• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.305-310
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• 2012

Allergic diseases such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis are heterogeneous diseases characterized by multiple symptoms and phenotypes. Recent advancements in genetic study enabled us to identify disease associated genetic factors. Numerous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed multiple associated loci for allergic diseases. However, the majority of previous studies have been conducted in populations of European ancestry. Moreover, the associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with allergic diseases have not been studied amongst the large-scale general Korean population. Herein, we performed the replication study to validate the previous variants, known to be associated with allergic diseases, in the Korean population. In this study, we categorized three allergic related phenotypes, one allergy and two asthma related phenotypes, based on self-reports of physician diagnosis and their symptoms from 8,842 samples. As a result, we found nominally significant associations of 6 SNPs with at least one allergic related phenotype in the Korean population.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.173-180
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• 2003

To clarify whether the closely related species living in the same area is a population or populations ecologically, leaf morphology, specific leaf area, and fruit and seed production were studied in the natural group of sect. Pes-gallinaceua of Corydalis of Namhansansung area from 1999 to 2000. There were 352 plants in one square meter and total eight species or varieties were identified. Of the 352 plants, the number of C. turtschaninovii was the most with 103(29.3%), and that of C. ambigua was the next with 78(22.2%), and that of C. turtschaninovii var. fumariaefolia was the smallest with 9(2.6%). In the 28 plants having spotted leaves, central leaflet did not parted or again parted. The extent of partition with the plant was various from non-parted type to perfectly two-parted type (three leaflet). Between two extreme types, there were diverse types so that this character formed a gradient. The rate of length/breadth was in the range of 0.79~2.17. This character was related to the extent of leaflet partition but did not well expressed the distinguishing trait along a species. The number and the type of serration were diverse and there was no sharp borderline among the species or varieties. Ecological properties, specific leaf area, the number of fruit per plant, and the number of seed per fruit, varied with a wide range in a species or variety but differences between species or variety were not significant. Therefore, the Corydalis group studied was regarded as a population on the three criteria: (1) possibility of interbreeding, (2) continuity of leaf morphology, (3) irrelevance between character and species, (4) similarity of several ecological properties.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2002

The purpose of this research is to analyze the contents related to environmental education(EE) in the elementary school textbooks for the following areas: well-balanced EE, and development of EE curriculum/teachers' guide in elementary school level. For the purpose of this analysis, elementary school teachers, education administrators and EE specialists were involved. Eleven content areas of EE, namely: natural environment, artificial environment, population, industrialization, natural resources, pollution, environmental conservation, environment sanitation, environment ethics, environmentally sound and sustainable development(ESSD), and daily li(e as a consumer, were analyzed. The results of the analysis are as follows: 1. There are total 1,140 contents related to EE in the elementary school textbooks of 7th Korea National Curriculum. 2. The textbooks of grade 6 contain the most number of EE contents, while the least number is in the textbooks of grade 3. 3. The subject that includes EE contents equally in its textbooks is social studies, and the subjects that relate a lot to EE are Korean language, science, and social studies respectively. 4. The content areas that are included a lot in textbooks are' natural environment', 'pollution', and' environmental conservation' respectively, while the contents of 'population','industrialization', 'ESSD' are included to a lesser degree. The content area most frequently mentioned in the textbooks is 'pollution', and the number of the contents are increasing along with the grade level. 5. Generally, the content areas of 'population', 'industrialization', and 'natural resources' are reflected in the textbooks to a lesser degree than others. 'Industrialization' is not included in the textbooks of grade 2, while 'population' is not included in ones of grade 4. According to the result, more concern about balanced EE in content areas is needed at the elementary school level. Similar studies tot K and secondary school levels are needed. The developmental study of EE guide book and teacher training for teaching EE using the book are also recommended.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.93-98
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• 2021

Electroencephalography (EEG) measures neural activation due to various cognitive processes. EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) are widely used in studies investigating psychopathology and neural substrates of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents. The present study aimed to review recent ERP studies in child and adolescent psychiatry. ERPs are non-invasive methods for studying synaptic functions in the brain. ERP might be a candidate biomarker in child-adolescent psychiatry, considering its ability to reflect cognitive and behavioral functions in humans. For the EEG study of psychiatric diseases in children and adolescents, several ERP components have been used, such as mismatch negativity, P300, error-related negativity (ERN), and reward positivity (RewP). Regarding executive functions and inhibition in patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), P300 latency, and ERN were significantly different in patients with ADHD compared to those in the healthy population. ERN showed meaningful changes in patients with anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Patients with depression showed significantly attenuated RewP compared to the healthy population, which was related to the symptoms of anhedonia.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.356-381
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• 2001

