• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

The antibacterial effect of fish diet soaked in the extract of Salvia miltiorriza was tested to determine its levels of antibacterial activity, minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The extract showed strong activity against gram positive bacteria, but was weak against gram negative bacteria. Concentration levels of 13.4~40.3 and 67.2~403.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml were determined as the MIC and MBC, respectively. However, levels above 403.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml was neither bacteriostatic nor bactericidal against Edwardsiella tarta, a gram negative strain. The fish diet, soaked in the extract of Salvia miltiorriza, inhibited the growth of all strains of Streptococcus genus and Vibrio anguillarum. The relationship formula between weight of fish diet and Salvia miltiorriza extract absorbed into the fish diet was Y＝2.4953X＋3.3276 ($R^2$= 0.9999). The antibacterial activity of the fish diet, soaked in the extract, was stable from 10 to 35$^{\circ}C$ during the storage period of 28 days.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the allometric analysis of roxithromycin using pharmacokinetic data. The pharmacokinetic parameters used were $half-life(t_{1/2})$, mean residence time (MRT), clearance (Cl) and volume of distribution at steady state $(V_{ss})$. Relationships between body weight and the pharmacokinetic parameter were based on the empirical formula $Y=aW^b$, where 'Y' is $t_{1/2}$, MRT, Cl, or $V_{ss}$, W the body weight and 'a' is an allometric coefficient (intercept) that is constant for a given drug. The exponential term, 'b', is a proportionality constant that describes the relationship between the pharmacokinetic parameter of interest and body weight. As results of the allometric analyses, the logarithms of $t_{1/2}$, MRT, Cl, and $V_{ss}$ were linearly related to the logarithms of body weight. Results of the current analyses could provide information on appropriate doses of roxithromycin for all species.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2004

Many idealizations and ideal conditions in physics have been an important role in understanding of the basic physics concepts and in solving physics problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships of pre-service teachers' misconception of heat with their understanding of the ideal conditions involved in solving problems of heat and temperature. Test instruments were composed of two parts. One part was asked to answer the heat conceptions, the other to write statements in relations to ideal condition hidden in the process of heat problems solving. For this study, pre-service teachers who are in four major courses in the University of Education in a local city were selected and total numbers of pre-service teachers were 108 students. The framework was developed for classifying pre-service teachers response of open items of ideal conditions of heat domains. According to the framework, each types of response were coded, analyzed and processed with a SPSS/PC program. The results are as the followings. In the heat conceptions, most of students showed correct response, and there was no significant differences between major courses. In understanding of ideal conditions, students' responses of "idealized condition relevant to problem" showed 65.2％ of them, and "not relevant idealized conditions" 15.5％, and no response 12.2%. In the 15.5% of students "not relevant idealized conditions", 10.5％ of them did not explained correctly conditions, just simply 2.7％ stated the laws in physics or formula, 1.6% generally, but irrelevantly described the idealized conditions. More importantly pre-service teachers showed very weak correlation between heat conception and understanding of ideal condition. Although we concluded there were no significant relationships of heat conception in understanding of ideal conditions in thermodynamics domain, these suggest that many other factors may influence understanding of ideal conditions in physics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.315-322
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• 1993

To evaluate of the relationship between the TMJ disorder and the vertical mandibular asymmetry, the author analyzed the differences between condylar heights, ramus heights and mandibular heights of both sides. All measurements were performed with a digital micrometer on the panoramic radiographs of 36 TMJ disorder patients and 30 normal control group. The differences were expressed in millimeters and percentage using the following formula; ｜(R-L)/(R+L)｜×100% The results were as follows : 1. The condylar height difference was greater of in patient group (1.86±1.66㎜) than that of in control group (1.22±0.85㎜)(p<0.05). But there was no significant difference in the condylar height ratio difference between patient group (11.67㎜11.44%) and control group (7.64±621%) (p>0.05). 2. The ramus height difference and ramus height ratio difference of patient group (4.52±3.70㎜, 4.39±3.49%) were greater than those of control group (2.64±2.13㎜, 2.46±2.02%)(p<0.05, p<0.01). 3. The mandibular height difference and mandibular height ratio difference of patient group (4.32±3.52㎜, 3.59±2.81%) were greater than those of control group (2.57±2.46㎜, 2.01±1.95%) (p<0.05). 4. The ratio difference in condylar height to ramus height and condylar height to mandibular height of patient group (5.01±4.13%, 3.36±2.88%) were greater than those of control group (2.33±1.78%, 1.90±1.40%) (p<0.01).

