• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Feeding is an important aspect of insect nutrition which in turn supports growth, development, reproduction and survival. The impact of quantitative feeding on nutritional parameters of fifth instar Antheraea mylitta larvae was studied by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day. All the parameters improved upon providing fresh diets more times over the single diet (1FD). The absolute body weight increased with increase in number of feeds/day significantly (P<0.001). While the maximum weight recorded was 29.61 g in 1FD, the respective weights for two feeds/day (2FD), three feeds/day (3FD) and four feeds/day (4FD) were 39.41 g, 40.63 g and 42.66 g respectively. Feeding period and instar duration were declined (P<0.001) and survival increased significantly (P<0.001) upon increase in the number of diets. Nutritional indices like ingestion, digestion, relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and gain in body weight increased significantly with the increase in number of feeds/day, but approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) declined, while efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.361-365
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• 1993

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feeding fresh cassava roots on the performance and carcass quality of pigs raised from $15{\pm}1kg$ to 85 kg live weight. Fresh unpeeled cassava roots were chopped into chips and offered separately along with a protein concentrate made up of copra cake and meat and bone meal, and a local mineral-vitamin premix. Commercial pig grower and finisher diets served as control. A total of 24 pigs were used in an incomplete randomized split-plot design experiment. Pigs fed fresh cassava-based diet grew as fast, 0.78 vs 0.77 kg/day, and were as efficient, 3.74 vs 3.77 in converting feed into body weight gain as those fed the commercial control diet. Similarly, there were no differences in carcass quality measured in terms of dressing percentage, 77 vs 77; backfat thickness, 2.76 vs 2.78 cm; loin eye muscle area, 29.2 vs $29.1cm^2$ and in the relative proportions of the different carcass cuts between the two dietary treatments. The use of fresh cassava along with the protein and the local mineral-vitamin premix however, resulted in lowered total feed cost and cost per unit of live weight gain. It is concluded that fresh cassava roots can be fed along with copra cake, meat and bone meal protein concentrate and a local mineral-vitamin premix to fattening pigs with no adverse affects on performance and carcass quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2005

Since the growth and quality of oak mushrooms are sensitively affected by environmental conditions, an adequate environmental control is very essential to improve the yield and quality under protected cultivation. In this study, the diameter, thickness, length and hardness of cap and stipe, the dry weight, fresh weight and moisture content of the mushrooms were analyzed under the environmental conditions such as night air temperatures (control, $5{\~}11^{\circ}C$ and $12{\~}18^{\circ}C$), relative humidities in the daytime (control, humidifying for 6 h and 12 h), and wind velocities (control, fan-operation for 6 h and 12 h). At a lower night temperature, the quality of the mushrooms was improved, and considered to be optimum at $3{\~}8^{\circ}C$ in terms of fresh weight and quality. At $70{\~}80{\%}$ of relative humidity in the daytime, the fresh weight was increased, but the quality decreased. Considering the quality, the relative humidity in the daytime is adequate at around $50{\%}$. At 6 h of maintaining the wind velocity at $1{\~}2\;my{\cdot}s^{-1}$, the growth and quality were better, but the lightness became higher at 12 h although the fresh weight was reduced by evaporation. It is concluded that even though both of the yield and quality are not easily improved at a same time, optimum approaches should be required by using the relationship among environmental factors and the growth and quality.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.146-150
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• 2017

This research investigated the effect of photo/dark period and relative humidity during dark period on the growth and quality of water dropwort in a closed-type plant factory system. At 30 days after planting, the shoot fresh weight of water dropwort under relative humidity of 60/90%(light/dark) treatment significantly higher than that under relative humidity of 60/60% treatment. The shoot fresh weight of water dropwort increased by extending light period under relative humidity of 60/60% treatment, but 16/8h photo/dark period showed the best shoot fresh weight, followed by 20/4h and 22/2h under relative humidity of 60/90% treatment. In the relative humidity of 60/90% treatment, the tipburn occurrence was reduced under 16/8h photo/dark period condition as 1.4%, whereas it was significantly increased under 20/4h and 22/2h of relatively long light time duration as 15.5% and 30.3%, respectively. In the relative humidity of 60/60% treatment, the tipburn occurrence was 15.5% under 16/8h photo/dark period condition and those under 20/4h and 22/2h photo/dark period condition were higher than 25%. The stem hardness of water dropwort was lowest in relative humidity of 60/90% and 16/8h photo/dark period treatment. The mineral contents of leaves were decreased by extending light period, but the contents of Ca were not different significantly among the treatments except the 60/60% and 22/2h treatment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.294-300
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• 1999

After researching the physical properties of the concrete included Rice Husk Ash(RHA concrete) and workability of fresh concrete admixed RHA, we have tested durability of RHA-concrete against freeaing and thawing in the winter using rapid freezing and thawing test method(KS F 2456) . There aretwo hypotheses to explain the failure mechanism of a freezing and thawing action. First, the hydraulic pressure in the pores of freezing concrete make an internal stress of concrete structures outbreaking micro crack in the face of concrete, Second, Frost action causing damage to cement paste repeatedly come from soil frost action, freezing water in the capillaries. Initial Relative Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity (DME) was biggest in cae of unit binder weight 600kgf/㎥ and relative dynamic modulus of elasticity increased until 300cycles. In general , initial relative DME was proportional to unit binder weight . Relative DME was decreased in proportion to unit binder weight in the case of 300, 400, 500kgf/㎥ , but relative DME fo the others remained more than 90% until 300 cycles. It was not good effect of intermixed RHA to concrete in case of below unit binder weight 300kgf/㎥ and the resistance of freezing and thawing was not good either.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.1
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• pp.100-108
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• 1988

