• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.641-647
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• 2014

당뇨 모델 쥐에서 매생이 추출물과 그 지표물질인 pheophorbide A의 신장 보호 효과를 확인하였다. 5주령의 SD 랫드를 일주일간 순화시킨 뒤 40 mg/kg BW의 농도로 streptozotocin을 복강 투여하였으며, 한달 동안의 유도기간을 거쳐 모든 당뇨 유발군에서 혈당이 400-500 mg/dL가 된 것을 확인한 이후 9주 동안의 샘플 투여를 진행하였다. 신장 손상과 관련한 혈액 생화학적 지표인 BUN, creatinine에서는 당뇨 유발군 사이에 개선되는 경향을 보이진 않았다. 신장 조직에서 산화스트레스에 의해 유발되는 지질 과산화물을 측정 하였을 때 당뇨 유발군인 STZ군($0.19{\pm}0.04$)은 정상 대조군인 Con군($0.05{\pm}0.00$)에 비하여 3.5배 많은 MDA를 생성하였지만 매생이 추출물 4, 20 mg/kg BW투여한 CL, CH군은 MDA의 생성량이 $0.05{\pm}0.02$, $0.08{\pm}0.02$, 지표물질인 pheophorbide A를 0.2 mg/kg BW을 투여한 PhA군은 0.12{\pm}0.01 nmol/mg protein로 샘플 투여군에서 과산화물이 유의적으로 감소하는 것으로 보아(p<0.05) CFE와 PhA의 항산화 작용을 확인할 수 있었다. 항산화 바이오 마커인 GSH와 GSSH 함량 및 GPx, GR, GST 활성을 측정한 결과 CFE와 PhA는 산화스트레스에 의한 신장 조직의 GSH 함량이 감소하는 것을 막아 당뇨로 인한 신장 손상에 보호 효과가 있는 것을 확인하였다(p<0.05). 또한 STZ에 유도된 당뇨 쥐의 신장 조직엔 많은 양의 과산화물이 축적되어 있으며 이를 소거하기 위해 GPx의 활성이 높아졌는데, AC군과 PhA군에서 GPx 의 증가 정도를 유의적으로 완화시켰다(p<0.05). GR 활성은 CL, CH, PhA군에서 Con군 수준까지 올라오는 것으로 보아 신장의 산화적 손상을 정상수준까지 회복 시키는 것으로 보였으며, GST 결과로 미루어 보아 CFE와 PhA는 신장 조직에서 일차적으로 과산화물을 포집하고 GSH를 이용하여 체내의 독성 물질을 분해시켜 STZ로 유도된 당뇨로부터 신장 보호 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, 조직 내에서 SOD와 CAT의 활성 측정 결과, CFE와 PhA는 지질과산화물의 증가로 산화적 손상이 가속화 될 때, 항산화 효소계의 활성을 증가시키고 산화 스트레스에 의한 조직 손상을 완화 시켜 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 신장 조직의 병리학적 관찰 결과 CL, CH 및 PhA군에선 STZ군에 비해 비이상적인 글리코겐의 축적이 유의적으로 저해 되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다(p<0.05). 위와 같은 실험 결과를 통하여 매생이 추출물과 PhA가 당뇨병성 신장 손상에 보호 효과가 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.203-208
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• 2017

고지방식사를 섭취한 쥐의 신장에서 가압볶음 무말랭이 추출물의 산화방지, 항염증 효과를 확인하였다. 실험군은 chow diet와 증류수를 경구 투여하는 NOR group, 고지방식사와 증류수를 경구 투여하는 CON group, 고지방식사와 237 mg/kg bw/day농도의 DR과 RDR를 각각 경구 투여하는 DR group, RDR group으로 나누어 12주간 사육하였다. 신장의 산화스트레스 지표인 ROS, $ONOO^-$, 그리고 지방질과산화물의 농도를 확인한 결과 CON group이 NOR group에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다. 반면 DR group과 RDR group에서 유의적으로 감소하였다. 체내 산화방지 지표인 글루타싸이온의 농도와 산화방지단백질의 발현은 DR group과 RDR group 모두 CON group에 비해 증가하였다. NF-${\kappa}B$ 발현은 CON group이 NOR group에 비해 증가하였으나 DR group과 RDR group은 모두 감소하였다. RDR group은 DR group에 비해 $ONOO^-$ 및 지방질과산화물 농도가 감소하였고 글루타싸이온 농도와 산화방지 관련 단백질 발현 중 Nrf2, HO-1, 카탈레이스, 그리고 GPx가 증가하였고 염증반응 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$의 발현이 낮아졌다. RDR group의 산화스트레스 개선효과는 유의적으로 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 가압볶음무말랭이를 차로 제조하여 섭취할 때 고지방식사로 유도된 신장의 산화스트레스를 억제할 수 있을 것으로 사료되며, 그 효과는 무말랭이보다 높은 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.832-844
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• 2009