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.125-131
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• 2004

A series of unconfined compression tests were carried out firstly to investigate mechanical behaviors of Lightweight Foamed Soil (LWFS) which is composed of dredged soils, cement and air foam. And secondly, to compare the difference of mechanical characteristic of LWFS with previous research conclusions (Yoon & Kim,2004) by using different dredged soils sampled at Joong-Ma in Gwangyang harbor area. Based on numberous laboratory experiments, it was found that deformation coefficient $(E_{50})$ of LWFS increases with increasing cement contents but decreases with increasing initial water contents of dredged soils. Appropriate regression formula (normalizing factor scheme) which considers relationship between LWFS composing elements, initial water contents of dredged soils, cement, air foam, and uniaxial compression strength or LWFS is proposed for practical applications. Finally, it was clear that, to apply LWFS method to practical projects, certain laboratory test would be necessary to take considerations of soil locality because mechanical charac-teristics of LWFS were surely dependent upon their sampled locations and properties.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.257-277
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• 2000

The objectives of this study are to investigate the relationship between the growth of the horticultural sector and horticultural research and extension and to examine the socioeconomic returns to investment on research and extension in Korean horticulture. Data for horticultural production values, producer price indices and research and extension budgets for horticultural sector from 1965 to 1998 are collected from various sources. Multi-variate time series analysis technique with vector auto-regression model and Akino-Hayami Formula were employed for the analysis. This study finds (1) horticultural production responds about seven years later to the horticultural research investment shock. the magnitude of the impacts increases to a peak in seventeen years from the initial expenditures and then declines slowly thereafter until twenty years. and this peak gives a tip that horticultural research impact lasts much longer than grain's or agriculture's: (2) the social surplus from research investment benefits more to the consumer rather than to the horticultural producer: (3) B/C ratios in horticultural research are quite high with the range of 9 to 55 from 1965 to 1998. but these have been decreased since the early 1990s: (4) the socioeconomic returns to horticultural research is quite high with 56 percents of internal rate of return. It remains to be analyzed returns to investment on extension in horticulture because of no statistic significance in this study.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.211-217
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• 2020

Earthquake preparedness has become more important with recent increase in the number of earthquakes in Korea, but many existing structures are not prepared for earthquakes. There are various types of liquefaction prevention method that can be applied, such as compaction, replacement, dewatering, and inhibition of shear strain. However, most of the liquefaction prevention methods are applied before construction, and it is important to find optimal methods that can be applied to existing structures and that have few effects on the environment, such as noise, vibration, and changes in underground water level. The purpose of this study is to estimate the correlation between the displacement of a structure and variations of pore water pressure on the ground in accordance with the depth of the sheet file when liquidation occurs. To achieve this, a shaking table test was performed for Joo-Mun-Jin standard sand and an earth pressure, accelerometer, pore water pressure transducer, and LVDT were installed in both the non-liquefiable layer and the liquefiable layer to measure the subsidence and excess pore water pressure in accordance with the time of each embedded depth. Then the results were analyzed. A comparison of the pore water pressure in accordance with Hsp/Hsl was shown to prevent lateral water flow at 1, 0.85 and confirmed that the pore water pressure increased. In addition, the relationship between Hsp/Hsl and subsidence was expressed as a trend line to calculate the expected settlement rate formula for the embedded depth ratio.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.38.2-38.2
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• 2010

We have examined the occurrence probability of solar proton events (SPEs) and their peak fluxes depending three flare parameters (X-ray peak flux, longitude, and impulsive time). For this we used NOAA SPEs from 1976 to 2006, and their associated X-ray flare data. As a result, we selected 166 proton events that were associated with major flares; 85 events associated with X-class flares and 81 events associated with M-class flares. Especially the occurrence probability strongly depends on these three parameters. In addition, the relationship between X-ray flare peak flux and proton peak flux as well as its correlation coefficient are strongly dependent on longitude and impulsive time. Among NOAA SPEs from 1997 to 2006, most of the events are related to both flares and CMEs but a few fraction of events (5/93) are only related with CMEs. We carefully identified the sources of these events using LASCO CME catalog and SOHO MDI data. Specifically, we examined the directions of CMEs related with the events and the history of active regions. As a result, we were able to determine active regions which are likely to produce SPEs without ambiguity as well as their longitudes at the time of SPEs by considering solar rotation rate. From this study, we found that the longitudes of five active regions are all between $90^{\circ}W$ and $120^{\circ}W$. When the flare peak time is assume to be the CME event time, we confirmed that the dependence of their rise times (proton peak time - flare peak time) on longitude are consistent with the previous empirical formula. These results imply that five events should be also associated with flares which were not observed because they occurred from back-side. Now we are examining the occurrence probability of SPEs depending on CME parameters. Finally, we will discuss the future prospects on the development of an empirical SPE forecast model based on the information of flares and CMEs.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.416-421
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• 2011

In this paper, the relationship of chamber contamination and the intensity change of specific wavelength was investigated. "diff_CO" formula was introduced to rule out background noise caused by external conditions and to detect when the polymer is removed from the chamber. As RF time increased, diff_CO trend showed the decrease of the maximum peak and increased number of small intensity peaks. From the diff_CO change, it was possible to determine when the chamber needs to be cleaned without opening the chamber.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.561-570
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• 1997

The feature of this paper is (1) to analyze the characteristics of rainfall-runoff relationship with kinematic wave theory, (2) to study the computational model to estimate the sediment yield, (3) to analyze the effects of bed change by transport formulas and the number of watershed division, and (4) to verify the model application with observation of channel data and measurement of rainfall, runoff, sediment discharge in Pyung-Chang River Basin. The calculated time of concentration of peak discharge occured little earlier than the actual, but the tendency of hydrograph coincided with observation. The shape of sediment hydrographs was similar to the water hydrograph. Based on above results, the applicability of the model was verified in detail. As the number of watershed division increased, the difference between the measured runoff and sediment values and the estimated ones decreased. The result of calculation with Yalin's formula for surface and Acker-White's one for channel gave the best agreement with the measured data among the six selected sediment transport foumulas.