• 제목/요약/키워드: Renal excretion

검색결과 263건 처리시간 0.031초

뇌실내 TFMPP가 가토신장기능에 미치는 효과 (Effects of Intracerebroventricular TFMPP on Rabbit Renal Function)

  • 임영채;최종범;김경근;국영종
    • 대한약리학회지
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    • 제28권2호
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    • pp.137-146
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    • 1992
  • 신장기능조절에 있어서 중추 tryptamine계가 관련되어 있으며, $5-HT_1$수용체는 이뇨적인 역할을 하고 있는 반면에 $5-HT_2$$5-HT_3$수용체는 항이뇨적인 영향을 미치고 있음이 밝혀진 바 있다. 또한 $5-HT_1$수용체도 단일하지 않고 여러 subtype가 존재함이 알려져 있다. $5-HT_{1A}$수용체의 역할에 관해서는 신기능에 이뇨적인 영향을 미치고 있음이 시사된 바 있다. 본 연구에서는 중추 tryptamine성 신기능 조절에 있어서 $5-HT_{1B}$수용체의 역할을 구명하고자 하였다. 선택적 $5-HT_{1B}$ agonist인 TFMPP $8{\sim}750\;{\mu}g/kg$을 가토 측뇌실내로 투여하면 투여량에 비례하여 이뇨 및 Na과 K 배설의 증가를 초래하였으며, $250\;{\mu}g/kg$ 투여시에는 Na의 배설 분획이 5.44%까지 증가하였다. Na배설 촉진작용은 신혈류역학의 증가 보다도 훨씬 지속하여, 세뇨관에서의 Na재흡수 감소작용이 체액성 기전임을 시사하였다. TFMPP $250\;{\mu}g/kg$ icv투여시에 natriuresis와 함께 혈장내 atrial natriuretic peptide 농도가 약 6배 증가되었다. TFMPP $250\;{\mu}g/kg$을 정맥내로 투여하였을때는 뇌실내 투여시와는 상이하게 신기능에 별다른 유의한 변동을 초래하지 않았다. 이와같은 TFMPP의 diuresis 및 natriuresis는 각각 $5-HT_2$$5-HT_3$ 수용체의 선택적 antagonist인 ketanserin과 MDL 72222의 전처치에 의하여 차단되지 않았으며, methysergide에 의해서도 억제되지 않았다. 또한 $5-HT_{1A}$ antagonist로 알려진 NAN-190도 TFMPP의 작용을 차단하지 못하였으며 S(-)-propranolol도 영향을 미치지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과 중추 $5-HT_{1B}$수용체는 신장기능에 이뇨 및 Na배설 촉진적인 영향을 미치고 있고 이작용에 atrial natriuretic peptide가 관여함을 알 수 있었다.

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Solute Carrier SLC41A1 'A MINI REVIEW'

