• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.130-138
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to analyze the change in the obesity index in girls receiving a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa), based on treatment duration, and to aid in nutritional counseling by investigating dietary habits and lifestyle. Methods: Anthropometric examinations were conducted on 62 girls treated with GnRHa from January 2010 through July 2014. Parents were asked to fill out questionnaires on patient dietary habits and lifestyle. Results: The group taking GnRHa for over 1 year had a higher rate of obesity increase than the group taking GnRHa for less than 1 year, but they had common habits related to obesity, which should be corrected. In addition, 69.2% of the normal weight group taking GnRHa for over 1 year gained weight, and needed more intensive programs, which include physical exercise and nutritional education. Although girls with precocious puberty showed a decrease in the intake of high-calorie foods with nutritional intervention regardless of treatment duration, they still had problems that needed improvement, such as shorter meals and lack of exercise. Conclusion: Girls with precocious puberty and their parents should emphasize maintenance of proper body weight, especially when treatment for over 1 year is anticipated. Consistent education in nutrition, ways to increase intensity and duration of physical activity, and the need to slow down mealtimes are important in managing obesity; doctors need to perform regular checkups and provide nutritional counseling.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to develop the artificial trap baits being able to replace the natural anchovy or sardine baits. The fishing trials for evaluating the fishing efficiencies of the artificial baits were conducted with commercial traps at coastal areas near Tongyoung, southern Korea. The preferable artificial baits which were made of minced anchovy, sardine, mackerel, or fish surplus products mixed with wheat flour into dry or wet pelleted or crumbled types, were showed some merits as the following. \circled1 Fishing efficiencies of the artificial baits were same or little higher level than that of the natural bait anchovy; \circled2 bait cost were same or little lower level; \circled3 dry artificial baits stocked in the room condition showed good fishing efficiencies; \circled4 making of artificial baits were very simple; \circled5 there were no harm to the fish and little pollution to the environment; \circled6 the releasing rate of attractants in the artificial or natural bait showed similar patterns. The artificial baits using the fish by-products which were vacuum freeze-drying extract of boiled anchovy or tunas extract, showed lower catches in the conger eel, Coner miriaster, but similar catches in the crabs, mainly Charybdis japonica, to the those of natural anchovy bait.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.116-121
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• 1999

This study was aimed to explain the essence of Hydroxylammonium hydrochloride(H.A.) effect on degummed silk fiber increasing the colour sites due to oxime generating reaction. H.A. in aqueous solution caues to increase the amount of [H+] and reduce pH values as the concentration of H.A. increases. The rate of [H+] absorption of silk fiker in acidic solution differs on the basic of solution pH and shows a specific uptake in each pH, the lower the pH of solution, the higher the amount [H+] absorption. The pH of solution after treating of silk fiber in H.A. and HCl, showed more remaining [H+] in H.A. solution due to [H+] releasing under the procedure of oxime production. Also it was revealed that in higher concentration of H.A. the reaction for oxime fixation in silk fiber carried out stonger and as a result the bigger gap with acid uptake curve appeared. FT-IR analysis of silk fiber treated with H.A. revealed the creating of intermolecular H-bond at the 2,981-2.930 cm-1, which was not appeared for nontraeted silk fibers and shows H-bond between N-OH group in oue chain and C=) group in another chain of silk protein. Colourimetry of dyed silk fiber after H.A. tratment showed that the silk fiber treated with the high concentration of H.A. compare to low concentration, absorbed more dyeing molecules and so Showed less percontage of Whiteness.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

The use of highly absorptive materials in cement-based materials is increasing for internal curing purpose. However, calculation of correct absorption capacity of such materials is not easy, which leads to change in the effective water-to-cement ratio of cement paste by either absorbing or releasing water. In this study, effective absorption capacity of a highly absorptive material was found using isothermal calorimetry. Moreover, the effect of specific surface area was investigated. It was found that the method was capable of finding effective water absorption capacity of activated carbon fiber. For the activated carbon fiber used in this research, the effect of specific surface area was negligible because the high BET surface area was due to micropores less than 1nm, which does not affect the rate of hydration curve. Thus, the effective absorption capacity of such materials can be found successfully using this method.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

