• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2016

Objective: To determine the preferred regimen for women with adenomyosis undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF), we compared the IVF outcomes of fresh embryo transfer (ET) cycles with or without gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist pretreatment and of frozenthawed embryo transfer (FET) cycles following GnRH agonist treatment. Methods: This retrospective study included 241 IVF cycles of women with adenomyosis from January 2006 to January 2012. Fresh ET cycles without (147 cycles, group A) or with (105 cycles, group B) GnRH agonist pretreatment, and FET cycles following GnRH agonist treatment (43 cycles, group C) were compared. Adenomyosis was identified by using transvaginal ultrasound at the initial workup and classified into focal and diffuse types. The IVF outcomes were also subanalyzed according to the adenomyotic region. Results: GnRH agonist pretreatment increased the stimulation duration ($11.5{\pm}2.1days$ vs. $9.9{\pm}2.0days$) and total dose of gonadotropin ($3,421{\pm}1,141IU$ vs. $2,588{\pm}1,192IU$), which resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes ($10.0{\pm}8.2$ vs. $7.9{\pm}6.8$, p=0.013) in group B than in group A. Controlled ovarian stimulation for freezing resulted in a significantly higher number of retrieved oocytes ($14.3{\pm}9.2$ vs. $10.0{\pm}8.2$, p=0.022) with a lower dose of gonadotropin ($2,974{\pm}1,112IU$ vs. $3,421{\pm}1,141IU$, p=0.037) in group C than in group B. The clinical pregnancy rate in group C (39.5%) tended to be higher than those in groups B (30.5%) and A (25.2%) but without a significant difference. Conclusion: FET following GnRH agonist pretreatment tended to increase the pregnancy rate in patients with adenomyosis. Further largescale prospective studies are required to confirm this result.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 1991

Recently the application of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to superovulation in previous poor responders has resulted in the improved outcomes after in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. However, poor responders with poor estradiol $(E_2)$ rise or single dominant follicle are a particularly challenging group. Recent reports have also shown that patients with higher basal serum follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level, result in poorer ovarian response and lower pregnancy rate. Analysis of the differences of superovulation outcomes according to the different protocols of GnRH agonist, long (L, n = 18) and short (S, n = 16) protocols, in patients with high basal FSH levels (>20mIU/ml) were undertaken at Seoul National University Hospital from June to October 1990. The administration of GnRH agonist was begun on day 21 of the cycle in long protocol, and on day 2 in short protocol. Ages of patients and husbands, basal FSH and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and FSH/LH ratio did not differ significantly. Types and causes of infertility were evenly distributed. Whereas the duration of stimulation and the amounts of gonadotropins administered were significantly reduced in short protocol, the numbers of oocytes retrieved and cleaved, the cleavage rate and the number of embryos transferred were higher in long protocol without statistical signifieance. The pregnancy rate per ET was 16.7% (2/12) in short protocol, and 17.6% (3/17) in long protocol. These data suggest that both protocols result in the similar superovulation outcomes in patients with higher basal serum FSH levels.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 1996

Ovulation of maturing female yellow puffer, Takifugu obscrus, was induced by using single injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or gonadotropin releasing hormone-analogue (GnRH-A) $des-Gly^{10}[D-Ala^6]$ GnRH-ethylamide plus pimozide. The response was evaluated using the fertilization and embryo-formation rate after insemination and the gonadotropin (GTH) level in blood plasma using radioimmunoassay. In the fertilization and embryo-formation, maximal effects were recorded by using 1,000 IU/kg HCG or $10\;{mu}g/kg$ GnRH-A plus 5 mg/kr pimozide. Pimozide (1, 5 mg/kg) or GnRH-A treatment alone was not effective in elevation of GTH level, however combinations of these treatments were particularly effective. Injection of dopamine blocked the rapid elevation of plasma GTH levels of blood. These data suggest that yellow puffer secrete GnRH and gonadotropin-releasing-inhibiting factor during the spawning or the other period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.523-526
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• 2010

In this study, we demonstrated a development of a non-releasing bolt which is fastened with a target by expanding a certain area of a bolt body. Being released a bolt causes many problems in a field where bolts are used. In order to figure out the problems, currently, many types of a non-releasing bolt have been developed and have been using. Unfortunately, however, they do not perfectly function not to be released. Therefore, the structures builded with bolts have many problems caused by external stress such as vibration and shock, and thus the bolts have to be regularly tightened for maintenance. With the important factors of internal geometry, the amount of explosive, and the firing pin, we developed a technology which could control the expansion degree of a certain area on a bolt body. Based on the results, it was founded that the performance of non-releasing was linearly proportional to the degree of body expansion.