  • Basnet Hom Bahadur
    • 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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    • 제25권2호
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    • pp.60-65
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    • 2005
  • The human solute carrier, SLC41Al, is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that is regulated by extracellular magnesium. Although intracellular magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism, little is known about how $Mg^{2}+$ is taken up and controlled by cells. Magnesium plays a fundamental role in cellular metabolism so that its control within the body is critical. Magnesium homeostasis is principally a balance between intestinal absorption of dietary magnesium and renal excretion of urinary magnesium. The kidney, mainly the distal convoluted tubule, controls magnesium reabsorption. Although renal reabsorption is under the influence of many hormones, selective regulation of magnesium transport is due to intrinsic control involving transcriptional processes and synthesis of transport proteins. Using microarray analysis, identification of the genetic elements involved with this transcriptional control has been begun. SLC41A1(GenBank Accession No. AJ514402), comprises 10 putative transmembrane domains, two of which are highly homologous to the integral membrane part of the prokaryote transports $Mg^{2}+$ and other divalent cations $Sr^2+,\;Zn^2+,\;Cu^2+,\;Fe^2+,\;Co^2+,\;Ba^2+,\;and\;Cd^2+,\;but\;not\;Ca^2+,\;Mn^2+,\;and\;Ni^2+.$ Transport of $Mg^{2}+$ by SLC41Al is rheogenic, voltage dependent, and not coupled to Na or Cl. Expressed SLC41Al transports a range of other divalent cations: $Mg^{2+},\;Sr^{2+},\;Zn^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Fe^{2+},\;Co^{2+},\;Ba^{2+},\;and\;Cd^{2+}$. The divalent cations $Ca^{2+},\;Mn^{2+},\;and\;Ni^{2+}$and the trivalent ion $Gd^{3+}$ did not induce currents nor did they inhibit $Mg^{2+}$ transport. The nonselective cation $La^{3+}$ abolishes $Mg^{2+}$ uptake. Computer analysis of the SLC41Al protein structure reveals that it belongs to MgtE protein family & suggested that the human solute carrier, SLC41Al, might be a eukaryotic $Mg^{2+}$ transporter closely related $(60-70\%)$ protein encoded by SLC41A2 is a $Mg^{2}+$ transporter that might be involved in magnesium homeostasis in epithelial cells also transports a range of other divalent cations: $Ba^2,\;Ni^2,\;CO^2,\;Fe^2,\;or\;Mn^2,\;but\;not\;Ca^2,\;Zn^2,\;or\;Cu^{2+}$ that may have related functional properties.

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학교집단뇨검사를 통한 1형 막증식성 사구체신염의 조기진단의 효과 (The impact of early detection through school urinary screening tests of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type I)

  • 정성훈;박성신;김성도;조병수
    • Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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    • 제50권11호
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    • pp.1104-1109
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    • 2007
  • 목 적 : MPGN은 소아에서는 11년 이내에, 성인에서는 8년 이내에 50%가 사망하게 되는 불량한 예후를 지닌 만성신장병중의 하나이다. 한국에서는 1998년부터 학교집단뇨검사가 법으로 제정되어 시행되었다. 우리는 학교집단뇨검사를 통해 진단된 무증상의 막증식성 사구체신염과 증상이 있는 막증식성 사구체신염의 예후를 비교하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 본원 소아과에 입원하여 경피적 신생검 시행 후 병리조직학적 검사상 제 1형 MPGN으로 진단 받고 스테로이드 단독 또는 cyclosporine과 함께 또는 스테로이드만 단독으로 투여받고 있는 환자 18명의 특징과 예후를 분석하였다. 추적 관찰된 기간은 평균 6.3년이었다. 18명의 환자중에 7명의 환자는 학교집단뇨검사를 통해 진단된 환자이고, 11명의 환자는 진단당시 신증후군이나 급성신염, 육안적 혈뇨를 보이는 환자들이었다. 결 과 : 학교집단뇨검사로 진단된 환자들 가운데 남자는 4명이고, 여자는 3명이었다. 이들의 평균나이는 12.6세였다. 학교집단뇨검사에서 4명의 환자는 혈뇨와 단백뇨를 보였고, 1명의 환자는 단백뇨만 보였으며, 2명의 환자는 혈뇨만 보였다. 이들 가운데 3명이 진단 당시 혈청보체치가 감소하여 있었다. Methylprednisolone 충격요법 후에 5명의 환자(72%)가 혈뇨나 단백뇨없이 관해하였으며, 신기능이 저하된 환자는 한명도 없었다. 학교집단뇨검사를 받지 않은 그룹 가운데 남자는 9명이었고, 여자는 2명이었다. 이들의 평균나이는 14.4세였다. 진단 당시 7명의 환자는 신증후군 소견을 보였고, 3명의 환자는 육안적 혈뇨를 보였고, 1명의 환자는 현미경적 혈뇨와 함께 급성신부전의 소견을 보였다. 이들 가운데 진단 당시 혈청보체치가 감소하여 있던 환자는 5명이었다. 그리고 4명의 환자(36%)가 관해를 이루었으며, 1명의 환자는 복막투석을 필요로 하였으며, 3명의 환자에서 신기능이 저하되었으며 이 중 1명의 복막 투석을 필요로 하였다. 결 론 : 위의 사실들을 확실히 하기 위해서는 장기간의 연구가 필요하겠지만, 우리의 연구는 학교집단뇨검사를 통한 조기진단과 스테로이드 치료가 1형 막증식성사구체신염 환아의 예후에 도움이 될 것임을 보여주었다.

