• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.12-32
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• 2023

Nowadays, the increasing number of religious travelers seeking inner healing has led to the popularity of Buddhist 'temple stays', Protestant and Catholic 'retreats' as alternative vacations. However, unlike Buddhist temples, which are inculturated, Christian retreat centers follow the formula of general recreational facilities and lack an overall framework due to relying on sponsorship. This study attempts to design appropriate outdoor environments for a retreat by reflecting 'theological aesthetics' based on the process of 'Spiritual Exercises', the main method of retreat. First, as the Spiritual Exercises are often described as an 'inner pilgrimage', the images and theological aesthetics experienced in prayer themes were examined. Next, the characteristics of the spaces required for the facility were analyzed, and the composition of religious spaces was proposed. Also the landscape resources of the site were investigated, and the retreatants' behavior to derive spatial preferences was analyzed. Overall, outdoor spaces were planned to induce a shift in consciousness and broaden the spectrum of the retreatants' experience through a physical environment consistent with the mechanism of prayer. This study aimed to implement theological aesthetics by selecting a retreat center with high potential for landscape resources. As a result, it was possible to reveal the 'poetic landscape' to effectively evoke images during 'contemplative prayer', and to support religious experience. The significance of this study lied in deriving various design vocabularies for outdoor spaces of religious facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1215-1226
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• 1997

Textiles in Bali have traditionally played a vital role in the social economic and religious life of the people. Textiles defined the status of the individual in term of both costume and wealth. Use of the various textiles is in Balinese tradition dictated primarily by rules of the Hindu-Balinese faith. Cloths and clothing are employed in worship of God and the ancestors. Gold songket patterned textiles are perceived as symbol of wealth and prestige and provide a fitting display of affluence at important cerenlonial events. The specialized pieces of clothing, temple banners and hangings are unique to each tribal group ranging from weft -patterned textiles in Bali. The impact of Indian ideas and techniques was important in the field of textiles, and many of the characteristics in Bali's fabric design derived from Hindu-Buddhist mythology that has furnished subject-matter for songket textile art. The purpose of this study is to examine the background of Balinese culture and to define the characteristics of Hindu-Balinese textiles. The songket textile design also analyzes by examing the techniques of songket weaving and the meaning of design, pattern, and motif. Many design and motifs convey important messages significant only to those familiar with the particular social religious principle of people who have produced them. It is only by seeing cloths in their cultural context that we can begin to understand their true value and meaning.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.6
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• pp.6-14
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to establish the direction for creating the beautiful and lively space of the reli-gious architecture as a consquence of trying to under-stand the forms of control of the light and the symbolic meaning of the production in the interior space of the re-ligious architecture. The scope of this study has been limited to the natural light and to the establishment of theoretical background by analyzing the essence and method of space formation by the light in a side view of development and psychology and establishing the concept related to the architectur-al space formation of the light as well as researching and analyzing the meaning and the method of production of the light. And at the same time the conclusion has been induced as a guide of verifying theoretical background by analyz-ing the practical use related to the control and the pro-duction of the light through the spot research and the referential materials in a way of case research into 5 do-mestic religious architectures as the subject of research.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.175-191
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• 2012

It is said that the mainstream of the oriental culture is Confucian culture, but not be the unique culture of Korea. The religious object in Taoist ideology of immortality reflecting the awareness of cultural community and Korean identity was three spirits. Three spirits are one spirit in terms of main subject. Three spirits were named because they rule the heaven, the earth and human beings each in the reality. The custom performing the religious service to the heaven and the earth is not based on the Taoist ideology of immortality but only the superstition which we can't understand. However, we can clearly understand the reason why the ideology has been transmitted up to now in our awareness and culture when we understand the basis of that ideology. The theory on the origin based on the birthplace of Taoist ideology would be based on the shamanism of Eastern barbarianism and their cultural features. Accordingly, this paper aimed to identify the formative features of phoenix pattern and background of the formation of phoenix pattern based on the unique culture of Korea. Furthermore, the traditional craft works of Korea with the phoenix pattern which secured its position as the representative pattern of Korea will be investigated.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.156-163
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• 2004

The Caravanserai, which can be discovered in the Islamic States in the regions of the Northern Africa and the Middle Asia, still maintains its profound influence to the Islamic World as one of significant edifices in the Islamic World. The majority of the Islamic people at the time of the foundation of Islamic State around AD. 7th century was the nomads, and a trade by means of caravan with their neighboring people was their critical activity for obtaining the necessities of life. With its political and social condition of the Islamic State stabilized and economy developed, the scope of commerce began to grow and the scale of trading with foreign countries started to expand. Along with this economic expansion, the caravanserai began to take a shape as a channel through which not only could the commercial commodities be traded but also religious Islamic ideas and important information could be spread into and shared with the people of neighboring countries. The significance of the caravanserai comes from such observation that it did play major roles in consolidating the solidarity of Islamic states and keeping a religious unity among them. The caravanserai, heading far beyond being a mere commercial center, ultimately functioned as a seedbed of life and spirit of the Islam. Starting from the understanding of social and political significance of the caravanserai, I set the first objective of this article to read into the architecture and interior design of the caravanserai and understand the general characteristics of the Islamic architecture and interior design.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.509-518
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• 2003