Objectives : This study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of the traditional prescription, Taeksa-san(TSS). TSS has generally been used for treating various renal diseases, including renal failure. Methods : Three different dosages of TSS extract were orally administered once a day for 28 days, At the 23rd day after TSS extract treatment, cisplatin was also treated. Then, 5 days after cisplatin treatment, all the rats (6 groups of 8 rats each) were sacrificed. Changes in the body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed with changes on the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100mg/kg, of which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures are already confirmed. Results : Dramatic decrease of body weight, increase of kidney weight, increase of serum BUN and creatinine levels were detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. In addition, marked increase of kidney MDA contents and decrease of kidney GSH contents were also detected in the cisplatin control as compared with the intact control. This means that cisplatin-induced ARF is induced by oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these ARFs and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment with all three different dosages of TSS extracts. Conclusion : This study suggests that TSS extracts show favorable effects on cisplatin-induced rat ARF.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.600-611
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• 2010

Purpose : This study was to observe the nephroprotective effects of the traditional prescription, Opi-san(OPS). OPS has been generally used for treating various edematous renal diseases, including acute renal failure. Methods : Three different dosages of OPS extracts were administered once a day for 28 days (5 mg/kg, single intraperitoneally administered). On the 23rd day after OPS extract treatment, cisplatin was treated. All the rats (6 groups of 8 rats each) were checked as follows. Changes of body weight, kidney weight, serum BUN and creatinine levels were observed, as well as changes to the kidney MDA and GSH contents. The results were compared with captopril 100 mg/kg, of which the effects on cisplatin-induced acute renal failures were already confirmed. Results : Cisplatin-induced ARF were induced by oxidative stress and related lipid peroxidation in the present study. However, these ARF and inhibition of antioxidant effects induced by cisplatin were dose-dependently reduced by treatment of OPS extracts except in the 100 mg/kg treated group. The effects of OPS extracts at 500 mg/kg were similar to those of 100 mg/kg of captopril. Conclusion : This study suggests that OPS extracts 500 mg/kg showed favorable effects on the cisplatin-induced rat's ARF as similar to 100 mg/kg of captopril.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1140-1146
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• 2008

One of the major side effects of cisplatin is nephrotoxicity, leading to acute renal failure. Recent study has suggested a role of hydroxyl radicals and p53 in renal cell injury by cisplatin. This study determined the possible involvement of oxidative stress in p53 activation. In rat mesangial cells, cisplatin treatment induced apoptosis and p53 activation. Pifithrin-$\alpha$, a pharmacological inhibitor of p53, suppressed cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Cisplatin also induced reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation. Of interest, cisplatin-induced apoptosis was prevented by N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC), a general antioxidant. NAC diminished p53 activation during cisplatin treatment. Puerariae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata with antioxidative activity were reduced the cisplatin-induced ROS generation, caspase-3 activity and p53 activation. In conclusion, ROS may contribute to p53 activation to initiate cisplatin-induced apoptosis in rat mesangial cells. In result, antioxidative effect of Puerariae Radix and Rehmanniae Radix Preparata prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of p53 activation.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2007

Objectives : Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Iksujisundan on renal function, peroxynitrite(ONOO-) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods : The crushed Iksujisundan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 87.8g. Iksujisundan extract was orally administreted at 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin(60mg/kg). The effects of Iksujisundan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical(${\cdot}$O2-), nitric oxide(NO) and ONOO-, and also the enzyme activities involved in the polyol pathway. Results : The effects of Iksujisundan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and indulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride lavels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to prevent and cure the diabetes and its complications. Iksujisundan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}$O2-,NO and ONOO- in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward natural activities. Conclusions : Iksujisundan might inhibit the development of diabetes and its complications by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover kidney function.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.517-524
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙을 다양한 실험을 통하여 산화방지 활성을 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼, NO, $O_2{^-}$, ${\cdot}OH$ 라디칼 소거능 실험을 이용하여 유기농 및 일반농 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙의 산화방지 활성을 측정해 본 결과, 모든 시료군에서 높은 라디칼 소거 활성이 나타났다. 또한, 산화적 스트레스에 민감한 LLC-$PK_1$ 세포를 이용하여 유기농 및 일반농 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙의 산화적 스트레스 개선 효과를 살펴본 결과, 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙은 AAPH, SNP, 파이로갈롤과 SIN-1에 의해 유발된 산화적 스트레스(NO, $O_2{^-}$와 $ONOO^-$)에 대한 세포 생존율을 증가시키고, 지질과산화를 억제시켜 라디칼에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대한 개선 효과가 뛰어난 것으로 사료된다. 이상의 결과로부터 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙은 우수한 산화방지 활성과 지질과산화 개선 효과를 나타내어 신선초 녹즙과 돌미나리 녹즙으로부터 산화방지 영양소를 충분히 섭취하는 것이 산화적 손상과 관련된 질병을 예방하는 좋은 방법이 될 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2009

