• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2004

This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by heavy metal(Pb), tried to increase the efficiency of remediation using zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were conducted to apply the EK extraction and test conditions which contained the electrode reversal, operating time were established. After tests, lead-ions were transported into the specific position of zeolite by EK phenomena, then the immobilization of lead-ions at zeolite was developed. Based on these tests, the efficiency of remediation is different with its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was improved dramatically by adding zeolite without electrode reversal and satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of zeolite were proved its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application as enhanced EK remediation method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

Variation of decision variables for optimal remediation using the pump-and-treat method is examined to estimate the effect of the degree of concentration constraint. Simulation-optimization method using genetic algorithm is applied to minimize the total pumping volume. In total volume minimization strategy, the remediation time increases rapidly prior to significant increase in pumping rates. When the concentration constraint is set severer, the more wells are required and the well on the down-gradient direction from the plume hot-spot gives more efficient remediation performance than that on the hot-spot position. These results show that the more profitable strategy for remediation can be achieved by increasing the required remediation time than raising the pumping rate until the time reaches a certain limitation level. So, the remediation time has to be considered as one of the essential decision variables fer optimal remediation design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.199-202
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• 2004

In this study the field-scale tests were performed in which in-situ E/K remediation technologies were applied, and then the results were present. For traditional E/K remediation method the efficiency of remediation is not large, but the enhanced method with citric acid significantly increases the removal efficiency. Also EDTA, reported as a good enhancement agent for removal of heavy metals, is similar to that of citric acid. Therefore citric acid is preferred rather than EDTA in view of the cost on the contaminant removal per unit concentration.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-28
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• 2010

Considering six screen matrix to select an optimum remediation method for the Kunsan military base contaminated with petroleum oil, the following order was obtained: landfarming > biopile > soil washing > thermal desorption = incineration. When the landfarming method was applied for the remediation of 2,250 $m^3$ soil contaminated with petroleum oil ranging from 500 to 2,404 mg/kg as TPH, contamination level decreased below target concentration 450 mg/kg after 20~42 days depending on the initial contamination. From the evaluation of case studies of landfarming, it is suggested that ratty-truss or single-arch structure is suitable in the landfarming plant for the treatment of large-scale contaminated soil requiring long period of remediation. But, vinyl-house structure is suitable in the landfarming plant for the treatment of small-scale contaminated soil requiring short period of remediation. Therefore vinyl-house structure is recommended in the remediation of contaminated soil less than 5,000 $m^3$ requiring within 1 year of remediation period but ratty-truss or single-arch structure is recommended for the remediation of contaminated soil more than 5,000 $m^3$.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2005

This study applied EK method to remediate contaminated soil by lead (Pb), tried increasing efficiency of remediation using adsorbent (apatite and zeolite) as enhanced EK remediation method to overcome the limit of traditional EK remediation method. Adsorption tests on Pb were practiced to extract EK, making different concentration of contaminated soil, voltage condition, operating time etc., transferring Pb-ion into the position of adsorbent, then tried immobilization. On this results, the efficiency of remediation is different on its test conditions. In addition, the efficiency of remediation was not only improved by adding electrode revεrsal and install position of adsorbent but also satisfied TCLP regulation of EPA in USA through the whole sample range. Finally, absorption and immobilization capacity of apatite and zeolite proved on its excellence and confirmed the possibility of application of apatite and zeolite as enhanced EK remediation method.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.85-103
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• 2023

The in-situ remediation of a solidified stratum containing a large amount of fine-texture material like clay or organic matter in contaminated soil faces limitations such as increased remediation cost resulting from decreased purification efficiency. Even if the soil conditions are good, remediation generally requires a long time to complete because of non-uniform soil properties and low permeability. This study assessed the remediation effect and evaluated the field applicability of a methodology that combines pneumatic fracturing, vacuum extraction, and plasma blasting (the PPV method) to improve the limitations facing existing underground remediation methods. For comparison, underground remediation was performed over 80 days using the experimental PPV method and chemical oxidation (the control method). The control group showed no decrease in the degree of contamination due to the poor delivery of the soil remediation agent, whereas the PPV method clearly reduced the degree of contamination during the remediation period. Remediation effect, as assessed by the reduction of the highest TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) concentration by distance from the injection well, was uncleared in the control group, whereas the PPV method showed a remediation effect of 62.6% within a 1 m radius of the injection well radius, 90.1% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 92.1% within 2.1~3.0 m. When evaluating the remediation efficiency by considering the average rate of TPH concentration reduction by distance from the injection well, the control group was not clear; in contrast, the PPV method showed 53.6% remediation effect within 1 m of the injection well, 82.4% within 1.1~2.0 m, and 68.7% within 2.1~3.0 m. Both ways of considering purification efficiency (based on changes in TPH maximum and average contamination concentration) found the PPV method to increase the remediation effect by 149.0~184.8% compared with the control group; its average increase in remediation effect was ~167%. The time taken to reduce contamination by 80% of the initial concentration was evaluated by deriving a correlation equation through analysis of the TPH concentration: the PPV method could reduce the purification time by 184.4% compared with chemical oxidation. However, the present evaluation of a single site cannot be equally applied to all strata, so additional research is necessary to explore more clearly the proposed method's effect.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.41-50
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• 2014

