• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.19-30
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to provide basic data to be useful for living environment of National Rental Housing, through comparative analysis of residential conditions, community consciousness of residents, characteristics of 3 complexes, whose residents have lived more than 3 years, different in area and size. Deungchon 11 Complex in Seoul, Eui-wang Naeson Complex, and Incheon Samsan 4 Complex are chosen for the investigation and the survey and 242 copies of the questionnaire are analyzed for the final result. Analyzing the contents of the survey results are as follows those deriving conclusions and suggestions. 1) Housing and construction standards are required to reconsider for enhancing of community consciousness and housing satisfaction of residents of National Rental Housing. 2) Spending on residential move, and minimize the unnecessary expense of low-income housing need to do to promote stability. 3) Facilities and equipments for residents are needed considering barrier-free design which introduces universal design. 4) Welfare facilities such as culture space and after-school classroom for teenagers are needed. 5) By using the broadcast media actively pro-mote, various layers are encouraged moving into National Rental Housing, through the concept of housing opportunities for change. 6) In short-term, community space are need remodeling and various activity programs are developed to induce activation of community facilities. In long-term, users considering a community facility plan, actively promoting activities, methods and operating system support for the government in the continuing policy and management is needed, when the National Rental Housing are planned to build. Therefore, the organic aspects such as the development and operation of the community program as well as the physical aspects such as the community space and facilities for the active community of the National Rental Housing are constantly considered in the follow-up studies.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.869-874
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• 2011

CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진은 CNG 를 주 연료로 사용하고 소량의 디젤을 착화제로서 실린더 내에 분사한다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 디젤엔진을 커먼레일직접분사(CRDI)를 통하여 고압으로 디젤을 분사하고, 예혼합을 위하여 CNG 를 흡기포트에 분사하는 CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진으로 개조하였다. CNG/diesel dualfuel engine 은 기존의 디젤엔진과 동등한 수준의 토크 및 출력성능을 나타내었다. 또한, CNG 대체율은 CNG/diesel dual-fuel 엔진의 전체 운전영역에 대하여 89% 이상을 만족시켰다. Dual-fuel 엔진의 PM 배출농도는 디젤엔진보다 94% 더 낮게 나타났지만, NOx 배출농도는 더 높게 나타났다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.93-107
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• 1997

Magnetic resonance imaging has been used in the temporomandibular joint(TMJ) primarily to define morphology and positional relationship of associating structures. This report examines signal intensity characteristics of the posterior attachment as they related to the severity of internal derangement. Fifty six joints in 35 patients with a history of TMJ dysfunction were imaged writ MR using $T_1$-weighted spin echo sequence. According to disk position, ability to reduction, and the presence of osteoarthritis, the joints were categorized into three groups. A group 1 was anterior disk displacement with reduction; a group 2 was anterior disk displacement without reduction; a group 3 was anterior disk displacement without reduction and condyle had osteoarthritic change. The control group was determined by the clinical absence of any signs or symptoms of current or past TMJ pain and dysfunction. Calculated the relative value of MR signal intensity in posterior attachment and disk to cerebral cortex of temporal lobe by means of computer program, we have compared them with each groups. The result showed statistically little significant difference of disk signal intensity among each groups. but, signal intensity from posterior attachment in group 2 and 3 were significantly(p<0.05) decreased than control group. this might reflect an fibrosis or hyalinization of posterior attachment, which was part of remodeling process that occurs in disk displacement without reduction. However, this study could not demonstrate histologic confirmation of the decreased signal intensity in the posterior attachment. So, further investigation could be needed to understand the association between them.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2017년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.158-158
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• 2017

