome of Chrysanthemum using MISA program. Among those, 10 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which are evenly distributed along each chromosome and polymorphic between two parents, would be selected.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

As developing the medical treatment image portion with the change of these times, PACS, which is able to digitalize image portion data, has a lot of data-based image data. Applying this PACS, we would like to settle down RNSXI(real-name shooting X -ray of inspector) system. We interviewed with P ACS's operators of university hospitals which is using PACS in Seoul about the present conditions whether using of RNSXI or not. And we inquired the RNSXI equipments, applying PACS database, and Interface conditions undertook to do in our hospital. All university hospitals in Seoul are set up the P ACS system. But no hospital use the RNSXI. In our hospital, we can check inspector' name or initials who exposure x-ray with the PACS Viewer by looking over equipments(CR, DR, US, MG, MR, CT) and Interface of the DICOM Header data. However, some equipments like RF and Angio can not check inspector' name or initials. Under the Film/System environment, RNSXI system has been used frequently like that inspector's signature or initial added to a patient data. Though the digital medical treatment was developed, RNSXI system was declined. It is necessary to using RNSXI system in order to improving radiologists' rights, even if it is not under the application of the medical treatment image laws. If RNSXI system use, radiologists should specialize in their major and the Repeat rate should be reduced. In environment of PACS, RNSXI system can be used by linking both the equipments and the Interface with a production enterprise of P ACS. Therefore RNSXI system applying the P ACS datebase should settle down in our medical system for being provided lots of data.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.103-120
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• 2007

The knowledge based economy requires more and more people to learn new knowledge and skills in a timely and effective manner. These needs and new technology such as computer and Internet are fueling a transition in e-learning. According to specialist's opinion, imagination experience studying is generalized, and learning environment that language barrier by studying, multi-language studying Machine that experience past things that disappear through simulation, and travel area, and experience future changed state disappears is forecasting to come. This is previewing finally that it may become future education that education and IT, element of entertainment is combined. Already, became story that argument for party satellite of e-Learning existence passes one season already. e-Learning is utilized already in all educations that we touch by effectiveness by corporation's competitive power improvement and implement of lifelong education in educational institutions through present e-Learning. It is obvious that when see from our viewpoint which is defining e-Learning by one industry and rear by application to education as well as one new growth power about these, e-Learning industry becomes very important means that can solve dilemma of growth real form. Only, special quality of digital industry that e-Learning is being same with other digital industry and repeat putting out a fire rapidly, and is repeating sudden change that these evolution is not gradual growth of accumulation and improvement of technology that is appearing consider need to. In the meantime, we need to observe about evolution of Information Technology. Because there is some scholars who e-Learning's concept foresees to evolve by u-Learning.(although, a person who see that these concept is not more in marketing terminology by some scholars' opinion is). This u-Learning's concept means e-Learning that take advantage of ubiquitous technology as Ubiquitous-Learning's curtailment speech. Ubiquitous, user means Information-Communication surrounding that can connect to network freely regardless of place without feeling network or computer. There is controversy about introduction time regarding these direction, but e-Learning is judged to evolve by u-Learning necessarily. Because keep in step and age that study all contents that learner wants under environment of 3A (any time, any whrer, any device) by individual order thoroughly is foreseen to come in ubiquitous learning environment that approach more festinately.