In Korean women, a westernized lifestyle is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer. Fertility preservation has become an increasingly important issue for women with breast cancer, in accordance with substantial improvements in survival rate after cancer treatment. The methods of controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for fertility preservation in breast cancer patients have been modified to include aromatase inhibitors to reduce the potential harm associated with increased estradiol levels. Random-start COH and dual ovarian stimulation are feasible options to reduce the total duration of fertility preservation treatment and to efficiently collect oocytes or embryos. Using a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist as a trigger may improve cycle outcomes in breast cancer patients undergoing COH for fertility preservation. In young breast cancer patients with BRCA mutations, especially BRCA1 mutations, the possibility of diminished ovarian reserve may be considered, although further studies are necessary. Herein, we review the current literature on the practical issues surrounding COH for fertility preservation in women with breast cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.160-167
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• 2004

목 적：주의력결핍과잉행동장애(Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder：ADHD) 치료를 위해 가장 흔하게 사용되는 속방형 메틸페니데이트(methylphenidate-immediate releasing form：MPH-IR)에 대한 약물 순응도 연구는 매우 제한적이었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 외래를 통한 평균 1년 기간의 약물치료 과정에서의 약물 순응도를 평가하고, 관련 요인을 분석하였다. 방 법：2002년 9월부터 2002년 12월까지 외래를 처음 방문하여, DSM-Ⅳ에 근거한 ADHD 진단을 받고 MPHIR로 약물치료를 시작한 환아들 중 선별기준에 합당하고, 배제기준에 해당되지 않는 환아를 무작위 선발을 하여 100명의 대상 환아를 모집하였다. 상기 환아들을 대상으로 2003년 3월부터 4월까지 약물순응도에 대한 설문조사를 실시하였고, 설문조사 후 6개월이 경과한 시점인 2003년 10월, 동일 100명의 환아에 대한 인구사회학적 정보, 발달력, 가족력, 공존장애, 약물치료력, 약물 반응, 약물순응도를 평가하였고, 심리학적 평가로서, 지능검사, 기초학습검사, 주의력장애진단 검사결과를 조사하였다. 이를 통해 평균 치료기간 1년 동안의 약물치료 순응도를 평가하였고, 순응도에 관련된 다양한 변인들을 조사하였다. 결 과：1) 평균 약물치료기간 6개월이 되는 시점인, 2003년 3월에 실시한 약물순응도 설문조사에서, 치료효과 만족도는 60%였고, 오전처방 순응율은 81%, 오후처방 순응율은 43%로 큰 차이를 보였다. 2) 평균 약물치료 기간 1년이 되는 시점인 2003년 10월의 조사에서는, 외래 약물치료를 지속적으로 받는 아동이 62%였고, 38%는 약물치료를 자의로 중단하였다. 3) 약물치료 탈락군(비순응군)과 지속적인 치료를 받고 있는 군(순응군) 사이에 임상적 특성을 비교하였을 때, 부모학력, 사회경제상태, 아동 나이 및 성별 등 인구사회학적 변인들에서 차이는 발견되지 않았고, 아동의 발달력, 출산 및 주산기 문제, 의학적 문제, ADHD 외 공존병리 등에서도 차이는 발견되지 않았다. 심리학적 변인에서는 지능에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 순응군이 전체지능지수, 언어 및 동작성 지능 지수가 유의하게 높았고, 상식, 산수, 토막짜기 점수도 유의하게 높았다. 약물치료력에 있어서는 임상가가 평가한 약물 반응이 순응군에서 유의하게 높았고, 약물 용량도 순응군이 유의하게 높았으며, 오후 약물 순응율(2003년 3월 평가)도 유의하게 순응군이 높았다. 또한 주치의의 지휘에 따라서도 순응율에 차이를 보였다. 결 론：국내에서는 최초로, 외래 치료를 받고 있는 ADHD 아동에 대한 MPH-IR 순응도를 조사하였다. 평균 1년 치료기간동안의 순응도는 62%로 외국에서의 연구결과와 유사하였으며, 지능이 높을 때, 약물반응이 우수하고, 약물용량이 높으며, 오후약물에 대한 순응이 초기에 높을 때 약물 순응률이 보다 높았다. 결국 약물치료 효과에 대한 만족도가 순응률 결정에 가장 중요한 요인이라고 생각되며, 약물치료효과를 높이기 위한 다양한 전략을 사용하여, 약물 순응도를 향상 시킬 필요가 있다고 생각된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집 Vol.21
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• pp.442-442
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• 2008

