• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.34 no.5
• /
• pp.801-808
• /
• 2004

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify the effect of self-foot reflexology on the relief of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea in high school girls. Method: Study subjects was 236 women residing in the community, teachers and nurses who were older than 45 were recruited. Data was collected with self administered questionnaires from July 1st to August 31 st, 2003 and analysed using SPSS/WIN 10.0 with Xtest, t-test, and stepwise multiple logistic regression at a significant level of =.05. Result: The breast cancer screening rate was 57.2%, and repeat screening rate was 15.3%. With the multiple logistic regression analysis, factors associated with mammography screening were age and perceived barriers of action, and factors related to the repeat mammography screening were education level and other cancer screening experience. Conclusion: Based on the results, we recommend the development of an intervention program to decrease the perceived barrier of action, to regard mammography as an essential test in regular check-up, and to giveactive advertisement and education to the public to improve the rates of breast cancer screening and repeat screening.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.16 no.12
• /
• pp.3943-3959
• /
• 2022

People are constantly exposed to stress and anxiety environment, which could contribute to a variety of psychological and physical health problems. Therefore, it is particularly important to identify psychological stress in time and to find a feasible and universal method of stress reduction. This research investigated the influence of different music, such as relaxation music and natural rhythm music, on stress relief based on Electroencephalogram signals. Mental arithmetic test was implemented to create a stressful environment. 23 participants performed the mental arithmetic test with and without music respectively, while their Electroencephalogram signal was recorded. The effect of music on stress relief was verified through stress test questionnaires, including Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-6) and Self-Stress Assessment. There was a significant change in the stress test questionnaire values with and without music according to paired t-test (p<0.01). Furthermore, a model based on Transformer for stress level classification from Electroencephalogram signal was proposed. Experimental results showed that the method of listening to relaxation music and natural rhythm music achieved the effect of reducing psychological stress and the proposed model yielded a promising accuracy in classifying the Electroencephalogram signal of mental stress.

• CELLMED
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.2.1-2.9
• /
• 2022

The study has been carried out for the comparative analysis of relevant literature in order to highlight the present topic "Clinical study on effect on Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation)". Total no. of 40 cases has been selected from OPD and IPD of Panchakarma department, through proper history taking and clinical examination prior to VirechanaKarma. Only VirechanaKarmaYogya subjects were selected for the VirechanaKarma. Analysis of VirechanKarma on the basis of Vegiki (purgative bouts), Maniki (quantity), Langiki (clinical features) and Aantiki (end product) features were done in this study. In this study a highly significant relief was found in patients i.e. p<0.001 due to Virechana mainly vitiated PittaDosha (the heat energy in the body) and secondary Kaphadosha (mucus) and VataDosha (subtle energy associated with movement) are being expelled out which might have accounted for better relief in VirechanYogya (indicated) individuals (Pitta Pradhan Vyadhi (vitiated pitta), RaktajRoga (hemopoietic diseases), ShodhanYogyaAvastha (detoxification), etc.) in the above group of patients. VirechanaDravyas have properties like Tikshna (hyperfunction), Sukshma(subtle), Ushna (heat), etc. are described in Ayurvedic classics which play a vital role in the mode of action of VirechanaKarma has also been explained under probable mode of action.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.772-783
• /
• 2018

The aims of this study were to use the Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography to examine the presence of familial gastric dysmotility among monozygotic twins and their mothers; to determine the relationship between the symptoms and the indexes of the Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography; and to observe the therapeutic reaction for each differential treatment between twins with familial gastric dysmotility. The same herbal medication (Banhasasim-tang extract three times/day and Sojuckkunbi-tang extract three times/day) was given to each twin, but the younger twin also underwent manual acupuncture on the CV 10, 12, and 13 points of the abdominal wall and electrical stimulation of both ST 36 points of the lower leg 2-3 times per week. Evaluation of the therapeutic effect was followed after six weeks. The presence of familial gastric dysmotility was shown in the autonomic nerve system and gastric muscle and was thought to be a common pathophysiology induced by genetic co-ownership. Only the younger twin showed any marked relief of the dyspeptic symptoms associated with improvement of pyloric sphincter function, which was induced by acupuncture treatment. The Rydoraku test, electrogastrography, and enterotachography results showed the presence of familial gastric dysmotility. Although Korean traditional medicine had no effect on the familiar gastric dysmotility associated with genetic influences, the acupuncture treatment had a beneficial effect on the secondary disorder of pyloric sphincter function, which is associated with the relief of dyspeptic symptoms.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.153-157
• /
• 2016