This study has three objectives. One of them is to debate on the incompatible Neo-Malthusianism and Comucopianism, which give us a comparative gauge for analysis of the population elements in Korea and Japan. The other is to investigate how a variety of population elements are related to specific regions, Korea and Japan. And the last is to compare and analyze the residential preference pattems and the degree of care for the future life for the aged over 50 ages. Various elements in population show that Japan is of type superior to Korea, and that the gap between two countries is getting narrow every year. Wiber's migration expectancy is much higher in Kwangiu-si and Chollanam-do than in Hiroshima-ken. Burial customs in funeral ceremony has been vanished in Japan, but only 30 percents in Korea is crematory. This burial customs being much stiff existent in Korea, the effect of the population decrease caused by the death is reduced. A case study through questionnaire on the residential preference patterns for the aged over 50 years old shows that Japanese than Korean are more dependent on their sons and daughters, and ‘loneliness of solitary life’is the first reason in both countries. The degree of care for the future life is also remarkably higher in Japanese than in Korean. These are related in various ways to their ages, scholarships and local areas(si or gun). A general cognition in which the shortage of labour forces comes into existence in aged society is of misconception, because it comes from taking labour forces away from the aged, not from being old society. Even a minute population change is worth notice since the inertia law is also applied to the population phenomenon. Malthusinism hold fairly good even now, and the notion is very important in which population, resources and environmental problems are no longer personal or a regional matters, but the global family's issues.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1976

This study was a part of large scale of a prospective study on attitudes of professional students in medicine, nursing and teaching toward population related issues in Korea. The study was first conducted in May 1974 and then in May 1975 for the 1974 class cohot using a questionaire consisted of attitude scales and other items developed by Lee. The purpose of stuay was twohold, namely, to determine the difference in students among specializations on one hand and between the first and second years in the 1974 class cohot regarding tile subject matter. A one-way analysis of variance was used for attitude scale, and absolute and relative frequency were computed for the analysis of non-attitude scale items by employing Fishers' Ratio and Duncan's multiple range test at 5% level and chi square test at 5% level as significance tests. The hypothesis 'students in health profession are more likely to have positive attitudes toward population related issues progressively as class year advances than students in teaching profession' was tested and the following results were obtained: 1) Nursing students were more likely to display favarable attitudes toward family planning than medical or teaching students although the class cohot showed slightly negative improvement in the second year. Medical and teaching students apperaed to have slightly improved attitudes in the second year. 2) Respondents in general perceived national family planning program as a means of population control and this tendency was more true among nursing students as the class year advances than two other professional groups of students. Students in teaching profession appeared to perceive it more as a means to improve individual family welfare while health students were likely to see as to improve maternal and child health. This tendency was progressively improved as the class year advanced. 3) The majority of students regardless of their respective specializations believed that family planning program should be directed toward the improvement of individual family welfare. No progressive changes in the class cohot were observed. 4) About the plan to use contraceptives in future, no singnificant differences were observes among different specializations nor in different class years. However, the majority was confirmed to have a plan to use contracepives in future. An increasing proportion of the undecided category was observed, as class year advanced among health students. 5) Students in health profession were found to be more favorable about 'more leisure opportunities' as motive for limiting number of children whereas education students indicated the reasons as 'facilitate ambitions' and 'economic base' The progressive changes toward positive direction in both groups were observed as the class years advanced. 6) Attitudes toward induced abortions of the health students were observed to be positively related to class years while an inverse relationship was found in teaching students who showed much less favor in the subject matter than health students. This phenomenon may be due to the different exposure to learning environments unique to respective specializations. 7) Health students were found to have more favorable attitudes toward population education in general than the teaching students. The teaching students appeared to have changed more to the negative direction when they became the second year while no such development was observed in health students. The teaching students seemed to hold a very conservative position with regard to sex education in schools. 8) About the equality of sexes, the nursing group was found to be most favorable while the reverse was true in the teaching group. A change in the negative direction as the class year advanced was found in the teaching group. 9) About questions related to fertility values-the 10 percent of respondents regardless of specialization indicated that they would maintain their single status in future, however no change was observed in the second year. The desired number of children was found to be two by the majority of students in nursing, medicine and teaching in order of high proportion. No changes in a different class year were observed. The childless marriage was seen by nursing students as a problem more than other students, but a slight change in positive direction was found when the nursing students became the second year. In summing, as data supported in the above, students in health profession demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward population related issues than the teaching students and this tendency became more apparent in the second year. It was noticed that health students were more conscious about the health aspect of population and family planning program while the teaching students gave more attention to the socioeconomic aspect. The sex variable seemed to have operated in the item related to the equality of sexes. In conclusion, as data presented in the above, the hypothesis of this study was accepted except in the few items. It should be noted that the limitation of this study is the short duration of the observation in measuring the possible attitude changes. It should include curriculum analysis for the respective specializations in order to indentify the area of curriculum impact on students in future study.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