Titanium and its alloys have been used in the field dental and orthopedic implants because of their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility. Despite these attractive properties, their passive films were somewhat bioinert in nature so that sufficient adhesion of bone cells to implant surface was delayed after surgical treatment. Recently, plasma electrolyte oxidation (PEO) of titanium metal has attracted a great deal of attention is a comparatively convenient and effective technique and good adhesion to substrates and it enhances wear and corrosion resistances and produces thick, hard, and strong oxide coatings. Silicon(Si), Zinc(Zn), and Manganese(Mn) have a beneficial effect on bone. Si in particular has been found to be essential for normal bone and cartilage growth and development. And, Zn has been shown to be responsible for variations in body weight, bone length and bone biomechanical properties. Also, Mn influences regulation of bone remodeling because its low content in body is connected with the rise of the concentration of calcium, phosphates and phosphatase out of cells. The objective of this work was research on bone-like apatite morphology on Si-Zn-Mn-hydroxyapatite coating on Ti-6Al-4V alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation. Anodized alloys were prepared at 280V voltage in the solution containing Si, Zn, and Mn ions. The surface characteristics of PEO treated Ti-6Al-4V alloy were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM, and EDS.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.29-39
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• 2015

In farming area, the elderly population is increasing year after year. And the gap between farming area and the city regarding quality of life is getting bigger and bigger. Besides, it has much poorer ground for living than the city. The current farming village maintenance project is adopting a different system now from the top-down project exclusively led by the government in the past to the bottom-up one reflecting how the residents think positively. Lack of the residents' understanding and education about the maintenance project, however, some of them are just focused on maintenance and development distorted from making a village where people want to live. Accordingly, this study will analyze the characteristics of farming villages by their types based on field research and spatial analysis using Space Syntax in order to develop more premeditated and effective maintenance plans to perform maintenance in farming area. As a result, When you install streetlights street lights should be installed at places with a high of Connectivity and spatial depth is deep. Based on this method, the research is going to suggest the current status of street furniture improvement in the villages and the proper positions for their future installation.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-106
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• 2004

Purpose : This study evaluated the effect of VEGF in the arterial anastomosis by using light and electron microscopy. Marerials and method : Rats underwent femoral arterial end-to-end anastomosis after transection and topical VEGF treatment. The proximal and distal segments of the femoral arteries was drenched with 1 drop of VEGF $(100ng/100{\mu}l/bottle)$. and when half of the repair was finished, the other 1 drop was drenched and then the repair was continued to complete the anastomosis. Gross and histologic characteristics of arterial wall were assessed after 3 days, 1, 3 and 5 weeks. In the control group, normal saline solution instead of VEGF was dropped with the same method in the anastomosis. Results : The histologic findings of the arterial wall were the vascular remodeling with the infiltration of inflammatory cells at early stages and the tissue fibrosis at lately stages in the anastomotic sites of the control and the VEGF-treated groups. The scanning electron microscopic results were; (1) the anastomotic sites were covered by many irregular cells with long cytoplasmic processes at the early stages. (2) After 1 week, endothelial cells started to cover the anastomotic sites. (3) After 3 weeks, the anastomotic sites were partially covered by endothelial cells in the control group. (4) After 5 weeks, the anastomotic sites were completely covered by endothelial cells in the control and VEGF-treated groups. (5) In the VEGF-treated group, the anastomotic site was completely covered by endothelial cells which directed parallel to longitudinal axis of arteries after 3 weeks. Conclusion : Topical VEGF maintained luminal integrity by decreasing fibrosis and increasing re-endothelialization. These findings suggest that topical VEGF may be a promising new strategy to enhance healing and improve the outcome of vascular anastomosis.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2011

Since the government of Korea (Ministry of Environment, MOE) introduced the policy applying 'Biotope-Area-Ratio-Indicator (BARI)' to huge residential land developments which Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) should be performed, MOE has come to have the necessity to apply the indicator concretely at the stage of Prior Environment Review System (PERS) and EIA in various types of large scale land development projects. This study was conducted with the aim of supporting the application of BARI and related decision making in various other types of EIA projects as well as residential development projects through remodeling the system to apply the indicator of the past. Through the analysis of the problems in applying the past BARI and experimental appraisals to 11 types of EIA projects, the results and implications as follows were drawn. First, it's possible to extend the range of applications of BARI, which has been applied to only residential land development project, to all kinds of projects with area-typed land use pattern out of environmental impact assessment target projects. Second, it's also possible to set a target value into which regional characteristics and differences among locational properties are reflected. In addition, it's come to be able to differentially apply the target value of BARI according to the condition of the existing site. Third, it's improved to be able to suggest a macroscopic target value at the stage of PERS and to set detailed target values in each detailed land use at the stage of EIA. The key point underlies inducing methodology to determine target values to secure more permeable land coverage ratio for detailed land use patterns at the stage of EIA by making it possible to calculate BARI of the present land cover condition of the EIA target projects.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2014

