• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 1998

Although each company is trying to develop an economic analysis model with its own particular style or format, the appropriate method is not yet developed because there are many problems to be solved such as uncertainity of outcomes and intangible benefits of technology. The purpose of tris paper therefore is to suggest an economic analysis methodology, which reflects the complexity and the risk of R&D investment, through a case study on the development of a superconductor fault current limiter. A self-developed Monte Carlo simulation program utilized as a main tool in this paper was very useful for risk analysis of R&D investment which could not be solved in the previous DCF(Discounted Cash Flow) model. We also introduce learning effect to consider the intangible benefits such as Know-How obtained from R&D execution. The expected value and its probability distribution for R&D investment can be obtained by combining the Monte Carlo method with the decision tree approach. This result is helpful in judging the priority and the resource-allocation of R&D projects. It is however necessary to develop more precise model for quantifying the technology stock and the simulation program using the continuous probability distribution in expected values to improve the reliability of economic analysis on R&D projects.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.653-664
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• 2013

The design of computer-based instrumentation and control (I&C) systems is determined by the allocation of I&C functions to I&C systems and components. Due to the characteristics of computer-based technology, component failures can negatively affect several I&C functions, so that the reliability proof of the I&C systems requires the accomplishment of I&C system design analyses throughout the I&C life-cycle. On one hand, this paper proposes the restructuring of the sequential IEC 61513 I&C life-cycle according to the V-model, so as to adequately integrate the concept of verification and validation. On the other hand, based on a metamodel for the modeling of I&C systems, this paper introduces a method for the modeling and analysis of the effects with respect to the superposition of failure combinations and event sequences on the I&C system design, i.e. the temporal change of physical structure is analyzed. In the first step, the method is concerned with the modeling of the I&C systems. In the second step, the method considers the analysis of temporal change of physical structure, which integrates the concepts of the diversity and defense-in-depth analysis, fault tree analysis, event tree analysis, and failure mode and effects analysis.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.885-892
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the social engagement network in Sido Muncul's CSR, the partnership program with farmers, and how the implementation of corporate social entrepreneurship in the program is carried out. The research design uses qualitative methods with a grounded theory approach that tests the validity and reliability of the data using triangulation of data sources and methods, namely, data obtained through documentation and the results of surveys and interviews to more than one observation unit. Data was obtained from surveys and interviews with Sido Muncul's Public Relations and CSR Division, as well as partner farmers. The results of this study indicate that the social engagement network in Sido Muncul's partnership program is related to the role of farmer groups, farmer cooperatives, government, NGOs, universities, and private companies as facilitators and control functions, thus creating mutually beneficial relationships with one another. The process of implementing corporate social entrepreneurship in Sido Muncul's CSR for the partnership program with farmers consists of nine stages: problem identification, coordination with related parties, allocation of resources and commitments, collaboration with NGOs, local entrepreneurs and government, social innovation and the creation of new businesses, documentation of activities, reporting, monitoring and evaluation, as well as publications.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.867-876
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• 2015

This paper proposes an efficient interference control scheme for vehicular moving networks. The features of the proposed scheme are as follows: radio resources are separated into two resource groups to avoid interference between the cellular and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) links; V2V links are able to share the same radio resources for an improvement in the resource efficiency; and vehicles can adaptively adjust their transmission power according to the interference among the V2V links (based on the distributed power control (DPC) scheme derived using the network utility maximization method). The DPC scheme, which is the main feature of the proposed scheme, can improve both the reliability and data rate of a V2V link. Simulation results show that the DPC scheme improves the average signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of V2V links by more than 4 dB, and the sum data rate of the V2V links by 15% and 137% compared with conventional schemes.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1457-1463
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• 1999

This paper develops an real-time expert system for the electronic interlocking system. it obtains the higher safety by determining the railway interlocking strategy in order to prevent trains from colliding, and derailing in the viewpoint of veteran expert, considering the situation of station in real-time. The expert system determines the real-time interlocking strategy by confirming the interlocking relationships among signal facilities based on the interlocking knowledge base from input information such as signal, points, and it is implemented as the rule-based system in order to represented accurately and effectively the interlocking relationships. Especially in case of emergency the function which determines the rational route coordinating with IIKBAG on the workstation is designed in order to minimize the spreading effect. It is implemented in C computer language for the purpose of the implementation of the inference engine using the dynamic memory allocation technique, the build and interface of the station structure database. And, the validity of the built expert system is proved by simulating the diversity cases which may occur in the real system for the typical station model.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.34 no.2A
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• pp.139-146
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• 2009

