• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2014

Patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are increasingly being treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents and are at increased risk of developing tuberculosis (TB). Therefore, diagnosis and treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) is recommended in these patients due to the initiation of anti-TNF therapy. Traditionally, LTBI has been diagnosed on the basis of clinical factors and a tuberculin skin test. Recently, interferon-gamma releasing assays (IGRAs) that can detect TB infection have become available. Considering the high-risk of developing TB in patients on anti-TNF therapy, the use of both a tuberculin skin test and an IGRA should be considered to detect and treat LTBI in patients with IMIDs. The traditional LTBI treatment regimen consisted of isoniazid monotherapy for 9 months. However, shorter regimens such as 4 months of rifampicin or 3 months of isoniazid/rifampicin are increasingly being used to improve treatment completion rates. In this review, the screening methods for diagnosing latent and active TB before anti-TNF therapy in patients with IMIDs will be briefly described, as well as the current LTBI treatment regimens, the recommendations for managing TB that develops during anti-TNF therapy, the necessity of regular monitoring to detect new TB infection, and the re-initiation of anti-TNF therapy in patients who develop TB.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of hospice nurses on spiritual care. Methods: Data was collected from 9 hospice nurses by using in-depth interview. The main questions include what they understand as spiritual care, when they feel the needs of spiritual care, how they perform spiritual care, and what is the outcome of spiritual care. The data was analyzed by grounded theory methodology developed by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The core category of experience of hospice nurses on spiritual care was identified as "Untie a knot of mind". In the process of spiritual care in hospice nurses was consisted of soothing, dwelling with, releasing, giving meaning, plunging, and going beyond a life. Conclusion: The result of this study was expected to give useful information to nurses and nursing managers about the real situation of performance of spiritual care. The findings of this study contributes to developing programs and supportive policies for encouraging spiritual care.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the change in the obesity index in girls receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), based on treatment duration, and to aid in nutritional counseling by investigating dietary habits and lifestyle. Methods: Anthropometric examinations were conducted on 62 girls treated with GnRHa from January 2010 through July 2014. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires on patient dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: The group taking GnRHa for over 1 year had a higher rate of obesity increase than the group taking GnRHa for less than 1 year, but they had common habits related to obesity, which should be corrected. In addition, 69.2% of the normal weight group taking GnRHa for over 1 year gained weight, and needed more intensive programs, which include physical exercise and nutritional education. Although girls with precocious puberty showed a decrease in the intake of high-calorie foods with nutritional intervention regardless of treatment duration, they still had problems that needed improvement, such as shorter meals and lack of exercise. Conclusion: Girls with precocious puberty and their parents should emphasize maintenance of proper body weight, especially when treatment for over 1 year is anticipated. Consistent education in nutrition, ways to increase intensity and duration of physical activity, and the need to slow down mealtimes are important in managing obesity; doctors need to perform regular checkups and provide nutritional counseling.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.369-375
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• 2012

The current study was carried out to investigate the impact of extraction conditions on the free amino acid level and type in beef longissimus muscle. The sample blocks were chiller aged for 1 d and 7 d at $4^{\circ}C$. There are three homogenization speeds (11,000, 19,000 and 24,000 rpm) for bigger and two speeds (11,000 and 13,000 rpm) for smaller homogenizer's dispersing tools were used for evaluation. Results showed that chiller ageing greatly (p<0.05) increased extractable free amino acids, except cystine. Homogenization with the bigger dispersing tool at 24,000 rpm resulted in the highest free amino acid levels for both 1 and 7 d samples. Significant differences (p<0.05) in the mean values of most amino acids due to the effect of speed and interactions between ageing times. However, the speed effect and interaction between ageing with homogenization speed were not significant (p>0.05) for most of the amino acids except valine and isoleucine when using the smaller dispensing tools. The current data indicated that a standardized method for free amino acid types and levels of aged beef samples. In addition, the results also suggested that utilization of a big dispensing tool at high homogenization speed is a better condition for releasing free amino acid contents in beef samples.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.323-332
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• 1993

An implicit finite difference formulation with three methods of latent heat treatment, such as equivalent specific heat method, temperature recovery method and enthalpy method, was applied to solidification analysis. The Neumann problem was solved to compare the numerical results with the exact solution. The implicit solutions with the equivalent specific heat method and the temperature recovery method were comparatively consistent with the Neumann exact solution for smaller time steps, but its error increased with increasing time step, especially in predicting the solidification beginning time. Although the computing time to solve energy equation using temperature recovery method was shorter than using enthalpy method, the method of releasing latent heat is not realistic and causes error. The implicit formulation of phase change problem requires enthalpy method to treat the release of latent heat reasonably. We have modified the enthalpy formulation in such a way that the enthalpy gradient term is not needed, and as a result of this modification, the computation stability and the computing time were improved.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.26-36
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• 2012

