• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.35-45
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to identify the factors associated with the degree of role conflict and the likelihood of exits of the labor force of working wives and to investigate the relationship between the role conflict and job quitting behavior of working wives. The major results of this study are as follows. First, the ratio of reservation wage relative to wife's earnings, wife's earnings, husband's behavioral support, the presence of child under age of 6, the type of occupation, and job satisfaction are associated with the role conflict of working wives. Second, there is a significant difference in the job quitting behavior of working wives according to the degree of role conflict of working wives. Third, the level of role conflict, educational level, the ratio of resonation wage relative to wife's earnings, husband's behavioral support, the presence of child under age of 6, the type of occupation, and job satisfaction are associated with the likelihood of job quitting of working wives.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.29-54
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• 2005

This paper presents a simple two-sector general equilibrium model of noncomparative advantage trade between structurally identical advanced economies. Attention has focused on the effects of trade in information technology (IT) goods and services on the wage inequality in the digital economy. The model confirms and illustrates that wage inequality in the digital economy reflect trade in IT goods and services between advanced economies. In particular, this paper shows that even though the relative price of skilled labor-intensive technology good is declined with trade in IT goods and services, the wage of skilled labor increases. The reason is that as Jorgenson (2001) has empirically found, the price elasticity of demand for the technology goods is elastic.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.29-66
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• 2006

This study investigates the structural change of wage determination within internal labor market that have occurred around the financial crisis in 1997 by using the personnel data(1996~2000) of a Korean large firm. We take the effect of performance-based pay system to apply on wage determination of workers using Mincerian earnings function estimation. After introducing the annual salary system in the firm, we did not find the fact that the wage effect of seniority decreases, but we found the wage effect of relative evaluation ratings increases. Then, this study identifies the importance of the reward strategy of firm in Korean internal labor market. Finally, we have concluded that although the firm acknowledged the positive effects of performance-based HRM practices, we have not obtained enough evidence on the transformation into such practices because the seniority-based HRM has been traditionally prevalent in the Korean internal labor market.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-51
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• 1998

compensation is a major function of human resources management. The hospital industry is characterized by its remarkable labor intensity and human resource input by unit. That is why the hospital industry has a higher level of wage/cost ration. The issues of how much the hospital personnel's direct financial compensation amounts to and how the organizational and other factors generate compensation differentiation, are central problems for research in hospitals. But there have been few approaches to study staff compensation in hospitals, its magnitude and inter-hospital relative compensation amounts for the same personnel. A worker who moves from low-wage to a high-wage employer can usually increase his or her pay without change in job description. This means in the cases of same jobs, relative importance is different for each hospitals. The purpse of this study were to find the compensation levels of hospital personnel and to determine the factors affecting compensation levels of hospital personnel. The unit of analysis is the hospital and 145 hospitals were studied for nurse(RN), medical technoloist(MT), managerial personnel(MP) and 100 hospitals for medical doctor(MD). In this study the definitions of direct financial compensation are before tax, excluding employer's contriution and total annual remuneration received by the employee. Main findings of the research can be summarized as follows. 1. Direct financial compensation of hospital personnel are MD 45,056,000 won, RN 9,222,000 won, MT 9,513,000 won and MP 9,185,000 won in the starting year's employment in hospital. 2. According to determinants of hospital personnel compensations, there are no statistical significant variables to determine the level of MD's compensation. Wlith RN and MT's compensation level, the greater the patient revenue per 100 hospital beds, the higher the RN compensation and the tertiary hospital's compensation is much more than other types of hospitals. The location of hospital is another determinant factor for the MT's compensation level. Hospitals that are in the uban area have lower compensation level than rural area. There are the same results in MP with MT. Conclusions can be drawn from the results of the study. First, the wage differentiation of MD and other health personnel still remains and the differentiation existed in inter and intra job personnel of hospitals. Second, determinants of hospital personnel personnel compensation level are patient revenue, location, and type of hospital level.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-47
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• 2016

This paper aims to analysis working-time of Korea focusing on "the difference and the distribution" by a stratum. Classifying working-time into four categories including marginal part-time, part-time work, standard-time work and long-time working, it compares the relative distribution by income quintile. The outcome is as following : 20% of low-ranking income quintile are (marginal) part-time working, 60% from income quintile 2 to 4 are in long-time working and 20% of top-ranking income quintile are in the standard-time working in overall. Working-time classes can be divided up into three: short time-low income of type 1, long time-medium income of type 2 and standard time-high income of type 3. Analysing working time type, the low wage-short time, medium wage-long time and high wage-standard time by the wage per month and low wage-very long time, medium wage-long time and high wage-standard time by the wage per hours are confirmed. Also, stratification of working-time has been intensified in terms of age, jobs and work status. Policy implication from this study is that the increase of minimum wage to the lowest income class and creation of employment by the reduction of working-time to the medium income class could be effective policies.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.85 no.2
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• pp.316-324
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• 1996