This research was performed to estimate the influence of relative light intensity, planting density, growth period on the growth of fresh and dry weight of the stem and branches, and root in the pretreatment transplanting bed. 1. The growth of fresh and dry weight of the stem and branches per seedling varied in the order of 63%>100%>37%>19% in relative light intensity, and increased with decrease of planting density, and grew highly during the period from May to June. The contribution rates to the growth of fresh and dry weight of the stem and branches were 49.4% and 39.6% in shading treatment, and 4.3% and 6.4% in planting density, and 34.2% in growth period respectively. Of the three factors, that is, shading, density and period, all of the interactions between two factors, and among the three factors in the growth of fresh and dry weight of stem and branches were significant. The growth of fresh and dry weight of root per seedling increased with light intensity and decreased with increase of density. The best growth of root, showed during the period from May to June in fresh weight, but during the period from July and August in dry weight of root. For the three factors, that is, shading, density and growth period, all the interactions between any two factors, and among the three factors in the growth of fresh and dry weight of root were significant.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 1993

This experiment was conducted to study on the morphological change and growth retardation of Korean Lawograss (Zoysia japonica Steud.) under various shading degrees. Dada of plant height, No. of tiller, No. of stolon, No. of rhizome and fresh weight were measured on the l47days after transplanting in 1991. The results are summarized as follows. Plant height was increased at 30% shading degree or over, Maximum plant height was observed at 60% shadeing degree which was 24.2 cm. while full sunlight(control) was most shorted as 10.1 cm. Plant height rapidly was increased as to shading degree increase. The decreasing rate was lower in tiller number and stolon number(top parts of plant) compared with the rhizome number(under ground part) was severely decreased at 30% to 60% of shading. To increase the shading degree, rhizome number was most severely decreased under shading degrees. As degree of shading increase to 30%, 60% and 90%, fresh weight decrease to 66%, 44%, 22% to full sunlight, respectively. Relative growth retadation of Korean lawngrass was decreased by the order of number of rhizome, fresh weight, number of tiller, number of stolon. And these characters were highly significant accord-ing to the different shading degrees.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.37-40
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• 1976

The experiment designed to obtain information relative to the favourable levels to apply N.P.K fertilizer was conducted at the hop garden of College of Agriculture, S.N.U. in 1975. The varieties used were 1-year-old Cascade, Hallertau and Shinshuwase. The design of the experiment was a split plot design with 3 replications. Yields were recorded as fresh weight of harvested cones in gram per split plot. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows: 1. The results from analysis of the data for 3 varieties indicated that significant increase in yield were found due to the application of 46g N, 20g P2O5 and 60kg K2O per plant, although higher level thn the above caused a remarkable reduction of yield. 2. The individual fresh weight of harvested cones was significantly increased with application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash, regardless of fertilizer levels. 3. Analysis of variance for yields showed that there were no significant interaction between fertilizer level and variety, i.e., all varieties used might require the same fertilizer level.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.234-239
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• 2010

The irrigation interval and time for the supply of nutrient and water to the plant is important in the aeroponic system. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of irrigation interval on the growth of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system. Young bare-root plants (four leaves, 16 g in fresh weight) were used for this experiment. The composition of nutrient solution was, in $me{\cdot}L^{-1}$, 9 N, 3 P, 4 K, 4 Ca and 2 Mg. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of nutrient solution used was $1.2\;dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$ and 5.8, respectively. Irrigation intervals were 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 minute and each irrigation time was 10 minute. The total fresh and dry weight, the number of branched roots, and relative growth rate at the 20 and 30 min. was greater than 10, 40, 50 min. interval. Especially, the fresh weight of roots at 30 min. interval was the highest. Leaf length was the highest at 30 min. interval but there was no difference in leaf width. The amount of water consumed for a month was 0.71 L per plant and it was reduced with increasing irrigation interval. There was no difference in the amount of consumed mineral contents for 15 days except for potassium. Potassium absorbed was the highest at 30 min. irrigation interval. As a result, the optimum irrigation interval was 30 min for the production of Phalaenopsis hybrid seedlings in the aeroponic system.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.115-120
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• 1981

Effect of soil water on the growth of Panax ginseng(2 years old) was investigated through pot experiment. the results were as follows. 1. Optimum soil moisture content for root yield appeared to be 65.5% of field capacity(22.1% fresh weight basis) and at 31.5%(10.7% fresh weight basis) relative growth rate was nil. 2. Under suboptimum condition of soil moisture, emergence of shoot and leaf unfolding was delayed. The rate of emergence of shoot and leaf area was also decreased while missing shoot rate was increased. 3. Root yield was positively correlated with leaf area per plant(r=0.91 **), stem diameter (r=0.73**), stem length(r=0.71 **) fresh top yield(r=0.93**) and negatively with missing shoot rate(r=-0.77**). 4. Fresh root weight showed negative correlation(r=-0.80**) with water content of root indicating that tissue is more compact when grown at sufficient water.