• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.639-644
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• 2009

The aim of this study was carried out to investigate the protective effect of Rhizoma Dioscoreae on the gastric mucosal lesions induced by alcohol in rats. Experimental groups were treated by oral infusion with Rhizoma Dioscoreae extract at the dose of 0.03465 g/ml(OA-RD1 group), 0.0693 g/ml(OA-RD2 group), and 0.1386 g/ml(OA-RD3 group), while D.W group was administrated with the distilled water and control group did not pretreated. Experimental groups pretreated for 14 days, and given orally 1 ml of 75% alcohol two times(30min interval). The animals were killed 1hr 30min after alcohol treatment, and measured rats body weight, absolute stomach weight, relative stomach weight, SOD activity, glutathione peroxidase(GPx) activity, observed gastric mucosal lesions. The body weight was unremarkable changed. In once as dose intake group's absolute stomach weight was increased and In once as dose intake group, twice as dose intake group's relative stomach weight was increased. SOD activity, glutathione peroxidase activity in twice as dose intake group is remarkably increased. Light microscopy Observations of congestion, hemorrhage, and erosion in gastric mucosal lesions were shown severely in control group than OA-RD1, OA-RD2, OA-RD3. These results suggest that the proposed gastroprotective effect may involve activation of antioxidant effect. And Twice as dose is especially effective.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relative influence of diet and physical activity on obesity. The subjects were 155 adults aged 35-52 years from 24 neighborhood committees in 4 urban districts of Beijing (male : 78, female : 77). They were divided into normal weight, overweight and obese groups according to their BMI. The general information of the subjects was collected by interview-administered questionnaire. Dietary intake was obtained by three-day(two weekdays and one weekend day) food weighted method, physical activity was assessed by a validated combination of data obtained from activity monitors, bicycling information and activity records. There were no significant differences of age, gender, height, educational, family economic level, smoking and drinking between different groups. The proportion of flour intake was higher in obese group compared to normal weight and overweight groups, and that of vegetables is lower in obese group. The physical activity (PAL) was not significantly different between two groups of the normal, overweight and obese groups. After the adjustment for confounding factors using logistic regression model, we found that the proportion of flour intake was positively associated with obesity, while the proportion of vegetable intake was inversely associated with obesity. It is concluded that dietary patterns were associated with obesity and diets composed of more vegetables and less staple combined with physical activities could contribute to obesity prevention.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.87-92
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• 1995

We conducted a prospective cohort study to evaluate the preventive effect of ginseng on the development of cancer in the population over 40 years old residing in Kangwha-eup from August 1987 to December 1992. Alnong 4, 634 persons (2, 362 men, 2, 272 women), 335 (7.6%) persons had died. Cancer accounted for 79 (22.8%) of the total death. Of 4, 634 persons eligible for analysis, 70.475 (3, 263) were ginseng intakes. Ginseng intakes had a decreased risk (RR=0.48, 95% Cl : 0.34~0.67) compared with non-intakes. The relative risk of cancer according to the kind of ginseng was 0.23 (95% Cl : 0.08~ 0.63) for fresh ginseng extract intakes. There was a decrease in risk with rising the frequency of ginseng intake, showing statistically significant dose-response relationship. The longer the duration of ginseng intake or the greater the total number of ginseng consumed, the lower the risk. Newly diagnosed cancer cases have been identified: 42 stomach, 24 lung, 14 liver and 57 at other sites. The relative risks of ginseng intakes were 0.34 (95% Cl 0.19~0.60) in gastric cancer and 0.27 (95% Cl : 0.12-0.60) in lung cancer. Among ginseng preparations, fresh ginseng intakes were significantly associated with the decreased risk of gastric cancer (RR: 0.19, 95% Cl : 0.04~0.98). These results strongly revealed that Panax Ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean ginseng) has preventive effect against cancer.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.67-68
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• 2005