Gasa was a surplice of Buddhist monk. It was usually worn in the religious ceremony. Gasa was such a religious cloth that was ruled strongly by Buddha's Commandments, and a kind of cloth that was also reflected by historical, cultural, and ideological factors of each nation. Korean Gasa had various features comparing to the Original Gasa or to that of South Asia which is the birthplace of Buddhism. One of them was 天 王 embroideries that we could find upon the regular square base in the four comers of Korean Gasa. These figures symbolized the Four Devas which were believed guarding Buddhist sanctum. These Devas appeared from the era of the Three Kingdoms when Buddhism imported. Buddhism as a alien religion had been developed through conflicting and fusing with Korean traditional religious characteristics into type of 'Faith to Three Treasures' (Buddha, Buddhist Commandments, Buddhist monk). They believed that embroidering 天 王 figures upon the regular square bases in the four corners were able to protect Buddhist monk by the help of Four Devas. We might say this as a kind of Faith to Buddhist monk.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.5-19
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to study the role of life satisfaction, quality consciousness, and religiosity, which are integrated with the TRA Model to explain the switching intention of Muslim consumers to use Halal Cosmetics and Personal Care (HCPC). The second purpose is to investigate the relationship between variables used in this study to provide recommendations to HCPC producers about Muslim consumer behavior in the market. Research design, data, and methodology: The target population in this study is Muslims who live in Greater Jakarta. Data collection is carried out by the self-administered survey method based on the Purposive sampling technique, and the questionnaire is distributed online. The statistical analysis to test the research hypotheses is the Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Model (PLS-SEM). Results: Life satisfaction, product quality consciousness, and religious commitment have a significant effect on attitude to switching but do not significantly influence the intention of switching to use HCPC. Conclusions: Life satisfaction, quality consciousness, and religiosity that represent individual factors indirectly affect the intention to switch to use HCPC. Thus, religious commitment influences attitude to switching both directly and indirectly.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to review phenomenological characteristics in Steven Holl's architecture through his design of St. Ignatius Chapel at Seattle University. To obtain this purpose, an analytical frame based on Holl's theory of phenomenological architecture is suggested to have a systematic study for St. Ignatius chapel. This chapel can be a good example of phenomenological architecture in that it is based on the concept of 'A Gathering of Different Lights' related to phenomenology and considered perception including multi sensory (as well as vision) as primary factors from site and program interpretation to spatial configuration. Unprecedented exterior of St. Ignatius chapel reflected on characteristics and function of rooms to magnify user's spatial experiences through inducing natural light and spatial effect. Holl used various openings and screen for natural light with colors to invoke religious inspiration. He also try to give spatial depth and multi foci for experiencing space through various ceiling forms. These phenomenological features originated in client's strong will as well as appropriateness of the function of facility's religious experiences through building to the purpose of phenomenological architecture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.53-54
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• 2006

Recently with increasing interest in the operation of life cycle, building remodeling business is spreading like a fashion. Keeping pace with the trend, the present project carried out the remodeling of an existing neighborhood facility into a religious facility based on the concepts of remodeling, reform and renovation. Basic requirements were overcoming spatial limitations, solving structural problems, meeting various functional needs, and securing a spatial size, and the project designed the interior of the building according to these requirements suggested by the owner. To overcome the low floor height of the existing space, the main sanctuary on the 1st floor had the ceiling in the form of a slant and installed indirect lighting into the resulting gaps, maximizing the depth and width of the space visually. The subsidiary sanctuary on the first basement was finished with red bricks, forming an arch using the bricks, to create religious atmosphere. However, considering the low floor height as in the 1st floor and the ceiling even lowered by the arch structure, the arch was formed threefold and the radius of the curvature of the arch was enlarged to secure a spacious feeling. The outer appearance was finished with granite on existing structure to save the cost of construction. In addition to the use of the finishing material, the structure of the arch and the frame of the opening part and the finishing of the walls were expressed with uneven surface in order to avoid the plainness of the appearance.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.762-770
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine of the flower patterned fabrics used for the Shrouds during 15~18th century in Chosun Dynasty. The Shrouds at that time could be classified by the garments for the dead(殮襲衣) and the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具). And we looked into the types and the compounding methods of the flower pattern used for the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具) as well as the Shrouds accounting to the uses. Results of this study are as follows. 1) The flower patterned fabrics weaved as the uses of the garments for the dead(殮襲衣), item by item, were divided into the upper garment, the lower garment and men's Po(coat). 2) Seeing Jeogori, mixed various flower patterned fabrics, among the upper garment, there were focused on the various good meanings such as longevity, integrity and prosperity etc. 3) The flower patterns in men's Po(coat) were used a lot in Jangui and Dahnryoung. Cheollik, Dappo, Jeonbok, etc made of the flower patterned fabrics, were of small number but we can feel an aesthetic sense of men at that time. 4) The flower patterned fabrics weaved the lower garments, were used much more in the skirts than in the trousers, for reasons of the wrapping a dead body. 5) Seeing the flower pattern used the utensils used in religious services(殮襲諸具), the pattern of Lotus and Arabesque, among the types of flower pattern, had a majority.