• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.349-358
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• 2010

대부분의 터널은 시간이 지남에 따라 유입량 증가, 작용수압의 변화 등 지하수의 영향을 받는다. 이러한 수리영향에 대응하기 위하여 터널 시공 시 지하수의 유입과 라이닝의 간극수압을 줄이기 위한 그라우팅을 적용한다. 본 연구에서는 효과적인 그라우팅을 위해 수치 해석결과를 바탕으로 다양한 그라우팅 조건에 대한 영향을 분석하였다. 그라우팅 영향 특성을 분석하기 위하여 그라우팅의 상대 투수계수 해석, 그라우팅의 두께, 그라우팅의 거리 등을 영향요소로 다르게 하였다. 해석결과는 지반하중, 수압, 라이닝 위치에 따른 수압, 라이닝 주변 수압분포, 유입량으로 나누어서 고찰하였다. 라이닝의 작용하는 지반 하중은 모든 조건에서 거의 동일했으며, 라이닝에 작용하는 수압은 그라우팅의 투수계수가 감소할수록, 두께가 증가할수록, 그라우팅 영역 거리가 가까울수록 감소하였다 유입량은 그라우팅 투수계수가 작을수록 감소하며, 그라우팅 두께와는 반비례한다. 본 그라우팅 영향 평가를 활용하여 지반 조건에 따른 그라우팅의 효과적인 적용을 할 수 있다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2002

The following research conclusions were made, relative to the experiments of the textiles of fire fighters Protective Clothing. 1. When the body protection efficiency such as the thickness, the strength and heat resistance are considered, Nomex(N) is tuned out the best outer shelf, Gore-tex(KG) the best moisture barrier, and Wool-felt(WC) the best thermal barrier. 2. In the hygienic and sanitary efficiency also, N is turned out the best outer shelf, KG the best moisture barrier, and WC the best thermal barrier in its degree of water resistance, water vapour permeability, and air permeability. 3. In the washing and maintenance efficiency, too. N is turned out the best outer shell, KG the best moisture barrier, and WC the best thermal barrier, being considered the material's rate of contraction, the changing rate of frame resistance, water resistance, and water vapour permeability. 4. When considered the frame resistance against the reflection tape and reflection efficiency, O is the best material for it marks the highest score in the frame resistance and reflective effect.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2012

Focusing on the effect of excess pore pressure dissipation on liquefaction-induced ground deformation, a series of 1-g shaking table tests were conducted in a rigid soil container by use of saturated Toyoura sand, the relative density of which was 20-60%. These tests were subjected to the sinusoidal base shaking with step increased accelerations: 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gals for 2-4 seconds. Shaking table tests were done using either water or polymer fluid with more viscous than water, thus varying the sand permeability of model tests. Excess pore pressures, accelerations, settlements and lateral deformations were measured in each test. Test results are presented in this paper and the effect of sand permeability on liquefaction and liquefaction-induced ground deformation was discussed in detail.

• 약학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.125-138
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• 1969

The absorptions of aminopyrine, molecular compounds of aminopyrine and mixed compounds of aminopyrine were studies in the small intestine of rats (in situ). The molecular compounds of aminopyrine were more absorbed than aminopyrine and mixed compounds of aminopyrine were less absorbed than aminopyrine in small intestine of rats. The appearent permeability coefficients and the absorption velocity constants of the molecular compound of aminopyrine-barbital were highest and the orders of decreasing in values of permeability coefficients and the absorption velocity constants of the other molecular compounds are as follows: Aminopyrine-secobarbital, Aminopyrine-phenobarbital Aminopyrine-amobarbital, Aminopyrine-cyclobarbital Aminopyrine-allobarbital. The orders of decreasing in values of the appearent permeability coefficients and the absorption velocity constants of the mixed compounds of aminopyrine are as follows: Aminopyrine secobarbital, Aminopyrine allobarbital Aminopyrine cyclobarbital, Aminopyrine amobarbital Aminopyrine phenobarbital, Aminopyrine barbital. The relative absorption rates of aminopyrine, molecular compounds of aminopyrine and the mixed compounds of aminopyrine by the goldfish method and the partition coefficients were correlative to the values of circulation method.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기기기및에너지변환시스템부문B
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2003

This paper describes a development of magnetic tomography system using two poles perpendicular magnetic field. In the system, the relative permeabilities of the object are detected by Hall sensors located along with tube circumference. The signals according to the size and position of the object could be separated in case the relative permeability of the object are over 10. Moreover, the size and location of the object could be determined in real time.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.507-511
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• 2019

고분자전해질 연료전지(PEMFC)의 고분자막 내구성을 평가하는데 수소투과도가 많이 사용되고 있다. 수소투과도를 쉽게 측정하는 방법으로 선형 주사 전압 측정법(Linear Sweep Voltammetry, LSV)이 주로 사용된다. 연구자마다 LSV 측정 방법에 차이가 있어 연구 결과를 비교하기가 어려울 때가 많다. 그래서 본 연구에서는 측정하기 어렵지만 정확한 값이라고 할 수 있는 기체 크로마토그래프에 의한 수소투과도와 DOE와 NEDO의 LSV 방법을 비교하여 정확성을 확인하고자 하였다. 온도와 상대습도를 변화시키며 수소투과도를 측정해 비교했을 때, DOE LSV 방법이 GC 방법과 비교해 오차 범위 5%이하의 정확성을 보였다. NEDO LSV 방법은 DOE방법과 같이 0.3V의 전류 값으로 수소투과전류밀도를 결정했을 때 오차는 감소하였다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2021

