• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.217.1-217
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.197-202
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• 1994

The present study was aimed to determine if endogenous L-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway has central, rather than peripheral, mechanisms in blood pressure regulation. Arterial blood pressure and heart rate responses to acute inhibition of the t-arginine-NO pathway were examined in rats anesthetized with thiopental (50 mg/kg, IP). An intracerebroventricular (ICV) cannula was placed in the left lateral ventricle. The right femoral artery was cannulated to measure arterial blood pressure and the vein to serve as an infusion route. $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester (L-NAME) was infused either intracerebroventricularly or intravenously. ICV infusion $(1.25\;{\mu}L/min)$ of L-NAME $(20\;or\;100\;{\mu}g/kg)$ per minute for 60 min) increased the mean arterial pressure and heart rate. Plasma renin concentrations(PRC) were significantly lower in L-NAME-infused group than in the control. L-Arginine $(60\;{\mu}g/min,\;ICV)$ prevented the pressor response to ICV L-NAME. The pressor response was not affected by simultaneous intravenous infusion of saralasin, but was abolished by hexamethonium treatment. Intravenous infusion $(40\;{\mu}L/min,\;10{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/kg\;per\;minute\;for\;60\;min)$ also increased blood pressure, while it decreased heart rate. These results indicate that endogenous L-arginine-NO pathway has separate central and peripheral mechanisms in regulating the cardiovascular function. The central effect may not be mediated via activation of renin-angiotensin system, but via, at least in part, activation of the sympathetic outflow.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.165-175
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR 1) Yongcheon(KI1) on the Blood Pressure in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2K1C. Methods : This experiments was to investigate the effects of Herbal-Acupuncture at Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR1) Yongcheon(KIl) on the Blood Pressure, Cardiomegalic index, plasma levels of renin, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP), serum levels of potassium, and serum levels of aldosterone in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2KlC. Results : The results were as follows. I. Blood Pressure was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LR1) Yongcheon(KI1). II. Cardiomegalic index was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1). III. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) was increased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KIl). IV. Plasma levels of renin was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Taebaek(SP3) Sinmun(HT7), Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1). Conclusion : These results suggest that Blood pressure was decreased significantly after Herbal-Acupuncture of Daedon(LRl) Yongcheon(KI1) in Hypertensive RAT induced by 2K1C.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.259-267
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• 1995

The renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the regulation of blood pressure and in body fluid homeostasis. There is increasing evidence for generation of endogenous angiotensin II in many organs and for its role in paracrine functions. Studies were designed to investigate whether hemorrhage produces rapid changes in the gene expression of angiotensinogen in peripheral and brain tissues. Wistar rats received saline drinking water for 7 days, were bled at a rate of $3\;ml\;kg^{-1}\;min^{-1}$ for 7 min, and then decapitated 0, 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr after hemorrhage. Hemorrhage produced a produced hypotension with tachycardia at $2{\pm}8\;hr$, but blood pressure and heart rate had not fully recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. Plasma renin concentration was significantly increased at 2, 4, and 8 hr (maximum sixfold increase at 4 hr) and had returned to the basal level at 24 hr. Renal renin content was significantly increased only at 4 hr after hemorrhage. Angiotensinogen mRNA in both the kidney and liver were stimulated at 2 to 8 hrs, but recovered to the basal level at 24 hr. On the other hand, angiotensinogen mRNA levels il the hypothalamus and brainstem were continuously increased from 2 to 24 hrs. The present study demonstrates the presence of angiotensinogen mRNA in both hepatic and extrahepatic tissues, and more importantly, their up-regulation after hemorrhage. These results suggest that the angiotensinogen-generating systems in the liver, kideny and brain are, at least in part, under independent control and play a local physiological role.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.409-416
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• 2001

In order to evaluate the effect of habitual Na and Ca intake on blood pressure regulation, we measured the habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca, urinary excretion of Ca, Na and K, and plasma level of renin activity, aldosterone, and indices of Ca metabolism in 27 untreated hypertensive women and 30 age-matched normal women on a free diet. Hypertensive and total subjects were divided into four groups according to habitual dietary intakes of Na and Ca as low Na-low Ca(LNLC), low Na-high Ca(LNHC), high Na-low Ca(HNLC), and high Na-high Ca(HNHC). HNLC hypertensive group showed the lowest level of plasma renin activity, 25-(OH) Vit D$_3$, calcitonin and serum total Ca, and presented the highest level of PTH and urinary excretions of Na/K and Ca/Cr. There were no significant difference in plasma level of aldosterone and urinary excretion of Na and K among four hypertensive groups. When all subjects were divided into four groups according to the same method, HNLC group showed the highest level of blood pressure with no statistical significance and the lowest level of calcitonin and total serum Ca. The above results indicated that renin-aldosterone system and Ca regulating hormone has a mutual relationship in hypertension. Na and Ca may interact each other, rather than affecting independently blood pressure control. As a result, considering the fact that daily balance of Na and Ca intakes affects Na and Ca regulating hormones and urinary excretion of Na and Ca, it may be involved in blood pressure control. These results suggest that maintaining an adequate intake of Ca with less intake of Na may prevent from the risk of hypertension. (Korean J Nutrition 34(4) : 409~416, 2001)

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.214-222
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• 1997

