• Title/Summary/Keyword: Remote Services

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Recent Developments in Space Law (우주법(宇宙法)의 최근동향(最近動向))

  • Choi, June-Sun
    • The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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    • v.1
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    • pp.223-243
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    • 1989
  • The practical application of modern space science and technology have resulted in many actual and potential gains of mankind. These successes have conditioned and increased the need for a viable space law regime and the challenge of space has ultimately led to the formation of an international legal regime for space. Space law is no longer a primitive law. It is a modern law. Yet, in its stages of growth, it has not reached the condition of perfection. Therefore, under the existing state of thing, we could carefully say that the space law is one of the most newest fields of jurisprudence despite the fact that no one has so far defined it perfectly. However, if space law can be a true jurisprudential entity, it must be definable. In defining the space law, first of all, the grasp of it's nature iis inevitable. Although space law encompasses many tenets and facets of other legal discriplines, its principal nature is public international law, because space law affects and effects law relating intercourse among nations. Since early 1960s when mankind was first able to flight and stay in outer space, the necessity to control and administrate the space activities of human beings has growingly increased. The leading law-formulating agency to this purpose is the United Nation's ad hoc Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer Space("COPUOS"). COPUOS gave direction to public international space law by establishing the 1963 Declaration of Legal Principles Governing the Activities of the States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space("1963 Declaration"). The 1963 Declaration is very foundation of the five international multilateral treaties that were established successively after the 1963 Declaration. The five treaties are as follows: 1) The Treaty on Principles Governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of Outer Space including Moon and other Celestial Bodies, 1967. 2) The Agreement on the Rescue of Astronauts, the Return of Astronauts, and the Return of Objects Launched into Outer Space, 1968. 3) The Convention on International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Objects, 1972. 4) The Convention on Registration of Objects Launched into Outer Space, 1974. 5) The Agreement Governing Activities of States on the Moon and Other Celestial Bodies: Moon Treaty, 1979. The other face of space law is it's commercial aspect. Space is no longer the sole domination of governments. Many private enterprise have already moved directly or indirectly into space activities in the parts such as telecommunications and space manufacturing. Since space law as the public international law has already advanced in accordance with the developments of space science and technology, there left only a few areas untouched in this field of law. Therefore the possibility of rapid growth of space law is expected in the parts of commerical space law, as it is, at this time, in a nascent state. The resources of the space environment are also commercially both valuable and important since the resources include the tangible natural resources to be found on the moon and other celestial bodies. Other space-based resources are solar energy, geostationary and geosynchronous orbital positions, radio frequencies, area possibly suited to human habitations, all areas and materials lending themselves to scientific research and inquiry. Remote sensing, space manufacturing and space transportation services are also another potential areas in which commercial. endeavors of Mankind can be carried out. In this regard, space insurance is also one of the most important devices allowing mankind to proceed with commercial space venture. Thus, knowlege of how space insurance came into existence and what it covers is necessary to understand the legal issues peculiar to space law. As a conclusion the writer emphasized the international cooperation of all nations in space activities of mankind, because space commerce, by its nature, will give rise many legal issues of international scope and concern. Important national and world-community interests would be served over time through the acceptance of new international agreements relating to remote sencing, direct television broadcasting, the use of nuclear power sources in space, the regularization of the activities of space transportation systems. standards respecting contamination and pollution, and a practical boundary between outer space and air space. If space activity regulation does not move beyond the national level, the peaceful exploration of space for all mankind will not be realized. For the efficient regulation on private and governmental space activities, the creation of an international space agency, similar to the International Civil Aviation Organization but modified to meet the needs of space technology, will be required. But prior to creation of an international organization, it will be necessary to establish, at national level, the Office of Air and Space Bureau, which will administrate liscence liscence application process, safety review and sale of launch equipment, and will carry out launch service.

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Creation of Actual CCTV Surveillance Map Using Point Cloud Acquired by Mobile Mapping System (MMS 점군 데이터를 이용한 CCTV의 실질적 감시영역 추출)

