• Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

The line-width of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied as a function of the temperature at a frequency of 9.49 GHz in the presence of external electromagnetic radiation. The relative frequency dependence of the absorption power is obtained with the projection operator technique (POT) proposed by Kawabata. The line-width increased as the temperature increased in the high-temperature region (T>200 K). The scattering is little affected in the low-temperature region (T<200 K) because there is no correlation between the resonance field and the Fermi-Dirac distribution function. Thus, the present technique is considered to be more convenient to explain the resonant system as in the case of other optical transition problems.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.47-52
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• 2015

The correlation between admittance and dielectric spectroscopy of dielectric relaxation in lead scandium noibate, have been investigated. Lead scandium niobate, with composition $PbSc_{0.5}Nb_{0.5}O_3$, was prepared by conventional solid state synthesis. Conductance Y'(G), susceptance Y"(B) and capacitance C of lead scandium niobate as a function of frequency and temperature were measured. From the temperature-dependence of RLC circuit, insight into physical significance of the dielectric properties of lead scandium niobate is obtained. The relative strong frequency dependent of dielectric properties in lead scandium niobate is observed, and the phase transition occurred at a broad temperature region. Also, the value of critical exponent ${\gamma}$=1.6 showed on heating process. The long relaxation times part enlarged diffuse by conductivity effects with increasing temperature, and the ordering between $Sc^{3+}$ and $Nb^{5+}$ in PSN influences complex admittance and dielectric properties. Confirmed the typical characteristic of lead-type relaxor in the Raman spectra of lead scandium niobate and major ranges are between 400 and $900cm^{-1}$.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.2110-2117
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• 2003

A physics-based material removal model in various scales is described and a feature scale simulation for a chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process is performed in this work. Three different scales are considered in this model, i.e., abrasive particle scale, asperity scale and wafer scale. The abrasive particle and the asperity scales are combined together and then homogenized to result in force balance conditions to be satisfied in the wafer scale using an extended Greenwood-Williamson and Whitehouse-Archard statistical model that takes into consideration the joint distribution of asperity heights and asperity tip radii. The final computation is made to evaluate the material removal rate in wafer scale and a computer simulation is performed for detailed surface profile variations on a representative feature. The results show the dependence of the material removal rate on the joint distribution, applied external pressure, relative velocity, and other operating conditions and design parameters.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.31.1-31.1
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• 2017

Spiral structure in disk galaxies is modeled with ncollisionless N-body simulations including live disks, halos, and bulges with a range of masses. Two of these simulations make long-lasting and strong two-arm spiral wave modes that last for about 5 Gyr with constant pattern speed. These two had a light stellar disk and the largest values of the Toomre Q parameter in the inner region at the time the spirals formed, suggesting the presence of a Q-barrier to wave propagation resulting from the bulge. The relative bulge mass in these cases is about 10%. Models with weak two-arm spirals had pattern speeds that followed the radial dependence of the Inner Lindblad Resonance. In addition to these, we also report a few more cases where two-armed spirals are developed and are maintained for a several rotation time scales.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.29-31
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this country analysis is to examine its current state: economically, politically, legally, and ethically, and look at small and medium Algerian businesses to identify any issues that could hinder economic and business performance and growth. Research Design, and Methodology - This is a case study, an analytical approach, which focuses on exploring and analyzing different aspects of Algeria. Results - Since 2008, the Algerian economy has experienced a relative slowdown due to falling oil and gas prices and the economic recessions of its main trading partners, in particular, European countries. Algeria has still not managed to diversify its economy or establish competitive industrialization at the international level; it has had difficulty shifting from its economic dependence on hydrocarbons. Algerian businesses continue to face obstacles and constraints, penalized in their performance and prevented from success in a dense and competitive global marketplace. Conclusion - The Algerian economy and Algerian businesses have shown positive performance and growth over the last few decades. However, issues exist that may hinder both business and economic progress in the future.

• Laser Solutions
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 2009

Ripple formation of femtosecond laser in stainless steel is investigated using 184 fs pulses with a center wavelength of 785 nm. The effect of the laser polarization relative to the translation direction is observed. For drilling with a certain aspect ratio, reflections at the hole walls take place, leading to a non-uniform intensity distribution deep inside the formed hole. Finally, it is shown that a circular polarization during the drilling process significantly improves the quality of the produced holes.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.93-100
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• 1994

Friction-induced vibration characteristics of automotive brake lining pad are investigated on the basis of experimental observations from a pin-on-disk type friction-induced vibration experimental apparatus. The measured responses of the experimental apparatus show limit cycles of quasi-harmonics type and beat phenomena due to the velocity dependence of friction force. To deduce the friction coefficient vs. relative velocity Lienard method is adopted with least square fit. It shows Scurve which characterizes a quasi-harmonic vibration. The calculation of amplitudes and friquencies of the limit cycles is done using slowly changing phase and amplitude method. The theoretical and numerical results show fairly good agreements with those of experiments.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

This study proposes a temperature compensation method of the complex permittivities of biological tissues and organs. The method is based on the temperature dependence of the Debye model of water, which has been thoroughly investigated. This method was applied to measured data at room temperature for whole blood, kidney cortex, bile, liver, and heart muscle. It is shown that our method can compensate for the Cole-Cole model using measured data at 20 $^{\circ}C$, given the Cole-Cole model based on measured data at 35 $^{\circ}C$, with a root-mean-squared deviation of 3~11 % and 2~6 % for the real and imaginary parts of the complex permittivities, respectively, among the measured tissues.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.523-526
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• 2002

This paper presents the simulation of Au / $Ba_{x}$S $r_{1-x}$ Ti $O_3$(BSTO) / Magnesium oxide (MgO) multi-layered and electrically tunable band-pass filters (BPFs) by using high frequency structure simulator (HFSS). This model is a two-pole microstrip edge coupled filter. The filter was designed fur a center frequency about 5.8 GHz. The tunabillity of the filter is achieved using the nonlinear dc electric-field dependence on the relative dielectric constant of BSTO frroelectric thin film. This work seems very promising for future wireless communication systems....

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.227-241
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• 2016

A circular plate with constant thickness, finite radius and stiff edge lying on an elastic halfspace is considered. The half-space consists of a soft functionally graded (FGM) layer with arbitrary varying elastic properties and a homogeneous elastic substrate. The plate bends under the action of arbitrary axisymmetric distributed load and response from the elastic half-space. A semi-analytical solution for the problem effective in whole range of geometric (relative layer thickness) and mechanical (elastic properties of coating and substrate, stiffness of the plate) properties is constructed using the bilateral asymptotic method (Aizikovich et al. 2009). Approximated analytical expressions for the contact stresses and deflections of the plate are provided. Numerical results showing the qualitative dependence of the solution from the initial parameters of the problem are obtained with high precision.