Hydrogen was produced by water plasma excited in very high frequency inductively coupled tube reactor. Mass spectrometry was used to monitor gas phase species at various process conditions. Water dissociation rate depend on the process parameters such as ICP power, flow-rate and pressure. Water dissociation percent in ICP reactor decrease with increase of chamber pressure and $H_2O$ flow rate, while increase with increase of ICP power. In our experimental range, maximum water dissociation rate was 65.5% at the process conditions of 265 mTorr, 68 sccm, and 400 Watt. The effect of $CH_4$ addition to a water plasma on the hydrogen production has been studied in a VHF ICP reactor. With the addition of $CH_4$ gas, $H_2$ production increases to 12% until the $CH_4$ flow rate increases up to 15 sccm. But, with the flow rate of $CH_4$ more than 20 sccm, chamber wall was deposited with carbon film because of deficiency of oxygen in gas phase, hydrogen production rate decreased. The main roles of $CH_4$ gas are to reacts with O forming CO, CHO and $CO_2$ and releasing additional $H_2$ and furthermore to prevent reverse reaction for forming $H_2O$ from $H_2$ and $O_2$. But, $CH_4$ addition has negative effects such as cost increase and $CO_x$ emission, therefore process optimization is required.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.29-44
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• 1990

In 105 patients with the past history of poor response to the previous controlled ovarian hyperstimulation(COH) due to poor follicular growth or premature LH surge, the effectiveness of pituitary suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist(GnRH agonist) in IVF/GIFT program was evaluated in 112 cycles of COH using a combination regimen of Leuprolide acetate (Lupron TAP Pharmaceuticals, USA) and FSH/hMG or pure FSH from May to December, 1989 at SNUH. Starting on day 21 of the menstrual cycle(MCD #21, Day 1), Lupron (1.0mg/day, subcutaneous) was administered once a day till next MCD #3(suppression phase). After the confirmation of pituitary suppression, ovarian follicular growth was stimulated with FSH/hMG or pure FSH from MCD #3(Day + 1), and Lupron was continued with hMG or FSH until hCG administration (D 0) (stimulation phase). After suppression phase, serum E2 level decreased from 183.7${\pm}$95.1(Day 1) to 17.4${\pm}$12.3pg/ml (Day +1), and serum progesterone level from 19.17${\pm}$8.67 to 0.12${\pm}$0.05ng/ml. But there was no decresas in serum LH and FSH levels; LH from 12.74${\pm}$6.21 to 15.49${\pm}$4.93mIU/ml,FSH from 7.60${\pm}$3.84 to 8.58${\pm}$3.15 rnlU/ml. There was no occurrence of premature LH surge during COH. Eleven cycles(9.8%) were cancelled due to poor follicular growth during stimulation phase, and 3 cycles (3.0%) failed in the transvaginal oocytes fretrieval. Serum E2 level was 1366.8${\pm}$642.4 on D 0 and 1492.3${\pm}$906.9pg/ml on D+1. 7.00${\pm}$3.32 follicles(FD${\geq}$12mm) were observed on D 0, and 6.11${\pm}$4.15 oocytes were retrieved, with the oocyte retrieval rate per follicle of 95.0%. 3.59${\pm}$2.57 oocytes were fertilized and cleaved with the oocyte cleavage rate of 55.7%. In 83 IVF patients, 4.08${\pm}$2.39 embryos were transferred, and 16 pregnancies were obtained with the pregnancy rate per ET 2.39 mebryos were transferred, and 16 pregnancies were obtained with the pregnancy rate per ET of 19.3%. In 6 GIFT patients, 7.83${\pm}$3.31 oocytes were retrieved and transferred with maximum number of 6, but no pregnancy was obtained. When compared with the previous 108 cycles of COH using FSH/hMG or pure FSH regimen, the cancellation rate during COH was significantly decreased, and all the parameters of the outcome of COH including the pregnancy rate were increased. These data suggest that GnRH agonist therapy for pituitary suppression is an effective adjunct to the current gonadotropin regimens for COH in IVF/GIFT and can increase the probability of oocytes retrieval and pregnancy, especially in the previous poor responders.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.249-254
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• 2009