석고(石膏)가 streptozotocin 으로 유발된 rat의 당뇨병성(糖尿炳性) 신증(腎症)에 미치는 영향(影響) (The Effects of Gypsum on Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Nephropathic Rats)

  • 홍광해;이권호;정기훈;김용성;이현주
    • 대한한방내과학회지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.1025-1036
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    • 2008
  • Objectives : The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of gypsum, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods : We established three groups, normal, control, and gypsum, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed normal saline. The control & gypsum groups were administered streptozotocin(STZ) to induce diabetes. Gypsum extract was orally administered to the gypsum group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex. renal transforming growth factor ($TGF-{\beta}1$) expression, macrophage/monocyte antigen (ED-1), and type IV collagen expression were studied. Results : The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The construction change in the kidneys of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. The factor of the gypsum-treated group as compared to the control was significantly inhibited. which induced the structural change in the kidneys. Conclusions : The above results suggest that gypsum partially improved kidney function.

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막성신염방(膜性腎炎方)이 Cationized Bovine Serum Albumin투여로 유발된 Mouse의 Membranous Nephropathy에 미치는 영향 (A Study for Effects of Magsungsinyeom-bang(Moxingshenyanfang) on Membranous Nephropathy induced by Cationic Bovine Serum Albuminin in Mouse Model(Effects of Magsungsinyeom-bang on Membranous Nephropathy))

  • 김재형;조충식;김철중
    • Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.163-180
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    • 2007
  • Objective : Oriental medicines have been applied to Membranous nephropathy(MN) for the purpose on increasing renal blood flow and modulating immune activity in according to Oriental medicine theories. Magsungsinyeom-bang (MSSYB) is one of the prescription which is known to show positive results in clinic with lack of laboratorial evidence. Thus, this study was aimed to evaluate the effects of MSSYB and partially investigate the mechanisms of it. Methods : The effect of MSSYB was evaluated by the morphology for the GBM thickening, protein excretion in urine and biochemical parameters in serum using cBSA-induced MN mice model. Mice were administered with MSSYB(250 or 500 mg/kg) or PBS for control group from experimental week 3 for 4 weeks. Results : 24 hrs proteinuria and the concentrations BUN was significantly decreased in the MS groups compared to the control group while the concentrations of serum albumin was higher in the MS groups than control group. MSSYB didn't affect the ratio of CD3e+/CD or 19CD4+/CD8 in the spleen and kidney, but inhibit the expression of IL-1${\beta}$, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and production of IgG and IgM. In histological analysis of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM was significantly decreased in the MS group compared to control group. Conclusions : MSSYB showed the positive results on the cBSA-induced membranous nephropathy in mice, thus, it could be a useful candidate for oriental drug for treating the membranous nephropathy in clinic.

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Antihypertensive effect of Ganjang (traditional Korean soy sauce) on Sprague-Dawley Rats