This paper presents an average internal loop-back antenna calibration method for array antenna in TDD(Time Division Duplex) systems. The proposed method calibrates the amplitude and the phase of RF systems using into mal coupler and switches without aids of external calibration systems. The average calibration scheme of the proposed method also increases reliability of calibration performance. Computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed method corrects beamforming angles of DOA estimation algorithm and BER performance in transmit power allocation scheme.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.4
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• pp.157-169
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• 2003

This research was intended to have a grasp of the problems in physical education curriculum, After making an alternative plans of effective management. those were integrated and analyzed their own relations on the purpose of suggesting alternative plans to foster professionality of physical education teacher in order to improve real class of physical education. For this purpose, I referred to sundry records related with instruction of physical education teacher and also conducted a survey with 10 interviews such as researchers of central government education administration, and school commissioners in the ministry's provincial offices of education, professors in the university of pre-teacher training, and teachers involved in physical education. The conclusions were as follows; Physical education curriculum should be organized to reduce and diversify of the sport contents in various levels. Also, it should instruct students based on physical educational knowledge, and it is made up to know the achievement of goals through evaluation tools and development of rules having propriety and reliability. Such a physical educational curriculum developed from real class should inform continuously throughout the Ministry of Education & Human Resources Development and educational organization of physical education teachers and network of the school and mass media. So, it makes most people's recognition raise up, and we need discretionary authority of physical education teacher about time allocation of 45 minutes or 50 minutes for variety of lessons. And we need systematic installation such as reorganization of completion field in level of school.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.383-403
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• 2021

With the development of mobile edge computing (MEC), some late-model application technologies, such as self-driving, augmented reality (AR) and traffic perception, emerge as the times require. Nevertheless, the high-latency and low-reliability of the traditional cloud computing solutions are difficult to meet the requirement of growing smart cars (SCs) with computing-intensive applications. Hence, this paper studies an efficient offloading decision and resource allocation scheme in collaborative vehicular edge computing networks with multiple SCs and multiple MEC servers to reduce latency. To solve this problem with effect, we propose a context-aware offloading strategy based on differential evolution algorithm (DE) by considering vehicle mobility, roadside units (RSUs) coverage, vehicle priority. On this basis, an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model is employed to predict idle computing resources according to the base station traffic in different periods. Simulation results demonstrate that the practical performance of the context-aware vehicular task offloading (CAVTO) optimization scheme could reduce the system delay significantly.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.23-31
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• 2022

Purpose: This research is to answer the following research questions because of the importance of learning how retired businesspeople increase their financial security and quality of life. (1) how does an entrepreneur contribute to economic development? (2) what types of investments are performed by businesspeople after retirement? (3) how entrepreneurial financial attainment capacity and anticipated net income after retirement are related? Research design, data and methodology: This research has conducted the qualitative analysis (QCA) using the current literature review. In the traditional positivist research paradigm, the quality of research is evaluated based on issues of validity, reliability, and objectivity. Contrary to the positivist approach, QCA focuses on the underlying meaning of the data. Results: This research found that finance management is increasingly challenging for businesspeople. The solutions based on the literature investigation suggest four categories. (1) Planned spending and revenue allocation, (2) Investing in the stock market, (3) Create a culture of saving, (4) Get Informed. Conclusions: This research puts forth a model to describe the connection between an investor's financial achievement potential and their desired net profits in retirement. The results of this study support the idea that the ability to achieve financial success as an entrepreneur has a salutary effect on the amount of money saved for retirement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.501-512
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• 2022

The purpose of the weapon live test during the phase of development is to provide essential information to decision makers that verify and validate the performance capabilities of weapons. Due to varying allocation and high variance of test resources with an increase in the weapon system's capability, the test environment can get highly complex, which can lead to a decrease in the reliability of test results. This issue can be addressed by applying a decision support system that provides various timely information collected by resources during the test process. The decision support system can be designed by applying the concept of digital twins, that are defined as digital replicas of components, systems and processes. This paper describes a design methodology of the decision support system that consists of digital models and service functions using digital twin architecture. A case study illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology in supporting the weapon live test process.