• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.843-850
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• 2006

The standardization on RDD and REL has been developed by MPEG. REL is a Right Expression Language and RDD is term dictionary which develop active application of REL. However, since REL documents could be oかy edited by user understanding MPEG-21's framework, much easier editing system is required. As well, REL Consumption System to process and analyze REL documents, the RDD interoperability system to interoperate REL and RDD are needed. In this paper, REL Editing System and REL Consumption System, RDD Web Services System were designed and implemented, REL Editing System to make REL document, REL Consumption System to process and analyze edited documents, RDD Web Services System to process rights inquiry base on the Web Services.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.2106-2115
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• 2016

To identify the global effects of (p)ppGpp in the gram-positive bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans, which exhibits remarkable resistance to radiation and other stresses, RelA/SpoT homolog (RSHs) mutants were constructed by direct deletion mutagenesis. The results showed that RelA has both synthesis and hydrolysis domains of (p)ppGpp, whereas RelQ only synthesizes (p)ppGpp in D. radiodurans. The growth assay for mutants and complementation analysis revealed that deletion of relA and relQ sensitized the cells to $H_2O_2$, heat shock, and amino acid limitation. Comparative proteomic analysis revealed that the bifunctional RelA is involved in DNA repair, molecular chaperone functions, transcription, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and metabolism, suggesting that relA maintains the cellular (p)ppGpp levels and plays a crucial role in oxidative resistance in D. radiodurans. The D. radiodurans relA and relQ genes are responsible for (p)ppGpp synthesis/hydrolysis and (p)ppGpp hydrolysis, respectively. (p)ppGpp integrates a general stress response with a targeted re-programming of gene regulation to allow bacteria to respond appropriately towards heat shock, oxidative stress, and starvation. This is the first identification of RelA and RelQ involvement in response to oxidative, heat shock, and starvation stresses in D. radiodurans, which further elucidates the remarkable resistance of this bacterium to stresses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.520-524
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• 2003

Problem of compatibility, content protection, contents circulation ok. was caused between contents offerer and consumers by indiscreet right technical development about digital contents. The MPEG committee proposed MPEG-21 framework for these problem solution and for right managing in MPEG-21 inside XML(eXtensible Markup Language)'s structure REL(Right Expression Language) that is a right expression language propose. Contents protection, circulation, standard right information representation for administration that is reasonable and is the transposition enemy mutually by REL's use doing based on this MPEG-21 were available. Fast correspondence about new technology is necessary circumstance because present MPEG-21 is in study step and REL edit solution as infra technology is required. Also, development of REL document edit system is required mere because this REL document edit has difficulty in edit except expert with MPEG-21 Framework. In this paper, designed and embody about REL document mastication system that right creation and edit are available efficiently about contents easily without comprehension of MPEG-21 framework and client system that present consumption method of REL right document.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.421-424
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• 2005

Recently, As the managing techniques of consuming method and transmission for the sharply increasing multimedia contents has been developed regardless of compatibility by each company, It is a serious obstacle to the development of the organized copyright techniques because nothing can be shared by each other. The MPEG committee under ISO established MPEG-21 framework for it and proposed the REL as the words taking care of copyright and standardized them. However, there seemed to be some problems that special knowledge such as Schema defining the structures of XML and REL should be necessary. Furthermore, There can be some obscurity when the authority of REL document and one of consumer side is different. Therefore, in this paper, we laid out and realized the copyright including consuming system to copyright and prove the REL documents more conveniently and RDD integration system using Web Services technology which can get rid of the vagueness of REL.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2017

The universality of the quasi-linear relation between the order parameter S and the normalized birefringence ${\Delta}n_{rel}$, $S=(1+a){\Delta}n_{rel}-a{\Delta}n^2_{rel}$ is confirmed. It is verified that the refractive index of liquid crystals distributed with regular polyhedral symmetry is isotropic and it is given as $\frac{1}{n^2_{av}}=\frac{1}{3}\(\frac{1}{n^2_e}+\frac{2}{n^2_o}\){\cdot}S$ and ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ of angular weighted liquid crystals that are initially distributed with regular polyhedral symmetry, are numerically calculated. Also ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and S of liquid crystals that are conically distributed, keeping the rotational symmetry about z-axis are calculated as the apex angle of the cone is varied. Based on these calculated results, it is confirmed that the quasi-linear relation between S and ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ is universal, independent of the details of the distribution function.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