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Croton. Tiglii. semen water extract on the renal function, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of atrial natriuretiu peptide and aldosterone in rats. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Water balance was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 2. Urine volume decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $40{\mu}l/200g$, but decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 4. Urinary excretion of potassium decreased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract $80{\mu}l/200g$. 5. Urinary excretion of chloride was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 6. Free water clearance was not changed significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 7. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Croton Tiglii semen $40{\mu}l/200g$. 8. Plasma renin activity was not changed significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 9. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide increased significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen water extract. 10. Plasma levels of aldosterone increased significantly after administration of Croton Tiglii semen $40{\mu}l/200g$.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.349-357
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• 1998

The aim of this experiments was to investigate the effect of Semen Plantaginis extract on. the renal function, plasma renin activity, plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide and aldosterone in rats. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1ml/200g. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1 ml/200 g, 2week. 4. Urinary excretion of potassium decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.1 ml/200 g, 2week. 5. Urinary excretion of chloride decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 6. Free water clearance increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract 0.1 ml/200 g, 2 week and 0.2 ml/200 g. 7. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 8. Plasma renin activity decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract, 0.2 ml/200 g. 9. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract. 10. Plasma levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) decreased significantly after the administration of Semen Plantaginis extract.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2002

Genetic polymorphisms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) have been associated with hypertension in various ethnic groups, but no relation between these polymorphisms and hypertension has yet been systematically evaluated. To assess the relationship between allelic variation of RAS genes and hypertension, we performed the case-control studies using genetic markers in Korean normotensives and hypertensives. The allele and genotype frequencies of RAS genes in Korean population were not significantly different between normotensives and hypertensives. To investigate the distribution of allele frequencies among various populations, the data obtained in this study were compared to those in other ethnic groups studied previously. Except for T174M polymorphism of angiotensinogen (AGT) gene, allele frequencies of RAS genes were different among racial groups. The reason for these differences may be due to the difference in various genetic or environmental background or due to the effects by various sample size studied. In addition, it can be emphasized that carefully designed studies are required to minimize the ethnic heterogeneity of the case and control populations.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.103-124
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• 1986

Since it has been suggested that atrial receptor may be involved in the mechanism of extracellular volume regulation, it was shown that the granularity of atrial cardiocytes can be changed by water and salt depletion, and that an extract of cardiac atrial tissue, when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, was shown to cause a large and rapid increase in renal excretion of sodium. Various natriuretic peptides were isolated and synthetized, and the effects were investigated by many workers. Most studies, however, have been carried out under anesthesia and there have teen some controversies over direct effect of the factor on the renal function. Therefore, it was attempted in this study to access the effects of an atrial extract and a synthetic natriuretic factor in unanesthetized rabbits. Intrarenal arterial infusion of atrial extract caused a rapid increase of urinary volume and excretion of sodium. Glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow were both increased with no change in filtration fraction. The ventricular extract produced no change in urinary excretion of electrolytes, nor in renal hemodynamics. Intrarenal infusion of synthetic atrial natriuretic factor caused increases of renal excretory rate of sodium, chloride and potassium, and $FE_{Na}$. Glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow increased. And free water clearance also increased. Accentuated excretory function correlated well with increased glomerular filtration rate and renal plasma flow during infusion and for 10 minutes following the cessation of the infusion. Renin secretion rate decreased during constant infusion of atrial natriuretic factor. However, no correlation was found with the changes in glomerular filtration rate, renal plasma flow, or urinary excretion of sodium. These results suggest that atrial extract or atrial natriuretic factor induces changes in renal hemodynamics, as in excretion of electrolytes either indirectly through hemodynamic changes or directly by inhibiting tubular reabsorption. At the same time, renin secretory function is affected by the factor possibly through an unknown mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.624-632
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• 2000

Nutrition related factors were investigated in one hundred and two hypertensive patients(Male : 44, female : 58) before they started drug treatment or diet therapy. The mean age of men and women were 49.9 and 53.5, respectively. Among the men, their mean SBP and DBP were 165.8 mmHg/108.4 mmHg. Fifty six point eight percent of men was classified as having in stage 3 hypertension(SBP $\geq$ 180 mmHg, or DBP $\geq$ 110 mmHg) and 45.5% was classified as having low renin hypertension (serum renin < 2.5 ng/ml/h). The proportion of overweight or obesity assessed by BMI($\geq$ 25) or body fat percent( $\geq$ 21%) was 47.7% or 80.9%, respectively. Men showed 19.1% of hypertriglyceridemia(serum TG $\geq$ 200 mg/dl), 42.6% of hypercholesterolemia(serum cholesterol $\geq$ 220 mg/dl), and 17.0% was observed as having serum cholesterol higher than 240 mg/dl. The proportion of men with high risk of cardiovascular disease was 72.3% assessed by atherogenic index( $\geq$3.4). The prevalence of drinking was 86.4% including a daily drinking proportion of 15.8%. Among women, their mean SBP and DBP were 162.6 mmHg/104.3 mmHg. Less women(43.1%) were classified as having stage 3 hypertension and more women were observed in low renin hypertension(55.1%). The prevalence of obesity or overweight assessed by BMI( $\geq$ 25) was 31.0% and 76.3% with body At percent($\geq$28%). Women revealed 24.1% of hypertriglyceridemia and 36.2% of hypercholesterolemia. The proportion of women who showed high risk of cardiovascular disease(atherogenic index $\geq$ 3.4) was 63.8%. The smoking rate was 8.6% and drinking rate was 43.1%.