• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.353-360
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• 2001

An analysis procedure of 2-dimensional bridge dynamics has been developed by using force-deformation model, which simulates the pier motion under biaxial bending due to the bi-directional input seismic excitations. A three-dimensional mechanical model is utilized, which can consider the other major phenomena such as pounding, rotation of the superstructure, abutment stiffness degradation, and motions of the foundation motions. The bi-directional dynamic behaviors of the bridge are then examined by investigating the relative displacements of each oscillator to the ground. It is found that the nonlinearity of the pier due to biaxial bending affects the pier motions, but the global bridge behaviors are greatly governed by the pounding phenomena and stiffness degradation of the abutment-backfill system. Especially, the relative displacement of the abutment system (A2) with movable supports to the ground is increased about 30% due to the abutment stiffness degradation.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2023

Many spoofing detection studies have been conducted to cope with the most difficult types of deception among various disturbances of GPS, such as jamming, spoofing, and meaconing. In this paper, we propose a spoofing detection scheme based on elevation masked-relative received power between GPS L1 and L2 signals in a system using a multi-band array antenna. The proposed scheme focuses on enabling spoofing to be normally detected and minimizes the possibility of false detection in an environment where false alarms may occur due to pattern distortion among elements of an array antenna. The pattern distortion weakens the GPS signal strength at low elevation. It becomes confusing to detect a spoofing signal based on the relative power difference between GPS L1 and L2, especially when GPS L2 has weak signal strength. We propose design parameters for the relative power threshold including beamforming gain, the minimum received power difference between L1 and L2, and the patch antenna gain difference between L1 and L2. In addition, in order to eliminate the weak signal strength of GPS L2 in the spoofing detection process, we propose a rotation matrix that sets the elevation mask based on platform coordinates. Array antennas generally do not have high usefulness in commercial areas where receivers are operated alone, but are considered essential in military areas where GPS receivers are used together with signal processing for beamforming in the direction of GPS satellites. Through laboratory and live sky tests using the device under test, the proposed scheme with an elevation mask detects spoofing signals well and reduces the probability of false detection relative to that without the elevation mask.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2004

2차원 이미지로부터 3차원 이미지 복원은 각 픽셀까지의 깊이 정보가 필요하고, 3차원 모델의 복원에 관한 일반적인 수작업은 많은 시간과 비용이 소모된다. 본 논문의 목표는 카메라가 이동하는 중에, 획득된 단안 영상에서 영역의 상대적인 깊이 정보를 추출하는 것이다. 카메라 이동에 의한 영상의 모든 점들의 움직임은 깊이 정보에 종속적이라는 사실에 기반을 두고 있다. 전역 탐색 기법을 사용하여 획득한 움직임 벡터에서 카메라 회전과 배율에 관해서 보상을 한다. 움직임 벡터를 분석하여 평균 깊이를 측정하고, 평균 깊이에 대한 각 영역의 상대적 깊이를 구하였다. 실험결과 영역의 상대적인 깊이는 인간이 인식하는 상대적인 깊이와 일치한다는 것을 보였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2001

The MIAB welding uses a rotating arc as its heat source and is known as an efficient method fur pipe butt welding. The arc is rotated around the weld line by the electro-magnetic force resulting from the interaction of arc current and magnetic field. The electro-magnetic force is affected by magnetic flux density, arc current, and arc length. Especially, the magnetic flux density is an important factor on arc rotation and weld quality. This paper presents a 2D finite element model for the analysis of magnetic flux density in the actual welding conditions. The magnetic flux density is mainly dependent on gap between two pipes, the position of coil from gap center, exciting current, and relative permeability. Thus, the relations between magnetic flux density and main factors were investigated through experiment and analysis. Experiments were performed for the steel pipes(48.1mm O.D and 2.0mm thickness). The analysis results of magnetic flux density reveal that it increases with increasing exciting current, increasing relative permeability, decreasing distance from gap center to coil, and decreasing gap size. It is considered that the results of this study can be used as important data on the design of coil system and MIAB welding system.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.537-549
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• 2001

본 논문은 강 뼈대 구조물의 보-기둥 접합부의 사실적인 상태를 묘사하기 위하여 부분구속 접합부(Partially Restrained (PR) connections)를 고려한 지진하중 상태하의 신뢰성 해석과 접합부 및 그들에 내재된 불확실성이 구조물의 위험도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구이다. 신뢰성해석을 위하여 응답면기법(Response Surface Method), 유한요소법(Finite Element Method), 일차신뢰도법(First Order Reliability Method), 그리고 반복선형보간 기법(Iterative Linear Interpolation Scheme)을 효과적으로 결합한 추계유한요소법(Stochastic Finite Element Method)을 제안하였다 일반적으로 모멘트-상대회전각 곡선에 의해서 표현되는 보-기둥에 대한 부분구속 접합부(PR connections)의 거동이 본 논문에서는 네 개의 매개변수를 사용하는 리차드 모델(Four-parameter Richard Model)을 사용하여 모사하였다. 지진하중에 대하여, 부분구속 접합부에서의 재하(Loading), 제하(Unloading) 및 재재하(Reloading) 거동은 모멘트-상대회전각 곡선과 Masing법칙을 사용하여 표현하였다. 시간영역에서 지진가속도를 구조물에 작용시킴으로써 지진하중의 사실적인 재현을 도모하였다. 다양한 주요 비선형성의 원인들을 고려한 부분구속 접합부를 가지는 강 뼈대 구조물의 신뢰성해석이 지진위험도를 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. 제안된 기법의 명확한 이해를 돕기 위하여 한 예제를 제시하였다.

• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.473-482
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• 2016

An accurate determination of turbulent fluxes over an urban area is a challenging task due to its morphological diversity and associated flow complexity. In this study, an eddy covariance (EC) method is applied over a highly heterogeneous urban area in a small city (Gongju), South Korea to investigate the quantitative influence of 'coordinate tilt' in determining the turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat, momentum, and carbon dioxide mass. Two widely-used coordinate transform methods are adopted and applied to eight directional sections centered on the site to analyze a 1-year period EC measurement obtained from the urban site: double rotation (DR) and planar fit (PF) transform. The results show that mean streamline planes determined by the PF method are distinguished from the sections, representing morphological heterogeneity of the site. The sectional pitch angles determined by the DR method also compare well with those in the PF method. Both the PF and DR methods show large variabilities in the determined streamline planes at each directional section, implying that flow patterns may form in a complicate way due to the surface heterogeneity. Resulting relative differences of the turbulent fluxes, defined by $(F_{DR}-F_{PF})/F_{DR}$, are found on average +13% in sensible heat flux, +21% in latent heat flux, +37% in momentum flux, and +26% in carbon dioxide mass flux, which are larger values than those reported previously for fairly homogeneous natural sites. The fractional differences depend significantly on wind direction, showing larger differences in northerly winds at the measurement site. It is also found that the relative fractional differences are negatively correlated with the mean wind speed at both stable/unstable atmospheric conditions. These results imply that EC turbulent fluxes determined over heterogeneous urban areas should be carefully interpreted with considering the uncertainty due to 'coordinate tilt' effect in their applications.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2002

The objective of the paper was to calculate the pressure drop and to investigate the recirculation region of the conical orifices used in Kwang-yang Iron & Steel Company. The flow field with water used as a working fluid was the turbulent flow for Reynolds number of 2$\times$10$^4$. The effective parameters fur the pressure drop and the recirculation region were the conical orifice\`s inclined angle ($\theta$) against the wall, the interval(S) between orifices, the relative angle of rotation($\alpha$) of the orifices, the shape of the orifice's hole(circle, rectangle, triangle) having the same area, the number(N) of the orifice's holes having the same mass flow rate, and the thickness(t) of the orifices. It was fecund that the shape of the orifice's hole, the number of the orifice's holes and the thickness of the orifice affected the total pressure drop a lot and that the conical orifice's inclined angle against the wall, the relative angle of rotation of the orifices, the number of the orifice's holes and the thickness of the orifices affected the center location of the recirculation region. The PISO algorithm with FLUENT code was employed to analyze the flow field.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2021

Objective: There is a lack of studies using the 3D-2D image registration techniques on the mechanism of a shoulder injury for ice hockey players. This study aimed to analyze in vivo 3D glenohumeral joint arthrokinematics in collegiate ice hockey athletes and compare shoulder scaption with or without a hockey stick using the 3D-2D image registration technique. Method: We recruited 12 male elite ice hockey players (age, 19.88 ± 0.65 years). For arthrokinematic analysis of the common shoulder abduction movements of the injury pathogenesis of ice hockey players, participants abducted their dominant arm along the scapular plane and then grabbed a stick using the same motion under C-arm fluoroscopy with 16 frames per second. Computed tomography (CT) scans of the shoulder complex were obtained with a 0.6-mm slice pitch. Data from the humerus translation distances, scapula upward rotation, anterior-posterior tilt, internal to external rotation angles, and scapulohumeral rhythm (SHR) ratio on glenohumeral (GH) joint kinematics were outputted using a MATLAB customized code. Results: The humeral translation in the stick hand compared to the bare hand moved more anterior and more superior until the abduction angle reached 40°. When the GH joint in the stick hand was at the maximal abduction of the scapula, the scapula was externally rotated 2~5° relative to 0°. The SHR ratio relative to the abduction along the scapular plane at 40° indicated a statistically significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: With arm loading with the stick, the humeral and scapular kinematics showed a significant correlation in the initial section of the SHR. Although these correlations might be difficult in clinical settings, ice hockey athletes can lead to the movement difference of the scapulohumeral joints with inherent instability.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.669-676
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• 2004

등 간격 선형 어레이로 입사하는 광대역 인코히어런트 신호의 도래각을 효율적으로 추정하는 새로운 알고리즘을 제안한다. 변환행렬을 구성하기 위하여 CSM 방법이 초기 추정각을 요구하는 반면에 제안된 방법은 전혀 초기 추정각을 필요로 하지 않는다. 이 방법의 연산과정은 먼저 신호부각 방법에 의하여 중심주파수에서의 신호 부공간을 추정 한 다음 신호 부공간 회전 방법을 통한 직교변환행렬을 구성하는 것이다. 시뮬레이션 결과 제안된 방법이 CSM 방법보다 표본바이어스 면에서 우수한 성능을 제공함을 알 수 있었다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.87-92
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• 2019

Rotary dampers are damping devices which provide high resistance to shaft rotation. Rotary dampers are being used in various areas to enable the gentle opening and closing of the rotation motion relative to home furniture, industry machinery and automotive parts. Rotary dampers can be installed directly at the rotating point of a various part and can achieve uniform, gentle movement which increases quality and value of products. And generally, the silicone fluid is used as the damping medium because of its stable viscous properties. The movement of these little decelerators can be achieved with a high viscosity of working fluid and throttles installed in the body of the rotary damper. The damping force can be achieved clockwise, anti-clockwise or in both directions according to the structure of the orifices or throttles. In this paper, the torque performances of the rotary damper containing air in the working fluid were studied. For this purpose, the torque characteristic of the rotary damper according to the variation of various operating conditions such as clearance of leakage, dimensions of groove orifice, content ratio of air, etc., were simulated with AMEsim software.