당뇨병성 신병증은 최근 우리나라를 포함한 서구 사회에서는 만성 신부전의 가장 많은 원인 중 하나이며, 꾸준히 증가추세이다. 조직학적으로는, 사구체, 세뇨간질, 소동맥 등 신장의 주요 부위에 병변이 나타나는데, 특징적으로 사구체 기저막의 비후와 족세포의 변화와 함께 사구체 경화, 소동맥의 유리질 경화와 세뇨간질 부위에 섬유화 등이 나타난다. 당뇨병성 신병증은 혈역학적 인자들과 대사성 인자들 간의 복잡한 상호작용의 결과로 일어난다. 고혈당은 혈류역학적 요소로 고혈압과 함께 사구체내압의 증가와 혈관활성물질의 활성화에 함께, 비혈역학적 경로들, 예를 들면, 후기 당화합 최종생성물 생성, 세포 내 신호전달체계와 물질, 시토카인, 산화 스트레스 등 다양한 원인들을 활성화시킨다. 이러한 대사적, 혈류역학적인 인자들은 신장의 알부민 투과성을 증가시키고 세포 외 기질의 축적을 일으키며 결과적으로 증가된 단백뇨, 사구체경화와 세뇨관간질의 섬유화를 일으키게 된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.379-388
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• 2013

Diabetic nephropathy is one of the serious complications in patients with either type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus but current treatments remain unsatisfactory. Results of clinical research studies demonstrate that Panax ginseng can help adjust blood pressure and reduce blood sugar and may be advantageous in the treatment of tuberculosis and kidney damage in people with diabetes. The heat-processing method to strengthen the efficacy of P. ginseng has been well-defined based on a long history of ethnopharmacological evidence. The protective effects of P. ginseng on pathological conditions and renal damage associated with diabetic nephropathy in the animal models were markedly improved by heat-processing. The concentrations of less-polar ginsenosides (20(S)-Rg3, 20(R)-Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1) and maltol in P. ginseng were significantly increased in a heat-processing temperature-dependent manner. Based on researches in animal models of diabetes, ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 and maltol were evaluated to have therapeutic potential against diabetic renal damage. These effects were achieved through the inhibition of inflammatory pathway activated by oxidative stress and advanced glycation endproducts. These findings indicate that ginsenoside 20(S)-Rg3 and maltol are important bioactive constituents of heat-processed ginseng in the control of pathological conditions associated with diabetic nephropathy.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 2023

Thioacetamide (TAA) exposure and hepatitis C virus infection are usually associated with renal dysfunction. Sofosbuvir (SFV) and daclatasvir (DAC) drugs combination has great value in the treatment of hepatitis C. The study aimed to identify the nephrotoxic effects of TAA and to evaluate the ameliorative role of SFV and DAC in this condition. Forty-eight adult male albino rats were divided into eight groups and received saline (control), SFV, DAC, SFV+DAC, TAA, TAA+SFV, TAA+DAC and TAA+SFV+DAC for eight weeks. Kidney and blood samples were retrieved and processed for histological (Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson's trichrome), immunohistochemical (α-smooth muscle actin), and biochemical analysis (urea, creatinine, total protein, albumin, malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor-α). Examination revealed marked destruction of renal tubules on exposure to TAA with either hypertrophy or atrophy of glomeruli, increase in collagen deposition, and wide expression of α-smooth muscle actin. Also, significant disturbance in kidney functions, oxidative stress markers, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Supplementation with either SFV or DAC produced mild improvement in the tissue and laboratory markers. Moreover, the combination of both drugs greatly refined the pathology induced by TAA at the cellular and laboratory levels. However, there are still significant differences when compared to the control. In conclusion, SFV and DAC combination partially but greatly ameliorated the renal damage induced by TAA which might be enhanced with further supplementations to give new hope for those with nephropathy associated with hepatitis.