  • Choi, Wonjun;Park, Soyeon;Choi, Yoonjo;Hong, Seunghwan;Kim, Namhoon;Sohn, Hong-Gyoo
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.37 no.5_3
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    • pp.1361-1371
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    • 2021
  • Among smart city services, the crime and disaster prevention sector accounted for the highest 24% in 2018. The most important platform for providing real-time situation information is CCTV (Closed-Circuit Television). Therefore, it is essential to create the actual CCTV surveillance coverage to maximize the usability of CCTV. However, the amount of CCTV installed in Korea exceeds one million units, including those operated by the local government, and manual identification of CCTV coverage is a time-consuming and inefficient process. This study proposed a method to efficiently construct CCTV's actual surveillance coverage and reduce the time required for the decision-maker to manage the situation. For this purpose, first, the exterior orientation parameters and focal lengths of the pre-installed CCTV cameras, which are difficult to access, were calculated using the point cloud data of the MMS (Mobile Mapping System), and the FOV (Field of View) was calculated accordingly. Second, using the FOV result calculated in the first step, CCTV's actual surveillance coverage area was constructed with 1 m, 2 m, 3 m, 5 m, and 10 m grid interval considering the occluded regions caused by the buildings. As a result of applying our approach to 5 CCTV images located in Uljin-gun, Gyeongsnagbuk-do the average re-projection error was about 9.31 pixels. The coordinate difference between calculated CCTV and location obtained from MMS was about 1.688 m on average. When the grid length was 3 m, the surveillance coverage calculated through our research matched the actual surveillance obtained from visual inspection with a minimum of 70.21% to a maximum of 93.82%.

Design of Intersection Simulation System for Monitoring and Controlling Real-Time Traffic Flow (실시간 교통흐름의 모니터링 및 제어를 위한 교차로 시뮬레이션 시스템 설계)

  • Jeong Chang-Won;Shin Chang-Sun;Joo Su-Chong
    • Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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    • v.6 no.6
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 2005
  • In this paper, we construct the traffic information database by using the acquired data from the traffic information devices installed in road network, and, by referring to this database, propose the intersection simulation system which can dynamically manage the real-time traffic flow for each section of road from the intersections, This system consists of hierarchical 3 parts, The lower layer is the physical layer where the traffic information is acquired on an actual road. The traffic flow control framework exists in the middle layer. The framework supports the grouping of intersection, the collection of real-time traffic flow information, and the remote monitoring and control by using the traffic information of the lower layer, This layer is designed by extending the distributed object group framework we developed. In upper layer, the intersection simulator applications controlling the traffic flow by grouping the intersections exist. The components of the intersection application in our system are composed of the implementing objects based on the Time-triggered Message-triggered Object(TMO) scheme, The intersection simulation system considers the each intersection on road as an application group, and can apply the control models of dynamic traffic flow by the road's status. At this time, we use the real-time traffic information collected through inter-communication among intersections. For constructing this system, we defined the system architecture and the interaction of components on the traffic flow control framework which supports the TMO scheme and the TMO Support Middleware(TMOSM), and designed the application simulator and the user interface to the monitoring and the controlling of traffic flow.

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Study on a Methodology for Developing Shanghanlun Ontology (상한론(傷寒論)온톨로지 구축 방법론 연구)

  • Jung, Tae-Young;Kim, Hee-Yeol;Park, Jong-Hyun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.25 no.5
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    • pp.765-772
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    • 2011
  • Knowledge which is represented by formal logic are widely used in many domains such like artificial intelligence, information retrieval, e-commerce and so on. And for medical field, medical documentary records retrieval, information systems in hospitals, medical data sharing, remote treatment and expert systems need knowledge representation technology. To retrieve information intellectually and provide advanced information services, systematically controlled mechanism is needed to represent and share knowledge. Importantly, medical expert's knowledge should be represented in a form that is understandable to computers and also to humans to be applied to the medical information system supporting decision making. And it should have a suitable and efficient structure for its own purposes including reasoning, extendability of knowledge, management of data, accuracy of expressions, diversity, and so on. we call it ontology which can be processed with machines. We can use the ontology to represent traditional medicine knowledge in structured and systematic way with visualization, then also it can also be used education materials. Hence, the authors developed an Shanghanlun ontology by way of showing an example, so that we suggested a methodology for ontology development and also a model to structure the traditional medical knowledge. And this result can be used for student to learn Shanghanlun by graphical representation of it's knowledge. We analyzed the text of Shanghanlun to construct relational database including it's original text, symptoms and herb formulars. And then we classified the terms following some criterion, confirmed the structure of the ontology to describe semantic relations between the terms, especially we developed the ontology considering visual representation. The ontology developed in this study provides database showing fomulas, herbs, symptoms, the name of diseases and the text written in Shanghanlun. It's easy to retrieve contents by their semantic relations so that it is convenient to search knowledge of Shanghanlun and to learn it. It can display the related concepts by searching terms and provides expanded information with a simple click. It has some limitations such as standardization problems, short coverage of pattern(證), and error in chinese characters input. But we believe this research can be used for basic foundation to make traditional medicine more structural and systematic, to develop application softwares, and also to applied it in Shanghanlun educations.