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to conduct a survey on coffee intake habits, preference of coffee and other beverages, and awareness of caffeine in coffee by college students in some areas of Jeonbuk province. According to the survey result, 83.9% of subjects drank coffee usually, and males (46.4%) and the females (54.2%) drank coffee at school stores and coffee shops, respectively. Companions to drink coffee with were mainly friends, and frequency of coffee intake was one to two cups daily for males and females. Males and females drank coffee at any time (60.0%) and after lunch (38.7%), respectively. Most males and females drank only coffee without snacks. Males preferred more soft drinks and sports drinks than females, but females preferred more milk and dairy products, tea, and coffee than males. Coffee was consumed most frequently, among several beverages. Reasons for drinking coffee was to prevent sleepiness (64.6%), and to enjoy its taste and aroma (38.0%) for males and females, respectively. Male (47.2%) and female (73.5%) subjects could detect caffeine, and most of them could detect caffeine in coffee. Additionally, all subjects agreed that less intake of caffeine was better for their health. Based on the survey of intake habits of coffee, the university students need nutrition education relative to labeling caffeine contents in coffee and intake of caffeine, and need to make an effort to overcome the potential damage of caffeine intake.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.66-73
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• 1994

The configuration effects of a tumble adaptor which transforms tumble into swirl on the intake tumble characterization under steady flow condition have been investigated by LDV measurement The following parameters were involved to test their effects on tumble-swirl conversion characteristics ; the cylinder height and its bottom shape, measuring position in the swirl induction pipe, and the relative direction of the induction pipe. The short cylinder height and the flat bottom of the tumble adaptor were found effective for the generation of tumble in the cylinder, allowing higher tumble-swirl conversion efficiency.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.293-298
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• 1991

A study was conducted to determine the effect of environmental temperature and level of food intake on plasma concentration of thyroid hormones. Three dairy heifers were used in an experiment which consisted of three levels of chamber temperature (10, 20 and $30^{\circ}C$) and three levels of food intake (100, 75 and 50% of recommended requirements). The analysis showed significant effects of environmental temperature on plasma triiodothyronine concentration, rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate but not on heat production. The range of plasma triiodothyronine was 2.51~1.79 ng/ml when the environmental temperature varied from 10 to $30^{\circ}C$. Effects of feed intake level were significant for heart rate and heal production. Heat production decreased from 25.9 to $20.0kJ/kg^{0.75}{\cdot}h$ when the TDN intake decreased from 66.3 to $35.1g/kg^{0.75}{\cdot}d$. There was no interactive effect of environmental temperature and feed intake level. Plasma triiodothyronine concentration decreased under high environmental temperature without any changes in heat production. The effects of environmental temperature and feed intake level on the physiological function of thyroid gland, as indicated by the relative circulating rate of thyroid hormones, were found to be clear.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.349-365
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• 1997

Using data obtained from 1, 473 adults aged 18-68 yrs, residing in large cities and by use of a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we assessed the relative importance of various foods as indicators of both the amount and the variability of selected nutrient intake to develop a simple food frequency questionnaire. Since Cronba- ch's alpha value of the questionnaire including 78 food items was 0.76, the reliability of this questionnaire was acceptable. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population could be explained by the small number of food items. The estimation of dietary nutrient intake such as total calories or protein content, which are derived from almost all foods, will require more food items with nutrients such as calcium or vitamin A, which are concentrated in a few food items. A dietary history ascertaining the intake of as few as 5-19 food items mighted be all needed in order to determent the associa- tion between disease outcome and the intake of a single nutrient. There was certainly a high level of agreement with nutrient intake by the sbujects who were cross-classified by quartiles of nutrient indices based on all the food items(78) and by quartiles of nutrient indices based on food items selected by stepwise multiple regression for selected nutrients. The data provided further evidence that useful information on dietary intake over an extended period can be obtained by a simple and relatively inexpensive food frequency questionnaire.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1435-1440
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• 2008

An experiment was carried out to investigate whether a local breed of cattle is better adapted than European breed crosses to low quality feeds and to variations in their supply. Four Red Chittagong (RC) and four Holstein cross Sahiwal (Hx) cattle were used to compare the intake and digestibility of German grass (Echinocloa crusgalli) and rice straw with four regimes of feed supply. These were; a choice of German grass and rice straw each offered ad libitum on the same day (A); German grass and rice straw offered ad libitum on alternate days (B); rice straw offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by German grass ad libitum for 5 days (C); and German grass offered ad libitum for 5 days followed by rice straw ad libitum for 5 days (D). Each breed was offered the treatments in a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square design. The German grass intake and total dry matter intake per kg metabolic live weight were significantly higher for the Hx than for RC, but there were no significant effects of genotype on digestibility of nutrients or live weight. Treatment A had the highest proportion of German grass relative to rice straw in the total DM intake, and had the highest total DM intake and apparent digestibility of nutrients compared with treatments B, C and D. It was concluded that there was no significant evidence that the RG cattle were better adapted to a variable supply of low quality feed than Hx cattle, and that the variable feed supply reduced the ability of cattle to select a preferred diet and consequently nutrient intake was depressed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.301-311
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• 1985