Tapentadol is a novel oral analgesic with a dual mode of action as an agonist of the ${\mu}$-opioid receptor (MOR), and as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) all in a single molecule. Immediate release (IR) tapentadol shows its analgesic effect quickly, at around 30 minutes. Its MOR agonistic action produces acute nociceptive pain relief; its role as an NRI brings about chronic neuropathic pain relief. Absorption is rapid, with a mean maximal serum concentration at 1.25-1.5 h after oral intake. It is present primarily in the form of conjugated metabolites after glucuronidation, and excretes rapidly and completely via the kidneys. The most common adverse reactions are nausea, dizziness, vomiting, and somnolence. Constipation is more common in use of the ER formulation. Precautions against concomitant use of central nervous system depressants, including sedatives, hypnotics, tranquilizers, general anesthetics, phenothiazines, other opioids, and alcohol, or use of tapentadol within 14 days of the cessation of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, are advised. The safety and efficacy have not been established for use during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, or for nursing mothers, pediatric patients less than 18 years of age, and cases of severe renal impairment and severe hepatic impairment. The major concerns for tapentadol are abuse, addiction, seeking behavior, withdrawal, and physical dependence. The presumed problem for use of tapentadol is to control the ratio of MOR agonist and NRI. In conclusion, tapentadol produces both nociceptive and neuropathic pain relief, but with worries about abuse and dependence.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.29-36
• /
• 1992

This study was objected to evaluate clinical progressions about both the degree of pain relief and the occurrence of morphine tolerance while the epidural analgesia with low dose of morphine, bupivacaine and antidepressant continued repeatedly at every 5 day intervals of the constant-rate infusion(0.5 ml/hr, 60 ml capacity). The subjects were divided to 56 cancer and 36 non-cancer patients who failed to respond to palliative treatments. Before the relief of pain, the pain severity was moderate(10%) and severe(90%). The dose escalation of morphine noted to 11(20%)patients in cancer pain and to one(5%) case only in non-cancer. During the epidural analgesia, the effect of pain relief was moderate(11%) and good(89%). It suggest that the morphine tolerance may be reduced to some degree such as an initial minimum dose of epidural morphine with local anesthetic and antidepressant should be adjusted on an individual basis using the constant-rate infusor, even though rapid dose escalation occurrs in some patients who the diseases progress over a short period of time.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
• /
• v.41
• /
• pp.44.1-44.7
• /
• 2019

Background: We evaluated the improvement of pain and the increase in mouth opening after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis and the possible association with various factors such as previous splint treatment, medication, and diagnosis. Results: We studied 57 temporomandibular joint disorder patients who underwent arthrocentesis at Korea University Anam Hospital. These patients (24 males and 33 females, aged between 15 and 76 years) underwent arthrocentesis that was performed by one surgeon. The degree of mouth opening (assessed using the maximum mouth opening: MMO) and pain (assessed using the visual analog scale: VAS) were assessed pre- and post-arthrocentesis. The study also investigated whether treatment modalities other than arthrocentesis (medication and appliance therapy) were performed. Statistical analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in mouth opening and pain after temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis. Preoperative appliance therapy affected the results of arthrocentesis, but it was not statistically significant. With regard to pain relief, preoperative diagnosis did not show a significant difference. However, with regard to maximum mouth opening, patients with disc displacement without reduction with limited mouth opening (closed lock) showed the highest recovery (11.13 mm). Conclusion: The average of MMO increase after arthrocentesis was 9.10 mm, and patients with disc displacement without reduction with locking (closed lock) showed most recovery in maximum mouth opening and it was statistically significant. The average pain relief of patients after arthrocentesis was 3.03 in the VAS scale, and patients using anterior repositioning splint (ARS) preoperatively showed the most pain relief.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2012