• 대한생식의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.145-146
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• 2006

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.153-161
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• 1998

This study was conducted to examine the viability of nuclear transfer bovine embryos following embryo transfer. Donor embryos were treated with nocodazole to arrest their cell-cycle-stage at mitotic(M) phase. After releasing from nocodazole blastomeres were separated and transferred into the enucleated oocytes(BC), or cultured in medium with aphidicolin. Freshly cleaved blastomeres within 1.5h after cleavage(AC) and non-cleaved ones up to 3h after releasing from nocodazole(NC) were transferred into the enucleated oocytes. Blastocysts derived from nuclear transfer were transferred to Day 7~8 recipient cows. Some blastocysts were vitrified and thawed before embryo transfer. Developmental rates to the blastocyst stage were higher in AC(18.1%, P<0.05) than BC(8.6%) and NC(5.1%). Blastocyst development slightly enhanced with aphidicolin(1~2$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) treatment(16.9~22.6%) compared to non treated control(11.1%). Survival rate fo vitrified nuclear transfer embryos after thawing was 75%(24/32). Twnety-three vitrified nuclear transfer embryos and 3 fresh ones were transferred to 23 recipients, 6 heads were pregnant and 1 male calf(24 kg) was born from a recipient cow recevied one vitrifiedthawed nuclear transfer embryo at 277 days after embryo transfer. This result suggests that the nuclear transfer embryos can developed to term after vitrification andembryo transfer.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

Recently, the enzyme-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) technique has been considered as one of the alternatives to the cement-based soil reinforcing method. However, the problem with the emission of ammonium ion has not been solved. In this study, an experimental study on the EICP without releasing an environmental contaminant (Ze-EICP) is performed using calcium-exchanged zeolite. The results show that the Ze-EICP using calcium-exchanged zeolite reduced the amount of ammonium ions by 96.96% and precipitated almost the same amount of calcium carbonate, compared to the EICP using calcium chloride. In addition, the Ze-EICP shows higher strength improvement rate than the EICP due to densification of zeolite and cementation of calcium carbonate.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 1991

In order to improve the removal ability of phosphate, Spheroplast fusions were performed among auxotrophic mutants of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from waste water, named A13 and A14, Aci37 auxotrophic mutant of Acinetobactercalcoaceticus, and auxotrophic E. coli HR262/pCE27 carring pit gene. Eight fusants obtained from this experiment showed different biochemical characteristics. When the rate of phosphate uptake among fusants (F1-F8) was investigated in Phosphate Uptake Medium (PUM), F8 strain showed the highest rate for phosphate removal, 7 times as much as control after two hours incubation. The role of cations ($Mg^{++}$ ,$Ca^{++}$ , $K^{+}$ in phosphate uptade by F8 was also investigated in PUM without each salt. $K^{+}$ seemed to be crucial. Being compared with phosphate untake rate in PUM, that in PUM without $K^{+}$ was reduced 1.5 times. Therefore, by applying F8 strain and $K^{+}$ in practical environmental system, the increased efficiency in phosphate removal can be derived.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.317-335
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• 2014

In this work, we investigate the global stability analysis of a viral infection model with antibody immune response. The incidence rate is given by a general function of the populations of the uninfected target cells, infected cells and free viruses. The model has been incorporated with two types of intracellular distributed time delays to describe the time required for viral contacting an uninfected cell and releasing new infectious viruses. We have established a set of conditions on the general incidence rate function and determined two threshold parameters $R_0$ (the basic infection reproduction number) and $R_1$ (the antibody immune response activation number) which are sufficient to determine the global dynamics of the model. The global asymptotic stability of the equilibria of the model has been proven by using Lyapunov theory and applying LaSalle's invariance principle.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 2021

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the response rate to arthroscopic release treatment in adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACS) for patients with refractory to conservative treatment. Methods: In this retrospective study, 51 patients (age mean, 49.1±5.6 years) with unilateral adherent capsule underwent arthroscopic releasing surgery for the shoulder capsule. Etiologies of the ACS in 30 patients were idiopathic: 10 patients were affected after surgery and 11 patients following trauma. The patients were evaluated in terms of shoulder function, satisfaction rate, pain intensity, and joint range of motion (ROM) based on a Constant score, a Simple Shoulder Test, the visual analog scale, and four movements, respectively. Results: The mean Constant score before surgery was 48.2±3.5 and reached 74.4±6 and 77.0±6.3 at 6 months and the final follow-up, respectively (p<0.001). The mean scores of pain intensity, a Simple Shoulder Test, and ROM showed significant improvement at all follow-ups (p<0.001). Sex, age, and diabetes did not have any significant effect on patient recovery. However, patients who experienced ACS after surgery had poorer results than others at all follow-up points. Conclusions: Arthroscopic releasing surgery of the shoulder in patients with ACS refractory to conservative treatment produces rare complications and an effective injury response. It seems that patients suffering ACS following surgery have a weaker response to the treatment.