  • Mun, Eun-Gyung;Sohn, Hee-Sook;Kim, Mi-Sun;Cha, Youn-Soo
    • Nutrition Research and Practice
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    • 제11권5호
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    • pp.388-395
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    • 2017
  • BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Although Korean fermented foods contain large amounts of salt, which is known to exacerbate health problems, these foods still have beneficial effects such as anti-hypertension, anti-cancer, and anti-colitis properties. We hypothesized that ganjang may have different effects on blood pressure compared to same concentrations of salt. MATERIALS/METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into control (CT), NaCl (NC), and ganjang (GJ) groups and orally administered with 8% NaCl concentration for 9 weeks. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum chemistry, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ concentrations and renal gene expressions were measured. RESULTS: The SBP was significantly increased in the NC group compared to the GJ and CT groups. In addition, the $Na^+$ concentration in urine was higher in the GJ and NC groups than the CT group, but the urine volume was increased in the GJ group compared to the other groups. The serum renin levels were decreased in the GJ group compared to the CT group, while the serum aldosterone level was decreased in the GJ group relative to the NC group. The mRNA expression of the renin, angiotensin II type I receptor, and mineralocorticoid receptor were significantly lower in the GJ group compared to other groups. Furthermore, GJ group showed the lowest levels of genes for $Na^+$ transporter in kidney cortex such as $Na^+/K^+$ $ATPase{\alpha}1$ ($NKA{\alpha}1$), $Na^+/H^+$ exchanger 3 (NHE3), $Na^+/HCO_3{^-}$ co-exchanger (NBC), and carbonic anhydrases II (CAII). CONCLUSIONS: The decreased SBP in the GJ could be due to decreased renin and aldosterone levels in serum and increased urinary volume and excretion of $Na^+$ with its transporter gene alteration. Therefore, ganjang may have antihypertensive effect despite its high contents of salt.

Red Wine Prevents Brain Oxidative Stress and Nephropathy in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

  • Montilla, Pedro;Barcos, Montserrat;Munoz, Maria C.;Bujalance, Inmaculada;Munoz-Castaneda, Juan R.;Tunez, Isaac
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제38권5호
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    • pp.539-544
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    • 2005
  • We have studied the effects of red wine on brain oxidative stress and nephropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in Wistar rats with a single intraperitonally injection of STZ (50 mg/kg). Two weeks before and four weeks after injection, red wine was given orally in both normal and diabetic rats. Blood samples were taken from the neck vascular trunk in order to determine the glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), atherogenic index (AI), total protein, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, insulin, lipid peroxidation products, reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. As well, we estimated the lipid peroxidtion, GSH and SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities in brain and renal homogenates, and the excretion of albumin, proteins and glucose in urine over 24 h period. The administration of STZ caused significant increases in levels of glycosuria, proteinuria, albuminuria, glycemia, total cholesterol and AI, as well as in lipid peroxidation products in the brain, plasma and kidney, whereas it decreased the GSH content and SOD, GSH-Px and catalase activities. Treatment with red wine significantly prevented the changes induced by STZ. These data suggested that red wine has a protective effect against brain oxidative stress, diabetic nephropathy and diabetes induced by STZ, as well as it protects against hypercholesterolemia and atherogenic risk.

뇌졸중 환자의 신허 진단 지표로서 24시간 요중 17-KS, 17-OHCS의 유용성에 대한 검토 (The Usefulness of the 24hrs Urine 17-KS.17-OHCS as an Index for the Differentiation of Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys in Stroke Patient)

  • 노기환;조기호;문상관;고창남;김영석;배형섭;이경섭
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.94-101
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    • 2001
  • Background and Purpose : Relationship between 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine and Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys had been examined, but the study about 17-KS.17-OHCS in stroke patients was rare6'. In this study, we aimed to investigate the usefulness of 24hrs urine 17-KS.17-OHCS in stroke patients as an index for the Differentiation of Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys. Subjects : 66 stroke patients(male : female =2 9 : 37) were selected, they were admitted in the hospital of oriental medicine, Kyunghee university(from November 1 st, 1998 to May 30th, 2000). Their age was over 65 years. The patients who had renal malfunction, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism were excluded and who took chlorpromazine, spironolactone, digoxin, reserpine, hormonal agent were also excluded. Methods : After we selected the patients, we investigated the Differentiation of Syndrome by use of Diagnostic Paper and examined the level of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine. We compared Deficiency Syndrome with non-Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys using of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine. Results : 1. Stroke did not affect 17-KS.17-OHCS excretion in 24hrs urine. 2. In 24hrs urine, 17-KS of male stroke patients and 17-OHCS of female stroke patients were lower in patients diagnosed as a Deficiency Syndrome than non-Deficiency Syndrome of the Kidneys(p<0.05). 3. Among Deficiency Syndrome of Yin, Yang, Yang and Yin of the Kidneys group, there was no differentiation of 17-KS.17-OHCS in 24hrs urine(p>0.05).