The gas permeability behavior of unsaturated bentonite-based materials is of major importance for ensuring effective sealing of high-level radwaste repositories. This study investigated this by taking a sample of Granular Bentonite Material (GBM) at the end of the Engineered Barrier Emplacement (EB) experiment in the Opalinus Clay, placing it under different humidity conditions until it achieved equilibration, and testing the change in the gas permeability under loading and unloading. Environmental humidity is shown to have a significant effect on the water content, saturation, porosity and dry density of GBM and to affect its gas permeability. Higher sensitivity to confining pressure is exhibited by samples equilibrated at higher relative humidity (RH). It should be noted that for the sample at RH=98%, when the confining pressure is raised from 1 MPa to 6 MPa, gas permeability can be reduced from 10^-16 m² to 10^-19 m², which is close to the requirements of gas tightness. Due to higher water content and easier compressibility, samples equilibrated under higher RH show greater irreversibility during the loading and unloading process. The effective gas permeability of highly saturated samples can be increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude after 105℃ drying. In addition, cracks possibly occurred during the dehydration and drying process will become the main channel for gas migration, which will greatly affect the sealing performance of GBM.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.13
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• 2022

Objectives: This study evaluated the effects of different smear layer preparations on the dentin permeability and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of 2 self-etching adhesives (Clearfil SE Bond [CSE] and Clearfil Tri-S Bond Universal [CTS]) under dynamic pulpal pressure. Materials and Methods: Human third molars were cut into crown segments. The dentin surfaces were prepared using 4 armamentaria: 600-grit SiC paper, coarse diamond burs, superfine diamond burs, and carbide burs. The pulp chamber of each crown segment was connected to a dynamic intra-pulpal pressure simulation apparatus, and the permeability test was done under a pressure of 15 cmH₂O. The relative permeability (%P) was evaluated on the smear layer-covered and bonded dentin surfaces. The teeth were bonded to either of the adhesives under pulpal pressure simulation, and cut into sticks after 24 hours water storage for the µTBS test. The resin-dentin interface and nanoleakage observations were performed using a scanning electron microscope. Statistical comparisons were done using analysis of variance and post hoc tests. Results: Only the method of surface preparation had a significant effect on permeability (p < 0.05). The smear layers created by the carbide and superfine diamond burs yielded the lowest permeability. CSE demonstrated a higher µTBS, with these values in the superfine diamond and carbide bur groups being the highest. Microscopic evaluation of the resin-dentin interface revealed nanoleakage in the coarse diamond bur and SiC paper groups for both adhesives. Conclusions: Superfine diamond and carbide burs can be recommended for dentin preparation with the use of 2-step CSE.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2006

본 연구는 도로포장 재료의 상대습도를 편리하고 신뢰성 있게 측정할 수 있는 방법을 파악하여 도로포장 재료의 수분변화 특성을 분석할 수 있는 가능성을 연구하기 위하여 수행되었다. 이를 위하여 먼저 대기의 습도를 여러 가지의 센서를 이용하여 측정한 후 비교 분석하여 센서의 정확성 및 측정치의 보정 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였으며 신뢰성이 확인된 센서를 이용하여 시멘트 몰탈 시편의 초기 경화 과정 및 실외 상태에서의 습도를 측정하여 분석하였다. 또한 습도측정용 센서를 이용하여 도로포장 재료의 투수성을 분석할 수 있는 몇 가지 방법에 대한 기초 실험도 수행하여 습도 측정을 통해 재료의 투수 특성 분석 가능성도 시험하였다. 연구 결과 Hygrochron을 이용하여 도로포장 재료의 습도를 측정하는 것이 여러 측면에서 유리한 것으로 판단되었으며 이러한 센서를 장착하는 방법 및 측정값을 보정하는 방법을 파악하였다. 몰탈 시편은 시편의 습도가 대기 습도의 증가 또는 감소하는 추세에 따라 변화하기 보다는 대기 습도에 접근하는 방향으로 변화한다는 것을 알았으며, 시편의 표면과 내부에서의 습도변화에는 확연한 지연이 생기는 것도 발견하였다. 또한 습도 측정용 센서는 도로포장 재료의 투수성을 측정하기에도 매우 적합하며 습도 측정값을 이용하여 재료의 투수 속도를 예측할 수 있는 방법을 제시하였다.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2003

In a HTS transformer, the perpendicular component of magnetic flux density ($B_r$) applied to HTS tapes of pancake windings becomes larger than that of solenoid winding, thereby decreasing the critical current in the HTS tapes. This paper introduces several methods to reduce $B_r$ applied to the HTS tapes in the transformer with double pancake windings by changing winding arrangements and the relative permeability of flux diverters. We have conducted a winding design for a single-phase 1MVA 22.9kV/6.6kV HTS transformer. We observed a change of $B_r$ due to a variation of gap-length between the high voltage windings and the low voltage windings, reciprocal arrangement and an increase of the number of the high voltage pancake. We also observed a change of Br on the HTS tapes due to variation of the relative permeability of flux diverters placed between the high voltage winding and the low voltage winding. Finally, we have designed a 1MVA 22.9kV/6.6kV HTS transformer winding using suggested methods and calculated transformer parameters by the 3D finite element method.