• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.57 no.4
• /
• pp.359-368
• /
• 2019

In this study, we carried out extensive in vitro studies on various concentrations of tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride and their niosomal forms against Leishmania tropica. Niosomes were prepared by the hydration method and were evaluated for morphology, size, release study, and encapsulation efficiency. This study measured leishmanicidal activity against promastigote and amastigote, apoptosis and gene expression levels of free solution and niosomal-encapsulated tioxolone along with benzoxonium chloride. Span/Tween 60 niosome had good physical stability and high encapsulation efficiency (more than 97%). The release profile of the entrapped compound showed that a gradual release rate. The combination of niosomal forms on promastigote and amastigote were more effective than glucantime. Also, the niosomal form of this compound was significantly less toxic than glucantime ($P{\leq}0.05$). The flowcytometric analysis on niosomal form of drugs showed that higher number of early apoptotic event as the principal mode of action (89.13% in $200{\mu}g/ml$). Also, the niosomal compound increased the expression level of IL-12 and metacaspase genes and decreased the expression level of the IL-10 gene, which further confirming the immunomodulatory role as the mechanism of action. We observed the synergistic effects of these 2 drugs that induced the apoptotic pathways and also up regulation of an immunomodulatory role against as the main mode of action. Also, niosomal form of this combination was safe and demonstrated strong anti-leishmaniasis effects highlights further therapeutic approaches against anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in future planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.43-50
• /
• 2023

Silicone tetrachloride (SiCl₄) leak accidents cause enormous human and environmental damage because it is highly toxic. Some handling facilities use water curtains to reduce the impact range of SiCl₄. Although the water curtain is known as one of the most efficient technologies for post-release mitigation, its effect on reducing SiCl₄ concentration needs to be investigated scientifically and quantitatively. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the physical and chemical effects of water curtains as a release-mitigation system for SiCl₄. SiCl₄ is released and dispersed five seconds prior to the operation of the water curtain. Once the water curtain works, the SiCl₄ reacts chemically with the water and its concentration decreases rapidly; it reaches an emergency response planning guidelines level 2 (ERPG-2) of 5 parts per million (ppm) at about 570 m. We observed, however, that the physical effect of water curtains on reducing SiCl₄ concentration is insignificant when the chemical effect is eliminated. These results are crucial since they can be a scientific and quantitative basis for the 'technical guidelines for estimating the accident affected range'. In order to protect the public from chemical accidents, more toxic gas mitigation technologies need to be developed.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
• /
• v.15D no.6
• /
• pp.841-856
• /
• 2008

The priority of requirement is important because the priority is a critical activity of release plan especially in software development which has an open market customer. Also, it is important for stakeholders to select a method and aspects to prioritize requirements. The selection is based on the organizational experience of a priority process, the process model of the product, goals and a type of products, and dependencies between requirements. But, the current researches considered only static dependency between requirements and did not suggest a systematic priority process. In addition, the current researches only suggest limited aspects to prioritize requirements, such as cost and value. Therefore, this paper proposes an adjustable priority process based on a priority model to select a method and aspects for the suitable priority for product and organization. Especially, this paper enhances the completeness of a release plan by a definition of static and dynamic dependency types between requirements. This paper suggests a priority model, which considers the dependencies between requirement and various viewpoint of software development. Based on the priority model, the paper suggests a systematic priority process to promote reasonable decisions to the priority and release plan of requirement.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.9-19
• /
• 2014

The automotive industry has made much efforts to deliver finished vehicles to customers with speed and reliability. Decreasing the time a vehicle stays within an assembly plant from production release to shipment contributes to reduce the total order lead-time and consequently, the total transportation cost as well. Conventional shipment planning algorithms are limited in accommodating the dynamics of assembly plant operations as to finished vehicle shipment. This paper presents a market-based multi-agent shipment planning algorithm to optimize the performance of vehicle shipment process, capturing the operationally disruptive events. Experimental results using simulation show that the algorithm improves vehicle shipment performance with respect to lead time, labor efficiency, finished product quality, and transportation efficiency.

• The Korean Journal of Archival Studies
• /
• no.10
• /
• pp.112-144
• /
• 2004

Oral history has value that steps over the class consciousness and party feeling that records have, and enables a general representation of a human experience. Beside, It must be managed urgently because a collection of oral history has unique and limited. However, domestic related institution do not keep management for release and use of oral history in their mind are only concentrating on accession. Lately, National History Compilation Committee passes through faithful planning procedures and is collecting an oral history collection project. A merit of this project is to have attempted an image photographing. This study is propose that to examines over the all steps to say oral history collection activity to information service and a preservation from collection planning of organization. However, this study is insufficient in the management method how it is connected if does in order to manage the oral history which is collected with a part of a record in a archival institution because this study was only for the purpose of management of oral history. This problem will be studied through a process of checking the real thing of oral history. This study proposed general methodology for oral history management, if institution had a plan of collection and management or had some collection result.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.196-205
• /
• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.18-25
• /
• 2018

As the industries become more developed, the amounts of hazardous materials have been increased. Because of that, the possibility of accidents in plants is expected to increase. Especially, the dispersions of toxic materials cause serious effect to human life and environment, So it is very important to confirm safety distance of discharge accident. For this paper, we proposed new algorithms for toxic liquid, such as benzene and acrylonitrile. and using this argorithm, we are going to predict safety distance. The scenario of accidental release was assumed to be the release of entire quantity in 10 minutes is defined as worst-case scenario and Instantaneous release. Also the release from a partial rupture of line is used as an alternative case scenarios as NICS(National Institute of Chemical Safety) guidelines. Using ALOHA program and the algorithm for liquid toxic materials and suggested the graph, as well as correlated equations which can utilize emergency responders.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.44
• /
• pp.47-60
• /
• 1997

Today, more and more information is processed in the shop floor The main function of the shop floor is more enlarged and enriched by the integration of information processing tasks. So, we have designed the shop floor control information system(SFCIS) considered using the IDEF methodology. The SFCIS consists of 5 sub-systems, which are the manufacturing data base, the order release, the dynamic scheduling, the process control, and the output analysis sub-system. And we have constructed the SFCIS for long-cycle products, which have production lead time longer than the period of production planning horizon.

• Korean Management Science Review
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 2012

The goal of the multi-reservoir operation planning is to provide an optimal release plan that maximize the reservoir storage and hydropower generation while minimizing the spillages. However, the reservoir operation is difficult due to the uncertainty associated with inflows. In order to consider the uncertain inflows in the reservoir operating problem, we present a Stochastic Dynamic Programming (SDP) model based on the markov decision process (MDP). The objective of the model is to maximize the expected value of the system performance that is the weighted sum of all expected objective values. With the SDP model, multi-reservoir operating rule can be derived, and it also generates the steady state probabilities of reservoir storage and inflow as output. We applied the model to the Geum-river basin in Korea and could generate a multi-reservoir monthly operating plan that can consider the uncertainty of inflow.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.511-523
• /
• 2003

Internet has become an important part of teenagers' life and has changed the life style of teenagers. Internet can be an useful tool for educating teenagers and also can be misused as a cyberspace for social problems. Recognizing that teenagers spend most of their free time enjoying internet and they form their own new life culture, it is needed to develop practical strategies for maximizing the positive effect of internet on the teenagers' culture. The purpose of this research is to suggest a desirable way for forming teenagers' healthy internet-based culture. The research was conducted by the survey of teenagers in the city of Pyongtaek on their use of internet and their problems The survey shows that most of teenagers are using internet in order to release the stress and most of them are hooked on it. It also indicates that cyber police and volunteer groups should be formed to help the desirable teenagers' internet-based culture.