Objectives: To establish scientific and objective evidence for the use of a Korean medicine, articles regarding Hwangryeonhaedok-tang (HRHDT), a herbal medicine frequently used in Korean medical clinics and hospitals, were gathered and analyzed. Methods: The articles were classified as being from domestic or international journals, and by their year of publication. The mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of HRHDT were investigated. Results: Of the 25 articles analyzed, 7 were published from Korea, 7 were from China, and 11 were from Japan. HRHDT showed anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects through the regulation of the expression of Th1 cytokines including interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-8, interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$), and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$); and Th2 cytokines including IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12, which inhibit leukotriene B4 (LTB4), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and inflammatory cells. It also lowered preprodynorphin (PPD), and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in the peripheral nerve system and hypothalamus. Conclusions: We speculate that the anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects could be related to the therapeutic efficacy of HRHDT in removing pathogenic fire and heat.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제3권4호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2014

In this study, a demolition analysis code using the adaptively shifted integration (ASI)-Gauss technique, which describes structural member fracture by shifting the numerical integration point to an appropriate position and simultaneously releasing the sectional forces in the element, is developed. The code was verified and validated by comparing the predicted results with those of several experiments. A demolition planning tool utilizing the concept of a key element index, which explicitly indicates the contribution of each structural column to the vertical load capacity of the structure, is also develped. Two methods of selecting specific columns to efficiently demolish the whole structure are demonstrated: selecting the columns from the largest index value and from the smallest index value. The demolition results are confirmed numerically by conducting collapse analyses using the ASI-Gauss technique. The numerical results suggest that to achieve a successful demolition, a group of columns with the largest key element index values should be selected when explosives are ignited in a simultaneous blast, whereas those with the smallest should be selected when explosives are ignited in a sequence, with a final blast set on a column with large index value.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.72-82
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• 2006

Purpose: To analyze the health concept and health behaviors in school children through the interview on study groups. To obtain the subjective data for health concept and health behaviors in school children. Methods: This study is a qualitative study applied the interview of study groups. Participants are 12 people and two groups- each of them is 3 males and females, which are $6^{th}$grade of elementary schools located in Seoul city and Kyung-gi Province. The interviews were conducted twice on November in 2005. Results: 83 items are significantly related in health concept for school children. The results are the following; 1) the significant health concept for school children is 15 items and there are 5 areas- strength, comfort, action, compatibility and normal life. 2) the actual health behaviors are 23 items and there are 8 areas-exercising, associating, mentally resting, laughing, releasing stress, well sleeping, well eating and receivingcheck-up. 3) the needed and the wanted health behaviors are 45 items and there are 12 areas-well eating, well cleaning, exercising, playing, comforting, resting, staying in familiar environment, receiving regular check-up, abstaining, associating, enjoying hobbies, and forming environment & facilities. Conclusion: For health concepts, school children consider significantly not only physical activities but also social and mental activities and environment. They also want exercising, abstaining, eating well, checking-up, enjoying hobbies, forming environment & facilities with various activities.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.69-85
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of Tranditional Chinese Medicine for Otitis Media with Effusion(OME) in Chinese journals. Methods : Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI) and Wanfang med online were used to search Chinese studies which were published from January, 2010 to April, 2020. Results : Among Chinese studies, Exterior-releasing medicinal(解表藥) and Heat-clearing medicinal(淸熱藥) were the most frequently used. The herbs which used the most frequently are Bupleuri Radix(柴胡), Acori Graminei Rhizoma(石菖蒲). All of studies have reported that Tranditional Chinese Medicine is effective for Otitis Media with Effusion. Conclusions : In analysis of selected studies, Tranditional Chinese Medicine is more effective than Western Medicine Treatments. Recurrence rates and side effects of OME can be reduced by cotreatment of Tranditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine Treatments.

• 대한한방부인과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.25-42
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• 2014

Objectives: To observe the effects of Herb medication on Polycystic Ovary (PCO) in rats. Methods: Riss (Research Information Sharing Service) was searched for Oriental medicine about PCO on 2000~2014. So, Experimental studies using PCO model induced by Estradiol Valerate (EV) was selected to analyze how effects they were. Consequently, 10 studies published on 2000~2014 were selected to analyze about weight of model and both ovaries, the number aries, the number of follicle and corpus of follicle and corpus luteum, the level of serum Androstenedione (ADD) and total estrogen, the level of Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) and Corticotropin Releasing Factor (CRF), the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Results: Among them, there was significantly difference between treatment group and control group in weight of both ovaries, the number of follicle and corpora lutea, the crossover rate and the number of implantation. Conclusions: The effects of Herb medication was observed on making weight of ovaries with PCO to promote. The study about effect of Herb medication on NGF and CRF with PCOS had to be conducted. The further research have to focus on treatment of subfertility and infertility, that is field showing the advantage of Oriental medicine.