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신장절제로 유발한 신약(腎弱) 동물 모델에서의 비만 및 지질대사에 대한 영향 평가 (A Study of the Effect on Obesity and dyslipidemia in Kidney-hypofunction Animal Model Induced by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction)

  • 곽진영;박정환;고영미;안택원
    • 대한한의학회지
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    • 제39권2호
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: The objective of this study is to develop a new animal model with Kidney-hypofunction for Sasang Constitutional Medicine, especially for partial Soyangin(one of four constitution which has good digestive function and poor renal function) by Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction, and to estimate the factor related to obesity, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome. Methods: The C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups : normal group, high fat diet(HFD) control group, and HFD group with Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction(UUO). Then, the HFD control group and the experimental group were fed with high fat diet for 6 weeks. Food intake and body weight were measured at regular time by week. After the final experiment, blood was gathered for bloodchemical examination and organs(liver, fatty tissue) were remoed, weighted, and mRNA was analyzed with real-time PCR. Results: The weight growth rate with High fat diet went down by 8.35% in experimental group and had similar FER with the normal group, while HFD control group had higher weight growth rate and FER than any other groups. Also The experimental group had lower triglyceride and LDL cholesterol rate and higher glucose rate in serum. and in mRNA expression, GLUT-9, the protein related to excretion of uric acid and metabolic syndrome, expressed lower rate than that of HFD control group. and IL-6, a kind of cytokine related to obesity and metabolic syndrome, expressed more than HFD control group. Conclusions: It was found that Kidney-hypofunction animal-experimental model is susceptible to metabolic syndrome.

창상치료후보물질 AS2-006A의 일반약리연구 (General Pharmacology of AS2-006A, A New Wound Healing Agent)

  • 정혜진;조민경;손문호;강건욱;최성희;김혜정;이애경;박형근;주상섭
    • Toxicological Research
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    • 제16권3호
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2000
  • The therapeutic effect of AS2-006A, a derivative of asiaticoside, has been studied and is being developed as a new wound-healing agent. In the present study, the general pharmacological effects on 1) central nervous system, 2) autonomic nervous system, 3) respiratory system, 4) gastrointestinal system. 5) cardiovascular system. and 6) urinary system were assessed in experimental animals and in in vitro models. 1. In vivo animal study: External applications of the 1 % gel ointment of AS2-006A to rats at the doses of 200. 600 or 2000 mg/kg body weight showed no observable pharmacological effects. The effects on the central nervous system were assessed by observation of behavior, hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, pentetrazole-induced convulsion assay, body temperature measurements, and observations on spontaneous activity and catalepsy. The gel ointment exhibited no effects on the cardiovascular system (i.e. blood pressure and heart rate), renal physiology (i.e. urine volume and electrolytes excretion) and gas-trointestinal physiology (i.e. intestinal charcoal propulsion and gastric mucosal irritation). 2. In vitro experiments: The effects of AS2-006A on the physiology of smooth and cardiac muscles were assessed. Muscle contractions were isotonically and isometrically measured in organ chambers using a physiograph. Cumulative additions of AS2-006A (10$^{-9}$ -10$^{-5}$ M) induced no changes in the tension of isolated guinea pig ileum and tracheal muscles. AS2-006A only slightly increased contractility of rat atrial and papillary muscles at 10$^{-2}$ M, which was not statistically different from control. These data showed that the gel ointment of AS2-006A could be externally applied as a wound-healing agent with no potential side effects.

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