A Study on Implementation and Design of Scheme to Securely Circulate Digital Contents (디지털콘텐츠의 안전한 유통을 위한 구조 설계 및 구현에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong;Kim, Eun-Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.27-41
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    • 2009
  • With explosive growth in the area of the Internet and IT services, various types of digital contents are generated and circulated, for instance, as converted into digital-typed, secure electronic records or reports, which have high commercial value, e-tickets and so on. However, because those digital contents have commercial value, high-level security should be required for delivery between a consumer and a provider with non face-to-face method in online environment. As a digital contents, an e-ticket is a sort of electronic certificate to assure ticket-holder's proprietary rights of a real ticket. This paper focuses on e-ticket as a typical digital contents which has real commercial value. For secure delivery and use of digital contents in on/off environment, this paper proposes that 1) how to generate e-tickets in a remote e-ticket server, 2) how to authenticate a user and a smart card holding e-tickets for delivery in online environment, 3) how to save an e-ticket transferred through network into a smart card, 4) how to issue and authenticate e-tickets in offline, and 5) how to collect and discard outdated or used e-tickets.

The study on the effectiveness of smart home network service for IT underprivileged people and growth service model (IT소외 계층을 위한 실질적 스마트홈네트워크서비스의 영향 및 성장형 서비스모델에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Byoung-Soo;Ji, Yeong-Soo;Han, Kyeong-Seok
    • Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.1000-1007
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    • 2011
  • Home Networking will be implementing the interactive network by home appliances over wireless/wireline network framwork. That is, Home appliances, which are being operated within home space configure the network through wireline/wireless network infrastructure for interworking and interacitive services by external internet access. Based on home networking, smarthome is home space where can use automatic telecommunication and interactive service by home appliances. we can call smarthome based on home networking infrastructure as the conceptual gateway for evolving future converged space like u-city. From simple home control service to home automation service over home networking infrastructure, smarthome service is evolving to up-to-date intelligent life environment in growth of IT technology. however, its service model development was based on supplier-centered based on advanced IT technology. because of this situation, smarthome service has not been acknowledged IT underprivileged people as well as IT early-adaptor. so, this research paper will consider and try to find out what will be the feasible factors to make the best service for IT underprivileged people.

An Advanced User-friendly Wireless Smart System for Vehicle Safety Monitoring and Accident Prevention (차량 안전 모니터링 및 사고 예방을 위한 친사용자 환경의 첨단 무선 스마트 시스템)

  • Oh, Se-Bin;Chung, Yeon-Ho;Kim, Jong-Jin
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.16 no.9
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    • pp.1898-1905
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    • 2012
  • This paper presents an On-board Smart Device (OSD) for moving vehicle, based on a smooth integration of Android-based devices and a Micro-control Unit (MCU). The MCU is used for the acquisition and transmission of various vehicle-borne data. The OSD has threefold functions: Record, Report and Alarm. Based on these RRA functions, the OSD is basically a safety and convenience oriented smart device, where it facilitates alert services such as accident report and rescue as well as alarm for the status of vehicle. In addition, voice activated interface is developed for the convenience of users. Vehicle data can also be uploaded to a remote server for further access and data manipulation. Therefore, unlike conventional blackboxes, the developed OSD lends itself to a user-friendly smart device for vehicle safety: It basically stores monitoring images in driving plus vehicle data collection. Also, it reports on accident and enables subsequent rescue operation. The developed OSD can thus be considered an essential safety smart device equipped with comprehensive wireless data service, image transfer and voice activated interface.

A Study on the Urban Growth Change using Satellite Imagery Data (위성영상자료를 활용한 도시성장변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yoon-Soo;Kim, Jung-Hwan;Jung, Eung-Ho;Ryu, Ji-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.81-90
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    • 2002
  • Remote Sensing has been very useful tool in monitoring of cities and updating of GIS database compare to traditional methods due to its benefit; wide range covering on low cost and advanced data collection. However it had come to a limited method in limited researches because of its relatively poor spatial resolution in scanning. Recently launched satellites are able to produce improved imageries, and new commercial services have been commenced for the use of general public with higher spatial resolution up to $1m{\times}1m$. This study tackled a potential use of these improved satellite imageries in urban planning based on the Multi-temporal satellite imagery with particular reference to monitoring on urban areas, for example urbanization and its expanding. i) Portion of individual features and elements in each pixel of satellite imagery was computed based on 'Endmember' of targeted elements. ii) Urbanized areas were categorized based on the 'Fraction imagery' derived from the 'SMA algorithm'. iii) Alterations and expanding of urban areas were identified based on the Multi-temporal satellite imageries. Tested method showed a strong potential to produce more advanced monitoring skills of urban areas.