Objectives : Today, one of the most basically used procedures to dental patients is scaling for removing tartar. The purpose of this study is the effect of Happycaine during scaling for pain relief. Methods : This study was used self-questionnaire from 202 patients. SPSS 18.0 vision program was used for data analysis. Group A was used Happycaine, but group B wasn't used Happycaine. The degree of pain relief depending on use of Happycaine, was analyzed by Independent-two-sample t-test. Emotion and reaction during scaling was analyzed by mean and standard deviation. The results were as follows. Results : 1. 52.5% participants answered 'require scaling' and 12.9% answered 'required scaling very much'. so 65.4% participants recognized the need of scaling. 2. According to the experience of Happycaine during scaling, differences in pain was by Likert 5 pints scale, Group B's pain was higher than Group A's(p=0.000). 3. According to the experience of Happycaine during scaling, the mean of panic from Group B was a little higher than Group A(p=0.036). In case of cold symptom during scaling, Group B was significantly different(p=0.011). In Group B, pain from dental hygienists was significantly different (p=0.000). Group A was interested in Happycaine use in future scaling(p=0.004). Conclusions : As a result of this study, we recommend Happycaine during scaling in order to decrease mental burden and pain for patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.20
• /
• pp.8797-8800
• /
• 2014

Objective: To analyze cost-effectiveness of morphine, MS contin and oxycodone in the treatment of cancer pain, providing guidance for rational drug use in the clinic. Methods: Confirmed by histology, a total of 171 patients with various cancers who required analgesic treatment were selected and divided into 3 groups, 57 cases for each group, given morphine, MS contin and oxycodone, respectively. If there appeared a poor short-term effect or aggravated sudden pain during the treatment, a short-acting morphine injection was given and adverse reactions were processed by symptomatic treatment. The pain relief rate and adverse reactions of groups were observed and pharmacoeconomics evaluation was undertaken. Results: The pain relief rates with morphine, MS contin and oxycodone were 89.5%(51/57), 91.2%(52/57) and 93.0%(53/57), respectively, with no difference samong groups (${\chi}^2=4.4489$, P=0.6162). The occurrence rates of adverse reactions were 59.7%(34/57), 54.4%(31/57) and 43.9%(25/57), again with no significant variation (P>0.05). The ratios of cost-effectiveness (C/E) for the 3 groups were $14.6{\pm}7.21$, $15.0{\pm}7.44$ and $16.1{\pm}8.10$. When the price of 3 kinds of analgesics was reduced by 10%, the ratios of cost-effectiveness were $12.2{\pm}6.53$, ($13.4{\pm}6.08$ and $14.5{\pm}6.74$ but there was no differences when compared with before the price adjustment (t=1.86, P=0.0651; t=1.30, P=0.1948; t=1.17, P=0.2453). Conclusion: Morphine, MS contin and oxycodone give similar pain relief and adverse reaction rates but of all, morphine is the preferred drug for the treatment of cancer pain from the perspective of pharmacoeconomics.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.22-31
• /
• 2015

Background: The celiac plexus and splanchnic nerves are targets for neurolytic blocks for pain relief from pain caused by upper gastrointestinal tumors. Therefore, we investigated the analgesic effect of a celiac plexus block versus a splanchnic nerve block and the effects of these blocks on the quality of life six months post-intervention for patients with upper GIT tumors. Methods: Seventy-nine patients with inoperable upper GIT tumors and with severe uncontrolled visceral pain were randomized into two groups. These were Group I, for whom a celiac plexus block was used with a bilateral needle retrocrural technique, and Group II, for whom a splanchnic nerve block with a bilateral needle technique was used. The visual analogue scale for pain (0 to 100), the quality of life via the QLQ-C30 questionnaire, and survival rates were assessed. Results: Pain scores were comparable in both groups in the first week after the block. Significantly more patients retained good analgesia with tramadol in the splanchnic group from 16 weeks onwards (P = 0.005, 0.001, 0.005, 0.001, 0.01). Social and cognitive scales improved significantly from the second week onwards in the splanchnic group. Survival of both groups was comparable. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrate that the efficacy of the splanchnic nerve block technique appears to be clinically comparable to a celiac block. All statistically significant differences are of little clinical value.