Even though the anticarcinogenic effect of dietary factors especially beta - carotene has been reported by various investigators, the mechanism of the action of ${\beta}-carotene$ has not yet been identified. We carried out the present study to determine the possibilities of relative cancer risk related to dietary intake of vitamin A ( both ${\beta}-carotene$ and retinol ) and blood levels of vitamin A among Koreans. The subjects were divided into two groups; cancer patients and controls. Blood levels for ${\beta}-carotene$ and retinol were analyzed by alumina column chromatography and colorimetry. Dietary intake was examined by food profile and convenient method for evaluating nutritional status through recalling 10 years of food habits. The results obtained are as follows : 1 ) Calorie, protein, fat, and carbohydrate intakes of cancer patient were lower than those of control. Calorie and carbohydrate intakes showed no significant difference but protein and fat intakes were significantly lower in cancer patients. According to cancer sites, in stomach cancer only fat intake was significantly lower than that of control. In lung and larynx cancer calorie, protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes showed similar trend as in control. 2 ) Vitamin A intake of cancer patient was significantly lower than that of control. It was estimated that 83.6% of total Vitamin A intake were provided by ${\beta}-carotene$ for control and cancer patient respectively. 3 ) The mean intake of dietary ${\beta}-carotene$ in cancer patient was significantly lower than that in control ( $7002\;\mu}g/day$ versus $10326\;{\mu}g/day$ ) According to cancer sites in mean intake of dietary ${\beta}-carotene$ was significantly lower in all but stomach cancer compared with that of control. Lung and larynx cancer showed lowest ${\beta}-carotene$ intake with mean value of $5855{\mu}g/day$ and $5492{\mu}g/day$ respectively. 4 ) The mean intake of dietary retinol in cancer patient was significantly lower than that in control ( $245{\mu}g/day$ versus $338{\mu}g/day$ ), but the difference was not significant. 5 ) The relative risk of all cancers in the first (lowest) to the forth quartile level of ${\beta}-carotene$ consumption such as $0-5999{\mu}g/day$. $6000-8999{\mu}g/day$, $9000-11999{\mu}g/day$/ day and $12000-20000{\mu}g/day$ was 85 : 1.7 : 20 : 1.0. The relative risk of all cancers in the first (lowest) to the forth quartile level of retinol consumption, such as $0-299{\mu}g/day$, $300-599{\mu}g/day$, 600-899${\mu}g/day$, and $900-1200{\mu}g/day$, was 1.14 : 067 : 0.21 : 1.0. 6 ) The various food group consumption of cancer patient were significantly lower than those of control in green leafy vegetables, fruits, sea weeds, milk and cheese and eggs. But the Kimchie consumption in cancer patient was three fold higher than that of control ( $1840\;{\mu}g/day$ versus $562\;{\mu}g/day$ ) and in the stomach cancer, Kimchie consumption was the highest, ( $1890\;{\mu}g/day$) According to cancer sites, the consumption of green leafy vegetables was significantly lower in all but stomach cancer compared to control and other vegetables showed no difference between two. In lung and larynx cancer, green leafy vegetables consumption was lowest ( $6094{\mu}g/day$ $5921{\mu}g/day$) and milk and cheese consumption was also( $5\;{\mu}g/day$ and $11{\mu}g/day$) 7 ) The recovery of ${\beta}-carotene$ from human serum by alumina column chromatography was $94.4{\pm}2.3%$. 8 ) Cancer patients showed significantly lower serum retinol ($56.4{\pm}18.1\:{\mu}g/100ml$ versus $72.2{\pm}21.8\:{\mu}g/100ml$) and ${\beta}-carotene$ ($48.9{\pm}33.8\:{\mu}g/100ml$ versus $72.2{\pm}42.6\:{\mu}g/100ml$) concentrations than in controls. 9 ) But breast cancer patients were not significantly different from controls in their serum retinol and ${\beta}-carotene$ concentrations.