• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2011

Tidal flats which are ecologically sensitive, are hard to remediate once they are contaminated by oil spill accidents. Traditional oil remediation measures focus on removal efficiency, and their improper implementation can adversely affect crude oil contaminated coastal areas and greatly disrupt the structure and functions of crude oil contaminated tidal flats. In this study, the oil degradation due to the implementation of remediation measures naturally enhanced using air and natural oil sorbents was evaluated in the lower strata of tidal flats. The effects of air and natural oil sorbents on oil degradation for two concentration levels (< 500 ppm and > 500 ppm) were tested at artificially contaminated tidal flats. Fifty days after these treatments, the natural oil sorbent treatment showed the lowest total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentration ($4.46{\pm}1.47%$) at the low concentration level, whereas both air and natural oil sorbent treatments showed high degradation efficiencies at the high concentration level ($29.30{\pm}4.39%$). Although the phosphatase activity decreased for all treatments, there was no significant difference between the decreases for the different treatments; on the other hand, B-glucosidase activities were high for both air and natural oil sorbent treatments. Although degradation efficiencies decreased as the concentration increased, the air provision and natural oil sorbent treatment could be an effective ecological restoration measure for oil contaminated tidal flats while minimizing the environmental impact of the remediation efforts.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2007

본 논문은 식물정유를 이용해 유해가스를 처리하는 경우에 식물정유의 주요 구성성분을 파악하고 이를 통해 처리효율을 규명하는데 연구하였다. 또한 식물정유와 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스에 의한 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스 제거반응 메카니즘을 규명하였으며 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 악취가스 중 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스는 식물정유 추출물과 중화반응에 의해 처리될 수 있음을 나타내었다. GC-MS분석에 의한 식물정유 추출물의 성분 중 식물정유의 화학구조는 알코올기, 케톤기, 에스터기가 관여하는 것으로 나타났다. 충전탑내 식물추출물의 순환속도의 실험결과에서 중화반응으로 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스가 제거되는 메카니즘은 앞서 언급한 화학작용기와 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스의 중화반응에 의해 염을 형성하여 제거되는 과정을 갖는다. 2) 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스 제거효율은 식물정유 추출물의 희석비와 스프레이 분무속도 그리고 초기 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스 농도 등에 따라 달라질 수가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 시험결과는 식물정유 추출물의 희석비와 스프레이 분무속도 그리고 초기 메틸 멀캅탄 악취가스 농도가 희박한 경우에 최대 98%의 제거효율을 얻을 수가 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2009

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2003

Structured lipid (SL) produced from soybean oil was enriched with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). The SL had 21.9 mol % CLA isomers incorporated into SL-soybean after the 24-h reaction. Removal of tocopherols (73～84% loss from original soybean oil) was observed in the SL. Electronic nose can discriminate the aroma of SL-soybean from that of soybean oil. Many oxidative volatiles including pentenal, octenal, 2,4-decandienal, and nonenal were found in SL-soybean. Electronic nose, which is valuable for composite aroma analysis, can provide flavor information together with GC-MS that is useful for qualitative or quantitative analysis of each odor compound in SL.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.357-364
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 비이온성 계면활성제를 사용하여 오염 토양 내의 탄화수소 유기물을 정화하는 데 있어서 필수적인 최적의 비이온성 계면활성제에 대한 조건을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 비이온성 계면활성제, 물, 탄화수소로 이루어진 3성분계에 대하여 특정 탄화수소 유기물이 계면활성제에 의하여 최대로 가용화될 수 있는 조건을 계면활성제 친수성 기의 변화에 따라 측정하고 비이온성 계면활성제 용액과 탄화수소 사이의 계면장력을 측정하였다. 이런 결과들을 바탕으로 실제 회분식 sur-factant washing 실험을 수행한 결과 탄화수소의 유기물은 PIT(Phase Inversion Temperature)에서 생성되는 middle-phase microemulsion에 최대로 가용화될 수 있었으며, 비이온성 계면활성제 $C_{12}E_5(C_{12}H_{25}O(CH_2CH_2O)_5H)$를 사용했을 경우 $C_{12}E_5$, 물, n-hexadecane으로 이루어진 3성분 계의 PIT에 해당하는 $52^{\circ}C$에서 n-hexadecane이 73.4% 제거되었으며, 반면에 PIT보다 낮은 $25^{\circ}C$와 PIT보다 높은 $60^{\circ}C$에서의 n-hexadecane 제거율은 각각 57.1%, 57.0%를 나타내었다. 이와 같이 PIT조건에서 n-hexadecane이 최대로 가용화되는 것은 계의 소수성-친수성이 균형을 이룸으로 인하여 유기물이 가용화되는 속도가 매우 빠를 뿐 아니라 middle-phase microemulsion과 excess oil phase 사이에 존재하는 $10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}dyne/cm$의 매우 낮은 계면장력때문인 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 1998

The Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration were used to treat effluent of secondary municipal wastewater treatment system(Sequencing Batch Reactor). The cross-flow hollow fiber, UF 500,000(NMWC) and MF 0.65$\mu$ membrane were selected as suitable membrane. Short term and long term fouling effect were measured as a factor of flux decrease and the fouling removal effect of mixing air bubble in the penetrant was studied. The removal of anionic sulfactants before and after formation of micelle with several kinds of oil were checked. The test results show that removal of TOC was 70~80%, TN 28% and TP 16%. The decrease of flux due to fouling were 85%(UF) and 90%(MF) after running of 100hrs. The removal of anionic sulfactants were 60~70% notwithstanding micelle or not.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.679-690
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• 1997