돈분뇨 부숙과정에서의 Mg원 첨가에 따른 MAP 크리스탈 결정체 형성과 부숙과정에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 돈분뇨내 수용성인산 기준 1.2M비로 Mg원을 첨가하여 부숙시킨 경우와 첨가하지 않고 부숙한 경우를 비교하여 실험한 결과 Mg원 첨가에 의한 부숙과정에서의 유기물분해 저해 현상은 관찰되지 않았다. Mg원을 첨가한 경우 분뇨 내 $NH_4$와 $PO_4$가 함께 반응하여 MAP 크리스탈 결정체를 형성함에 따라 $NH_4$-N의 함량이 낮아졌으며 이는 부숙과정에서의 암모니아 가스 형태로의 질소소실을 낮추어주는 결과가 됨을 알 수 있었다. 수용성인의 함량 또한 Mg원을 첨가한 경우에 낮아져 최종 부숙퇴비의 총인중 수용성인의 비율이 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 부숙과정에서의 Mg원 첨가는 최종 부숙퇴비의 비료성분 보존과 완효도 증가효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 최종퇴비의 X-Ray Diffraction 시험결과 부숙과정에서 MAP 결정체가 형성됨을 알 수 있었으며 2.8 mm 이하의 입자크기에서 형성된 결정체가 많음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 입자크기별 질소와 인 성분 분포율을 비교한 결과 2.8 mm 이하의 입자크기에 질소와 인성분의 2/3 이상이 분포해 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

2010년부터 2011년까지 2년간 국립농업과학원 내 포장 및 기타 주요 조사지에서 관찰한 일본납작진딧물의 생태학적 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. 이대 내 일본납작진딧물 접종방법 조사결과, 이대 잎에 핀으로 꼽아 접종하는 것보다 핀으로 털어 접종하는 방법이 더 유효하였으며, 노지, 비닐하우스, 반딧불이 망실보다 유리온실구가 접종율이 좋았다. 2. 일본납작진딧물의 겨울철 생존온도 조사를 실시한 결과, 일산호수공원과 구리생태공원은 2010년 1월 7일과 1월 15일 $-15^{\circ}C$ 이하로 조사되어 이대 생육한계 온도인 $-10^{\circ}C$ 이하이었다. 본 조사 결과 현재까지 이대 및 이대를 흡즙하는 일본납작진딧 물이 서식할 수 있는 겨울철 최저 온도 조건 지역은 한강 이남인 보라매공원과 수원 곤충생태원 포장으로 조사되었다. 3. 수원 곤충생태원 포장 내 최저 온도 조사에서는 곤충생태원 노지가 1월 17일 $-17.5^{\circ}C$로 조사되어 역시 이대 및 일본납작진딧물이 서식할 수 없는 조건이었다. 따라서 이대를 식재하여 일본납작진딧물을 도입하여 사육하기 위해서는 유리온실이 가장 적합한 것으로 조사되었다.