• IE interfaces
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

Various problems on logistics systems have been dealt with recently as research issues since they were regarded critical for taking up a better position in the increasingly competitive global market. In particular, the freight transportation is considered as a key factor which affects the economic competitiveness of a whole nation as well as the production cost of individual companies. The objective of this study is to identify main issues and review recent foreign and domestic studies related to the freight transportation. The studies are classified into two categories according to the hierarchical level in the decision making process: infra structure design and transportation strategies, service design and operation. Main issues are introduced with a brief review on the related literature and methodologies applied.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.3145-3149
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• 2014

Gene expression profiling facilitates the understanding of biological characteristics of gliomas. Previous studies mainly used regression/variance analysis without considering various background biological and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate gene expression differences between grade III and IV gliomas through partial least squares (PLS) based analysis. The expression data set was from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. PLS based analysis was performed with the R statistical software. A total of 1,378 differentially expressed genes were identified. Survival analysis identified four pathways, including Prion diseases, colorectal cancer, CAMs, and PI3K-Akt signaling, which may be related with the prognosis of the patients. Network analysis identified two hub genes, ELAVL1 and FN1, which have been reported to be related with glioma previously. Our results provide new understanding of glioma pathogenesis and prognosis with the hope to offer theoretical support for future therapeutic studies.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.291-297
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• 2011

Aging is one of the most complicated biological processes in all species. A number of different model organisms from yeast to monkeys have been studied to understand the aging process. Until recently, many different age-related genes and age-regulating cellular pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1-like signal, mitochondrial dysfunction, Sir2 pathway, have been identified through classical genetic studies. Parallel to genetic approaches, genome-wide approaches have provided valuable insights for the understanding of molecular mechanisms occurring during aging. Gene expression profiling analysis can measure the transcriptional alteration of multiple genes in a genome simultaneously and is widely used to elucidate the mechanisms of complex biological pathways. Here, current global gene expression profiling studies on normal aging and age-related genetic/environmental interventions in widely-used model organisms are briefly reviewed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.368-372
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• 2017

We conducted a retrospective study and reviewed the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)-related papers published in a leading international journal, Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, between January 2014 and December 2015. The study was conducted to ascertain and compare the trends of articles being published in the years 2014 and 2015. A total of 28 articles were reviewed, of which most of the full-length articles were on clinical management and outcomes and the role of radiology. The bulk of the studies were prospective, and less interest was shown in experimental research. A thorough review and analysis thus gives the impression that there is a great need for well-designed clinical studies on TMJ.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.63-69
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• 2013

Purpose - This study sought to discuss definitions of organizational culture taking into consideration different views, and the historical and philosophical elements of organizational culture. Research Design, Data, and Methodology - This paper is a relatively conceptual study that has attempted to define organizational culture, a topic that has been debated among scholars and practitioners. Various studies in the literature related to organizational culture have been reviewed in an effort to reduce the complexities and ambiguities in definitions of organizational culture. Results -This study summarized and synthesized different studies related to organizational culture, and identified the main streams for defining organizational culture as being from the historical and philosophical elements of organizational culture. Conclusions -The concept of organizational culture continues to be an important factor affecting organizational effectiveness and initiating organizational development. However, the definition of organizational culture has not been well-established. In this sense, this paper seems to be significant and meaningful as it attempts to define organizational culture from different perspectives.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

Success of any business solely is dependant on how to satisfy clients in healthcare-related industry. In the short history of Korea pet-care industry, there were not many guidelines on client satisfaction management of companion animal hospitals. The studies on many pet healthcare facilities were conducted based on their cost-benefits and the advantages of medical operation within special features of the traditional hospital management system. However the companion animal hospitals recently need to improve the service quality and client closed communication in keen competition on pet healthcare market. This study explores client satisfaction management could be the new issue of the veterinary hospital business. And it finally suggests of the critical factors affecting successful client satisfaction management of companion animal hospital based on the eight case studies.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2008

This study examines the effect of group-counseling programs for parents of children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on parenting stress, parenting competence, and symptoms related to ADHD. For this study, 9 parents of children with ADHD were selected as an experimental group that participated in a group-counseling program and another 9 parents of children with ADHD for a control group that participated in a group of free conversation without a program. The program consisted of 9 sessions (a 70 minute meeting per session) with 2 sessions a week. Data were analyzed by a paired t-test and independent samples t-test, using SPSS program packages. Results showed significant before and after differences in the degree of parenting competence and that Parenting competence was improved with the experimental group.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.218-230
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• 2018

According to the burst of aged people, researchers have focused on aging-related diseases. Cognitive impairment including Alzheimer's disease (AD), one of the representative diseases related to aging, has no treatment option until now. Recently, it has been revealed that systemic inflammation plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of AD. Previous studies have suggested the association between poor oral health and cognitive impairment. Poor oral health can cause dental caries, chronic periodontitis, multiple tooth loss, and poor chewing ability, etc. Especially, periodontitis is a well-known chronic inflammatory disease and affects cognitive impairment directly and indirectly by inflammatory products mediators. Therefore, reduction of pathogenic microbial burden and inflammatory products by treating periodontitis can be a therapeutic modality to prevent cognitive impairment or to slow down the progression of it. Future studies are necessary to elucidate the causal relations and plausible mechanisms between poor oral health and cognitive impairment.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 1985

The relationship between home environment variables for infants and toddlers and the nature of primary caregivers were examined in the present study. The purpose of the study was to explore the possibility of home stimulation deprivation when infants were not cared by their own mothers. Primary caregivers were classified into mothers, blood related adults, and unrelated adults. The home environment was assessed with the Korean version of HOME (Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment) by means of interview and observation. The subjects of this study were 126 infants aged 3 to 36 months and their primary caregiver, adults who provided more than 8 hours day-time care for infants at home. The results were as follows : 1) The primary caregiver had an effect on the infants' home environmental stimulation. That is, the group of mothers as primary caregivers had the highest HOME scores, the second highest were blood related adults, and the unrelated adults were the last. 2) There were no sex differences in HOME scores. 3) There were significant relationships between the educational level of the caregiver and HOME. That is, the higher educational levels showed higher HOME scores.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-53
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• 2002

In the Korean domestic construction field, there are a lot of problems related to construction information exchange and sharing owing to the absence of construction drawing information exchange standard. To remedy the aforementioned inefficiency effectively, it is necessary to apply the STEP standard which is known as an international standard for achieving the establishment of Construction CALS. This study focus on suggesting a methodology to activate the STEP based construction drawing information exchange standard to the current construction drawing information exchanging and sharing practice. In this paper, the domestic and foreign standardization projects related to the construction drawing information have been investigated and analyzed. In addition, a methodology of applying and activating the STEP standard has been suggested. Finally, a verification and certification methodology for applying the CALS/EC construction drawing information exchange standard(STEP) have been suggested.