This study was conducted by relative time study to identify the allowance time and basic work time, which is together composed of the total work time, in the wage composition and work process composition. This study was done for the case of a basic one person a group from thinning treatment for some conifer species such as Japanese red pine, Japanese larch, pitch pine and Korean pine. 1. In order to apply the Japanese allowance time of four species to the general conifer case, the maximum value of allowance time composition value among those of four species was selected. The results are as follows: delay time for person 1.8%, rest time 14.1%, delay time for machine 12.5% and wating time 0.4%. The some of ratios of adjustment allowance time is 28.8%. 2. Estimated wage basis time table, which can be used for wage table or process table, was prepared by adding up adjusted general allowance time and standard work time estimated by estimation equation for each species through the time study.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.462-467
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• 2018

Background: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of work on medical expenditures by the elderly. Methods: Data pertaining to individuals aged 65 or older collected by the Korean Health Panel 2008-2013 were used. The effects of work on medical expenditures were analyzed in a panel tobit model adjusted for several variables of demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, and health factors for health care. Data were also analyzed based on age groups (65-74, $75{\leq}$), type of work (waged or self-employed), and working time (daytime work or night time work). Results: Among the elderly older than 65 years, 34-37% were workers. Work among the elderly reduced medical expenditures relative to nonworking elderly. Specifically, medical expenditures were lower in individuals older than 75 years, as well as among those who were self-employed insured and had medical aid insurance and those who exercised. However, medical expenditures were higher among females, married individuals, those with a higher household income, and those with a chronic disease. Elderly wageworkers showed reduced medical expenditures than nonworking elderly and elderly daytime workers did. Conclusion: The elderly population's work, especially wage work and daytime work, reduced medical expenditures relative to no work. These results provide valuable information for policymakers by indicating that work was associated with lower medical expenditures than no work. If elderly work is to be encouraged, it is necessary to provide a variety of high-quality wage work.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.277-288
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• 1996

Food away from home consumption pattern difference among 20 different social strata has been observed in order to make judgement how much food away from home expenditure should be included in the 2 tiered poverty line. It was found that it was reasonable to include food away from home expenditure in the minimum living cost. And as social class rose expenditure amount and percentage of consumption compared to total food expenditure increased and income elasticity and margial propensity decreased. Percentage of consumption compared to total expenditure increased up to middle class however from 14/20 and up strata decreased as social strata rose. For 4 members city wage earner family suggested monthly poverty line is 16, 977 and suggested monthly relative poverty line is 60, 651.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.129-152
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• 2006

The purpose in this study is to analyze the effect of expected public pension assets (or social security wealth) and retirement incentives on retirement behaviors of two wage earners households. For the purpose of the study, an empirical analysis was conducted. In the empirical step, it was found that the empirical results were significant for men, but not for women namely, statistically asymmetric if behaviors of two couples are interdependent. The cause for the statistically asymmetric results were then determined. The Bivariate Probit model was used for estimation in the first step and the KLIPS(Korean Labor and Income Panel Study) was used as data for estimation. According to the empirical analysis, the results showed statistically significant asymmetry for men, however not for women, in expected public pension assets and other retirement incentives, non-wage assets, age difference, spouse's health status, spouse's monthly wages per hour and aging of their spouse In this study, cause of statistically asymmetric result in asymmetric complementarities of leisure of couples were found, then explained through different methods of comparison from the most recent studies. First, spouse's cross wage elasticity of self leisure demand(retirement) was calculated and determined whether complementarities of leisure of couples is positive or negative. Then, the degree of complementarities of leisure was distinguished in comparison with the relative size of two cross elasticities. Thus, men have relatively strong complementarities of leisure. But for women, it may roughly cancel out due to the substitution effect and the income effect. Therefore, women have relatively weak complementarities of leisure.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.75-97
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• 2008

Recently Korea is expected with the decrease of population in working ages and also population structure, especially age structure, has changed as aging goes faster. This study focuses on the relationship between age structure and wage structure to analyzes the cohort size effect on the change of age-earnings profile. Our empirical analysis based on Wright(1991)'s model takes weighted OLS regression using the male worker's data of Ministry of Labor 'Wage Structure Survey'($1990{\sim}2006$). In pooled data, we take the conclusion that the cohort size effect was found in high school and college graduate workers, but the effect is different between them. The labor market entry effect of high school graduate workers is negative(-) and his persistent effect is positive(+). On the other hand, the cohort size effect of college graduate workers have appeared the opposite directions in contrary with the existing results of Welch(1979) and Wright(1991). This results are seen as the possibility that college graduate worker has the benefit of wage level by his relative cohort size in spite of high unemployment of young graduate. It will be the sign of need that we should interest in the change of age structure with balancing the labor supply side approach and the demand side study which the previous studies was mainly tended to focus on.