PURPOSE. This study focused on in vitro cell differentiation and surface characteristics in a magnesium coated titanium surface implanted on using a plasma ion source. MATERIALS AND METHODS. 40 commercially made pure titanium discs were prepared to produce Ti oxide machined surface (M) and Mg-incorporated Ti oxide machined surface (MM). Surface properties were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On each surface, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, alizarin red S staining for mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells, and quantitative analysis of osteoblastic gene expression, were evaluated. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP and GAPDH performing RT-PCR were performed to characterize osteoclast differentiation on mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs). RESULTS. MM showed similar surface morphology and surface roughness with M, but was slightly smoother after ion implantation at the micron scale. M was more hydrophobic than MM. No significant difference between surfaces on ALP activity at 7 and 14 days were observed. Real-time PCR analyses showed similar levels of mRNA expression of the osteoblast phenotype genes; osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), and collagen 1 (Col 1) in cell grown on MM at 7, 14 and 21 days. Alizarin red S staining at 21 days showed no significant difference. BMMs differentiation increased in M and MM. Actin ring formation assay and gene expression analysis of TRAP showed osteoclast differentiation to be more active on MM. CONCLUSION. Both M and MM have a good effect on osteoblastic cell differentiation, but MM may speed the bone remodeling process by activating on osteoclast differentiation.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2014

Energy poverty has been defined as low-income households who paid energy cost more than 10% of their ordinary income. Therefore, there are various subsidy programs focused on house remodeling for low-income households and one of them is the Home Energy Efficiency Assistance Program which have done by Korea Energy Foundation since 2007. The aim of the program is to improve the thermal performance of dilapidated dwellings and analyzed the detached house for the low-income households to develop the building typology. The database contained approximately 3,061 households which was obtained from the program in 2013 and the results of the study were like this; 1) For the shape of residential houses, the number of rectangular shaped building was higher than non-rectangular shaped ones. 2) For the orientation of buildings, the south layout of the detached housing was dominant to gain heating energy into buildings. 3) For the floor area, the average floor area was $44.2m^2$, although its size varied wide variations, which range from $6.3m^2$ to $107.1m^2$. 4) For the windows and doors, the south-facing window was larger than the other side. Finally it would be possible to determine the characteristics of residential houses for low-income families. A future study could establish typology of low-income housing that it would estimate the performance of each model building before and after the retrofit to improve the energy performance.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2003

At present, health care industries throughout the world are struggling with the challenges to set up financial structures as cost-effective ways and means of satisfying customer needs for health care services. Many hospitals consign foodservice management to foodservice companies for the purpose of efficiency. The companies taking charge of hospital foodservice are also striving to gain an advantage over keen competitions. This study applied Quality Function Deployment(QFD) to one hospital (which will be shown as $\ulcorner$A hospital$\lrcorner$ below) managed by a contract foodservice company for the purpose of strategy planning to provide sustainable competitive advantage. First of all, this study scanned internal and external environment of $\ulcorner$A hospital$\lrcorner$ by means of a Quality Measurement Tool and a fieldwork study. With the result of environment scanning, this study elicited 20 strategies through SWOT analysis, which were categorized by 4 perspectives such as financial, customer, internal process, learning and growth perspectives. Finally, the priorities of 20 strategies were extracted from QFD methodology. According to the results obtained by applying QFD to $\ulcorner$A hospital$\lrcorner$'s foodservice, the strategies which $\ulcorner$A hospital$\lrcorner$ foodservice was obliged to introduce and implement were : the specialization of Children's hospital foodservice, scientific foodservice management through the standardization of foodservice operations, the maintenance of sanitary quality through sanitary system, the remodeling of facilities, the introduction of new equipment, the prompt and accurate response to customer needs, the development of appropriate patient menus, the provision of competitively priced meals for patient selection, the development of a demand forecast model by considering the characteristics of a children's hospital, improvement of productivity and the reduction of labor costs through the employment of experienced employees based on their seniority.