The birefringence of distributed, uniaxially anisotropic molecules like liquid crystals is calculated as the degree of ordering is varied. The relation between the normalized birefringence ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and the orientational order parameter S is investigated. The distribution function, which enables one to monitor the degree of ordering of liquid crystals including randomly distributed ones, is introduced. Using this distribution function, a series of distributed liquid crystals with order parameters ranging from 0 to 1 are generated, and ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and S of the correspondingly distributed liquid crystals are calculated. Based on the calculated data, it is revealed that ${\Delta}n_{rel}$ and S satisfy the quasi-linear relation of $S=(1+a){\Delta}n_{rel}-a{\Delta}n^2_{rel}$, where a can be approximated as $n_o{\frac{{\Delta}n}{4}}$. The anisotropy of molecular polarizability is also calculated, using the birefringence, and separately following Vuks' method and Neugebauer's method, and it is shown that the relations between S and the molecular-polarizability anisotropy are also quasi-linear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.623-626
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• 2005

The technique of developing Digital Contents have still not be a standard, and it is cause some problems in the Digital Contents's creating, circulation and consumption, So solve the problem, MPEG suggest MPEG-21 framework. In the standard, The IPMP take charge of the Digital Contents's protection and management, and also it is the same as the rights expression language REL and the dictionary defining the word of REL. But. the study of the IPMP is later than the study of REL and RDD, such as the other study of the MPEG-21 standard. So, there is few system based REL and RDD. In this paper, in order to management and protect contents right. So facing the latest standard, we designed and implementation the Tool Server and the License Server based on REL/RDD.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.43-55
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• 2004

This paper presents a study on evaluating the reliability indices considering a transmission system. Because successful operation of electric power under the deregulated electricity market depends on transmission system reliability management, quantity evaluation of transmission system reliability is very important. This paper introduces features and operation modes of the Transmission Reliability Evaluation for Large-Scale Systems(TRELSS) Version 6.0, a commercial program made in EPRI, and TranRel-I V3.2, a educational program made in GSNU(GyeongSang National University) for assessing reliability indices of composite power system. The packages access not only bulk but also bus indices for reliability evaluation of composite powers system. The practicality, effectiveness and future works of this methodology are illustrated by demonstrations of two case studies of modified IEEE 25 buses reliability test system using TRELSS and TranRel-I and a brief case study for the KEPCO size system using TranRel-II made in GSNU.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.462-468
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• 2004

In order to evaluate adaptation to the environment in released fish, digestive organ and body composition were compared among 1-year old cultured (CUL), released (REL) and wild (WIL) Black Sea Bream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) of the REL was significantly lower than those of the CUL and WIL fish, but intestine weight index (IWI) of REL was significantly higher than those of the CUL and WIL fish. There were no significant differences in stomach weight index (SWI) and condition facto. (CF) among those different fish groups. The number of pyloric caeca of the REL and WIL fish were 4, but the $30{\%}$ of CUL fish was 3 counts. The moisture content of whole body in the WIL fish was significantly higher than the CUL and REL fish, but significant lowest in the crude lipid of whole body. The content of moisture and crude protein of dorsal muscle were no significant differences among the CUL, REL and WIL fish, but crude lipid content of WIL fish was significantly lower than the CUL and REL fish. Moisture content of CUL fish in the liver was significantly lower than the REL and WIL fish, and crude lipid was significant lowest in the WIL fish. Amino acid content of dorsal muscle in the WIL fish was highest in the total amino acid, EAA and E/A ratio, and CUL fish was highest EAA and E/A ratio in liver. EPA content in dorsal muscle of WIL fish was lower than CUL and REL fish, and the REL fish was highest in DHA content of the fatty acid. EPA content in liver of WIL fish was lower than CUL and REL fish, and DHA content in REL and WIL fish was highest and lowest. Crude protein content of CUL and WIL fish in the scale was significantly higher than REL fish, but there were no significant differences in contents of crude lipid and ash. Ca and P of scale were formed most of mineral and content of P in CUL fish was significantly higher than those of REL and WIL fish. There were no significant differences in Mg, K, Na and S of scale, but CUL fish was significantly lower than REL fish in C1. The results suggest that difference of digestive organs and body composition concluded it from differences of inhabitation environment and feed formulations.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2007

We demonstrate that paclitaxel, an antitumor agent derived from yew tree, inhibits LPS- and $IFN-{\gamma}$-induced NF-kB/Rel activation in RAW 264.7 cells. Previously, paclitaxel ($>10{\mu}M$) has been known to induce iNOS gene expression in macrophages. However, in the previous report we described that the pretreatment of macrophages with low concentration of paclitaxel ($0.1{\mu}M$) for 8 h inhibited LPS-induced iNOS gene expression. Pretreatment of RAW 264.7 cells with paclitaxel significantly inhibited NF-kB/Rel transcriptional activation. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay further confirmed that pretreatment of macrophages with paclitaxel inhibited NF-kB/Rel DNA binding. Taxotere, a semisynthetic analog of paclitaxel, also inhibited LPS- and $IFN-{\gamma}$-induced iNOS gene expression. Collectively, these series of experiments indicate that paclitaxel inhibits iNOS gene expression by blocking NF-kB/Rel activation.