Oil spill over the sea and the river become a serious problem in these days. Two different approaches are used to clean up the spilled oil by means of chemical dispersion and mechanical devices. If it is possible, removing spilled oil using mechanical devices are highly desirable in order not to worry about the secondary contamination from chemical treatment. One of the major unsolved problems using mechanical devices has been the recovery of highly viscous oil spill. So, the systematic experimental data for treating very viscous oil are still wanting. In the present study a series of experiments were carried out to study the effect of the rotational direction of the belt skimmer on the rate of oil recovery using Bunker C oil. Three different situations, namely, upward, downward and up-and-downward pickup rate have been investigated for variable belt speed. The results showed that the rate of oil recovery for downward pickup was much higher than that for upward pickup. The major mechanism to recover the oil using a belt skimmer has been confirmed that oil sticks to the belt surface while moving to the water rather than moving upward. For the removal of spilled oil the optimal belt speed under the present experimental conditions was found to be about 200 ~ 270 mm/s just before the starvation started. The present experimental results would provide the basis for understanding the performance characteristics and physics of various types of skimmers.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-128
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• 2006

The interaction between adherent molecules and gas molecules was modeled in the molecular scale and simulated by the molecular dynamics method in order to understand evaporation and removal processes of adherent molecules on metallic surface using high temperature gas flow. Methanol molecules were chosen as adherent molecules to investigate effects of adhesion quantity and gas molecular collisions because the industrial oil has too complex structures of fatty acid. Effects of adherent quantity, gas temperature, surface temperature and adhesion strength for the evaporation rate of adherent molecules and the molecular removal mechanism were investigated and discussed in the present study. Evaporation and removal rates of adherent molecules from metallic surface calculated by the molecular dynamics method showed the similar dependence on the surface temperature shown in the experimental results.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2000

최근 해상유류오염사고시 사용되는 유화제는 해안으로 이동하여 또 다른 수질오염의 원인으로 문제가 되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 자성을 띠고 있는 흡착제를 이용하여 해수 속에 잔류하는 유화제를 제거하는 기술에 대해서 논의하였다. 본 실험에서는 자성을 띠는 흡착제로서 마그네타이트와 마그헤마이트를 이용하였고, 대표적인 유화제 성분으로는 음이온성 계면활성제인 SDDBS (Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid)와 비이온성 계면활성제인 Triton X-100 (t-octylphenoxypoly-ethoxyethanol)을 사용하였다. 실험은 두 흡착제의 유화제에 대한 흡착 평형시간과 흡착능에 대한 회분식 실험과 모의 실제 상황에서 흡착제가 영구자석이나 전자석에 의해 수거되는 양상을 알아보기 위한 수조실험으로 나누어 이루어졌다. 마그헤마이트는 계면활성제의 종류와 사용된 물의 종류에 상관없이 제거효율이 일정하게 나타나는데 비해 마그네타이트는 음이온성 계면활성제에 대해 선택적으로 고효율을 보이고 있고, 이온이 존재하는 해수보다는 증류수의 경우가 높은 효율을 보이고 있다. 미그네타이트의 흡착메커니즘은 정전기적 인력에 의한 것으로 판단되고, 마그헤마이트의 경우는 정전기적 인력과 함께 흡착능을 향상시키는 구조적 특정과 표면상태의 특성으로 설명되어진다. 수조실험에서는 흡착이 이루어진 후 자석에 의한 회수는 100%에 가까운 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과는 두 흡착제와 사석에 의한 유화제 제거방법이 실제 해상에서 적용되었을 때 유화제를 짧은 시간 내에 고효율로 처리할 수 있는 효과적인 방법임을 시사한다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1339-1347
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• 2010

In this study, the identity and distribution of plants and the structure of their associated rhizobacterial communities were examined in an oil-contaminated site. The number of plant species that formed a community or were scattered was 24. The species living in soil highly contaminated with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) (9,000-4,5000 mg/g-soil) were Cynodon dactylon, Persicaria lapathifolia, and Calystegia soldanella (a halophytic species). Among the 24 plant species, the following have been known to be effective for oil removal: C. dactylon, Digitaria sanguinalis, and Cyperus orthostachyus. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) profile analysis showed that the following pairs of plant species had highly similar (above 70%) rhizobacterial community structures: Artemisia princeps and Hemistepta lyrata; C. dactylon and P. lapathifolia; Carex kobomugi and Cardamine flexuosa; and Equisetum arvense and D. sanguinalis. The major groups of rhizobacteria were Beta-proteobacteria, Gamma-proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Actinobacteria, and unknown. Based on DGGE analysis, P. lapathifolia, found for the first time in this study growing in the presence of high TPH, may be a good species for phytoremediation of oil-contaminated soils and in particular, C. soldanella may be useful for soils with high TPH and salt concentrations. Overall, this study suggests that the plant roots, regardless of plant species, may have a similar influence on the bacterial community structure in oil-contaminated soil.