In relation to spatial expression, the remediation theory of Jay David Bolter & Richard Grusin shows a sufficient possibility of providing extended idea and experience through the space of critical representation. The remediation theory discussed in the scope of new media says about the existence method and the development process of media through immersion into media and awakening, and one attribute of remediation which aims at the extension of another realistic experience and recognition through various media, contains common denominators which display diversity and complexity of installation space, and use the audience as expression elements. Therefore, this study aims to apply the remediation theory in order to interpret space using more diverse and multisensory expression methods. For achieving this purpose, this study found the connection among characteristics of hypermediacy which is an axis of installation and remediation theory, and analyzed diverse cases regarding installation space and characteristics of hypermediacy, depending on external aspects of form and expression and internal aspects of experience and cognition. The method of hypermediation expression in installation space converts the recognition about the basic custom of new experience, space and representation. This means that the logic of remediation could approach space by leading to more extended form and recognition. In conclusion, the characteristics of space and the possibility of extended expression revealed in the relationship between installation space and hypermediacy logic would provide another developmental significance for research on space design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.41-47
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• 1998

The solvent flushing apparatus for soil remediation was manufactured. After the soil around nuclear facilities was sampled and was compulsorily contaminated by Co, the remediation characteristics by solvent flushing were analyzed. Meanwhile, one-dimensional solute transport within nonequilibrium sorption code was developed for modelling of the soil remediation, input parameters for modelling were measured by laboratory experiment. Experimental results are as follows : When water was used as a solvent, the higher was the hydraulic conductivity, the higher the efficiency of soil remediation was. When EDTA solution was used as a solvent, the soil remediation efficiency of EDTA solution showed higher than that of water.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.117-125
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• 2010

Theories and concepts emerging in new media environment are influencing the field of current spatial design. Art and technology have always coexisted, not but they are differentiated in two parts. They show new communicational paradigm in terms of supplementary position each other. The fact that examining the expression method and the communicational structure of today's new media art will be an analytical tool which analyzes the concepts of contemporary spatial design. For this, we attempt to use the Bolter and Gusin's remediation theory as analytical tool. First of all, we consider its theoretical aspects, and then, classify them according to the creation method, and investigate the characteristics of expression according to their types. We prepared an framework of analysis using the Remediation theory and its traits. We reviewed the relations between new media and spaces concerning remediation. After researching, we could analyze the cognitive aspects between new media and spaces as immediacy, and recognize the operational aspects of visual image as hypermediacy. Through the analysis, we could recognize the traits that digital environmental simulacres, sense of telepresence, and non-linear hypermediacy etc. remediate with repeating of mediation of mediation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.1136-1144
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• 2022

The effects of nearby residents and the public by the residual contamination from the decommissioning of nuclear facilities should comply with the dose criteria, and whether additional remediation action is necessary from the ALARA perspective must be determined. Therefore, we analyzed the requirements of ALARA action levels and performed preliminary ALARA evaluation. The ratio of residual contamination concentration to DCGL was calculated for the basement fill and the building occupancy mode. The results showed that the additional remediation actions below DCGL are not justified. In addition, we analyzed the effect of remediation area. It was noted that the increase of the remediation area showed a positive correlation with the Conc/DCGL value in the basement fill mode. On the other hand, in the building occupancy mode, since the floor area of the building is the target of remediation and has the effect of increasing the same as the evaluation area of the building occupants, but due to the difference in the amount of increase, the Conc/DCGL showed a negative correlation. We expect the approach and method of ALARA evaluation can be utilized for concrete cost-benefit calculation during the decommissioning or at the time of remediation.