Genomic DNAs isolated from crucian carp of four rivers, belonging to the family Cyprinidae was amplified by seven oligonucleotides primers. In the present study, we employed hierarchical clustering method in order to reveal genetic distances and variations. Crucian carp was acquired from Hangang river (CAH), Geumgang river (CAG), Nakdonggang river (CAN) and Yeongsangang river (CAY). The primer BION-12 generated the most loci (a total of 50) with an average of 10 in the CAY population. The primer BION-10 generated the least loci (a total of 19), with an average of 3.8 in the CAG population, in comparison to the other primers used. Seven oligonucleotides primers made 16.7 average no. per primer of specific loci in the CAH population, 7.4 in the CAG population, 8.6 in the CAN population and 0.9 in the CAY population, respectively. The specific loci generated by oligonucleotides primers revealed inter-individual-specific characteristics, thus disclosing DNA polymorphisms. The dendrogram obtained by the seven oligonucleotides primers indicates four genetic clusters. The genetic distance that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.06 and no.08 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.036), while the genetic distance among the five individuals that displayed significant molecular differences was between individuals no.08 and no.09 from the CAG population (genetic distance = 0.088). With regard to average bandsharing value (BS) results, individuals from CAY population ($0.985{\pm}0.009$) exhibited higher bandsharing values than did individuals from CAH population ($0.779{\pm}0.049$) (P<0.05). Relatively, individuals of CAY population were fairly closely related to that of CAN location (genetic distance between two populations<0.016).

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.25-31
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• 2006

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.303-309
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• 2021

Background: Humidifier disinfectant is a biocidal product used in the water tanks of humidifiers to prevent the growth of microorganisms. Although there are a huge number of cases of reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects across the entire Korean population, their numbers are distributed differently depending on the region. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the regional distribution of enrollment cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects. Methods: This study used data on 6,240 subjects who experienced humidifier disinfectant-related health effects and who enrolled their cases which is conducted by the Korea Ministry of Environment. We examined the regional distribution of the enrolled cases based on sixteen administrative divisions and assessed the: 1) crude number; 2) proportional rate; and 3) age-standardized proportional rate of enrollment by region. Results: When we examined the crude number of enrollments by region, the highest number were in Gyeonggi-do Province (n=1,896), followed in order by Seoul (n=1,405), Incheon (n=436) Busan, Daegu, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Daejeon, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Jeollabuk-do Province, Gwangju, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Jeollanam-do Province, Ulsan, and Jeju-do. When we examined proportional rate of the regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), Daejeon (n=16.2) was the region with the highest rate, followed in order by Gyeonggi-do Province (n=16.1), Incheon-do Province (n=15.9), Seoul, Daegu, Gwangju, Jeollabuk-do Province, Chungcheongnam-do Province, Busan, Chungcheongbuk-do Province, Gangwon-do Province, Gyeongsanbuk-do Province, Gyeongsangnam-do Province, Ulsan, Jeju-do, and Jeollanam-do Province, which is inconsistent with the order in terms of crude numbers. However, when we examined the age-standardized proportional rate of regional enrollment (cases per 100,000 population), their ranked distribution is consistent with the crude rate. Conclusions: This study observed that the regional distribution of the enrolled cases who reported humidifier disinfectant-related health effects is inconsistent with the regional distribution of the proportional rate of enrollment cases, which may be caused in part by the volume of the inherent population of each region.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2014

We estimated the influence of environmental factors on zooplankton communities at 25 reservoirs during winter (December 2010 to January 2011). Among zooplankton groups, Cyclops vicinus is more dominant during winter, and this is positively related to withered vegetation area and dissolved oxygen level. Therefore, the presence of withered vegetation might be considered as an important factor to determine C. vicinus distribution during winter. We considered that withered vegetation might be utilized as a habitat for C. vicinus, as well as provide an attachment substrate for periphytic algae. Abundance of periphytic algae can lead to high concentration of dissolved oxygen. Although copepods prefer high water temperatures for increasing their population growth, if Cyclops can overcome low temperature stress that leads to disruption of population, their population growth initiation in the next growing season (i.e. next spring) is possibly propelled by the winter population.