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A Review of the Operation Community Health Practitioner System as a Reorientation of Primary Health Care (보건 진료원 제도 운영 평가에 관한 연구 -우리나라 1차 보건의료 제도 방향 재설정을 위하여 -)

  • 홍여신;이인숙
    • Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.568-583
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    • 1994
  • In the changing social and economic conditions, reorientation of the health care system is a process of rearranging health care resources keeping in mind the appropriativeness, relevancy, and efficacy of health care programs. Also it has been recognized recently that the CHP program is in need of review for the same reasons, that is to say, the ease in which health care facilities are available, the high rate of coverage with insurance and the development of an effective transportation system. Therefore there is a social inclination to think that there are no remote areas and to question the roles of public health facilities, health centers, health sub centers and CHP posts. This paper was done to review problems and to propose new directions for the CHP system. The findings of this study are as follows ; 1) It is necessary that primary health care should be simplified into three parts, medical treatment, preventive care services and the organization of administration and logistics. Also each department should be supplemented with the appropriate professional personnel in order to develop a task oriented system. The reorientation of the CHP system should be managed in keeping with that of other public health care systems. Therefore it is necessary to look at the CHP system problems as one aspect of the reorientation process of public health care systems, and to work to find new ways to address these problems. 2) The location of the CHP post should be decided by the needs of the community in both the medical and preventive areas. If the people have a minimum need, the location of the CHP post should be altered and the existing roles of the CHP should be modified to allow for flexibility according to the community needs. 3) Use of the problem solving method in regular team meetings will prove to be as efficient as continuing education programs in improving job competancy. 4) The supervision of CHP's activities should be made by the same type professional personnel, that is, senior CHPs or charge nurses in the public health center at the county level. 5) The operational expensies of CHP post should be supported by the administrative department of the public health center and should create working conditions that will allow the CHP to concentrate on community health service programs. 6) The organizations for community participation, working committees, community health workers and a number of the local assembly, should be activated to provide for participation in finding solutions to health related problems in the com-munity.

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A Study on Activation of Oriental Medicine in Public Health Sector : The role of Oriental Public Health Physicians (한방 공공의료의 활성화에 관한 연구 - 공중보건 한의사의 활동을 중심으로 -)

  • Yi Sang-Gu;Moon Ok-Ryun;Piao Song-Lin;Lee Shin-Jae;Yoon Tae-Ho;Jeong Baek-Geun;Wen Yong
    • Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2000
  • From 1998, Oriental Medical Physicians(OMP) is distributed in Public Health Sector. but long term plan for Oriental Medicine in Public Health is not existed. So, this study is designed for the activation of OMP Subjects in this study were comprised 3 groups of oriental medicine related persons, the group of which are Students of 11 Oriental Medical Schools, Oriental Medical Physicians in Public Health Sector, Specialist Croup of Oriental medicine Policy(total 1,458 persons). Data were collected from July 1st to November 30, 1999. Direct interview with key persons, systematic interview by using of interview protocol, e-mail and facsimile have been conducted. The results of survey were coded by Excel 5.0, and analysed with SAS 6.12 statistical package. Inter-group difference determined by T-test, and descriptive statistics have been examined. Major findings can be epitomized as follows. 1) OMP disposition to multifarious organizations and institutes such as Public Health Centers, Public Health Sub-centers, Public Hospitals, Private Hospitals in Remote-Vulnerable Area, Community Social Welfare Centers, Institutes for Heath Policy Research, etc, will promise an effective use of Oriental Medical Physician. 2) Average number of patients treated by OMP was 22.8, average budget for oriental medical department, in which OMP were affiliated, was 39.6 million Won per year. Direct cost per every patient visit was 7,210.9 Won, which is considered expensive for public health service. Therefore, development and transformation for Oriental Medical Service in Public Health Sector is desirable in economic and political aspects. 3) It is recommended that ${\ulcorner}Advisory\;Committee{\lrcorner},{\ulcorner}Planning\;Commission\;for\; Public\;Health\;in\;Oriental\;Medicine{\lrcorner}$ should be established for the activation and for the support of Oriental Medical Physician in Public Health Sector, 4) Most effective programmes for oriental public health doctor are health service programmes for the elderly, Home health visit, chronic degenerative disease control services(p<0.001). 5) Standard guideline for facilities and equipments of Oriental Medicine Department in Public Health Center is needed for optimal supply of resources and activation of public health activity.

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