• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.261-270
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• 2007

Objective : The 5-HMF was not index material suitable to do the quality control of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. In this study, We estimated the changes of oligosaccharide contents in Rehmanniae Radix Preparata using high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection(HPAEC-PAD). Methods : The analysis of oligosaccharide was conducted by HPAEC-PAD with Carbopac PA1, $250{\times}4mm$, 5um, and Carbopac PA1 guard column. Column temperature was kept at $30^{\circ}C$. Elution was carried out at 1000 ${\mu}l/min$ with 70mM NaOH and the injection volume was $10{\mu}l$. Each component was detected by PAD. Results : Nine constituents were found from merchandising Rehmanniae Radix Preparata(MR), while seven constituents were found in various processed Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. Not all constituents were defined but stachyose and raffinose were found in all cases. And The most common constituents of Rehmanniae radix was stachyose. In the course of processing, most of stachyose and raffinose were decreased. Stachyose was decreased slowly in the course of processing with rice wine(RR), amomi and rice wine(AR), and crataegi and rice wine(CR). However stachyose was decreased rapidly in the course of processing with fresh rehmannia juice(FR). The method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the smallest decrease of stachyose. And processing method with crataegi and rice wine(CR) showed the most abundant amount for stachyose after the nineth processing. Conclusion : The changes of oligosaccharides in the course of processing were a very important direct barometers to do the quality control and set up a standard of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.125-136
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• 2004

The pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines have not been clearly defined in spite of their effective use in treating many diseases throughout the world. Many Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupy an important place in traditional medicine in far eastern countries including Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental drugs prevent allergic disease in vivo or in vitro models. Some Korean folk medicine inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect on systemic or local anaphylaxis reaction. Potential anti-anaphylactic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum-Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryong-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; Cichorium intybus; Perilla frutescens; Vitex rotundifolia; Terminalia chebula; Siberian Ginseng; Solanum melongena; Gahmi-Shini-San; Alpinia oxyphylla; Acanthopanax senticosus root; Prunella vulgaris; Allergina; Ixeris dentate; Acanthopanax senticosus stem; Tongkyutang; Salvia plebeia; Rubus coreanus; Sinpo- Tang; Dodutang; Forsythia fructus; Xanthii fructus; and Purple bamboo slat. Ensuring the effects and understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Although Oriental medicines have long been used effectively in treating many diseases throughout the world, the pharmacological mechanisms of most Oriental medicines used have not been defined. As part of our continuing search for biologically active antiallergic drugs from natural sources, Oriental medicines were analyzed. Some Oriental medicines have been used against various allergic diseases for generations, and still occupies an important place in traditional medicine in Korea. It is also still unclear how Oriental medicine prevents allergic disease in experimental animal models. Some Korean folk medicines inhibited the mast cell-mediated allergic reaction. This review summarizes the effective folk medicine in experimental effect of allergic reaction. Potential antiallergic folk medicines include: Poncirus trifoliata; Siegesbeckia glabrescence; Solanum lyratum; Aquilaria agallocha; Ulmi radicis; Polygonum tinctorium; Hwanglyun-Haedok-Tang; Rehmannia glutinosa; Kum- Hwag-San; Syzygium aromaticm; Spirulina platensis; Sosiho-Tang; Sinomenium acutum; Schizonepta tenuifolia; Shini-San; Magnoliae flos; Sochungryoung-Tang; Oryza sativa; Cryptotympana atrata; Salviae radix; Rosa davurica; Asiasari radix; Chung-Dae-San; and Cichorium intybus. Understanding the mechanisms of action for these Oriental medicines can permit drug development and laying of the ground-work for evaluating potential synergistic effects by addition and subtraction of prescriptions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

Twenty-four compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extract of Rehmanniae Radix (Scrophulariaceae) cultivated in Ubo-myeon, Gunwi-gun, Gyeongbuk province, Korea and their structures were identified as four iridoids [6-O-(4''-O-${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl) vanilloyl ajugol (17), ajugol (18), aucubin (19), and catalpol (20)], three phenethyl alcohol glycosides [decaffeoyl acteoside (15), isoacteoside (16), and acteoside (21)], five sugar derivatives [ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructofuranoside (7), eleutheroside C (14), mannitol (22), raffinose (23), and stachyose (24)], two terpenoids [remophilanetriol (4) and glutinolic acid (11)], a lignan, paulownin (2), and eight others [${\beta}$-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (6), monopalmitin (3), pinellic acid (9), uracil (5), adenosine (12), jio-cerebroside (10), aeginetic acid 5-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (8), aeginetoyl ajugol 5''-O-${\beta}$-D-quinovoside (13)]. The chemical structures of these compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic methods and comparison with literature values. Among these compounds, paulownin (2), monopalmitin (3), uracil (5), daucosterol (6), ethyl ${\beta}$-D-fructo-furanoside (7), and eleutheroside C (14) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

Background: Rehmanniae radix preparata (RRP) has been used as a traditional medicine and is one of the most important oriental herbal medicines. However, the physical characteristics of RRP are not suitable for use in industry. The present study was under-taken to determined the preparation method of RRP powder and the physicochemical characteristics of RRP powder by milling under different pre-freezing temperatures. Methods and Results: Moisture content, powder yield, particle size, bulk density, compressive stress, extraction yield, and 5-HMF content of PRR powders by milling with pre-freezing temperatures (-20, -40, -60, and $-80^{\circ}C$) were analyzed, and correlation among these factors was determined. Powder yield increased and particle size decreased in a pre-freezing temperature-dependent manner from -20 to $-60^{\circ}C$. The Hausner ratio increased from 1.186 to 1.225 with decreasing temperature from -20 to $-80^{\circ}C$, whereas compressive stress showed the opposite trend. Extraction yield and 5-HMF content were not significantly different between RRP powder. Significant correlations were observed among pre-freezing temperature and physical characteristics (e.g., yield, particle size, Hausner ratio, and compressive stress). Conclusions: These results suggest that the pre-freezing temperature is an important factor affecting the physical characteristics of PRR powder and applicable to the industrial production of RRP powder.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.257-262
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• 1999

We investigated the biological activities on ethanol extracts of R. glutinosa and R. glutinosa Preparata. The result of anti-mutagenicity suggested that the ethanol extract of R. glutinosa Preparata showed stronger activity than that of R. glutinosa ethanol extract. All of the ethanol extracts showed over 50% growth inhibition of several cancer cell lines. Especially, 61% of the cell growth of Hep3B was inhibited by adding 1g/ l of ethanol extract of R. glutinosa Preparata. In hypoglycemic activities and controlling blood pressure, 63.69% of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and 56.58% of ACE activities were inhibited by adding 1g/ l of ethanol extract of R. glutinosa Preparata. In general, the ethanol extract of R. glutinosa Preparata showed higher biological activities than those of R. glutinosa.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1056-1060
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• 2011

To summarize and make a reference number of natural materials used to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy. We surveyed all papers of diabetic peripheral neuropathy studies using natural materials in PubMed as "diabetic peripheral neuropathy AND plant", "diabetic peripheral neuropathy AND herbal", "diabetic peripheral neuropathy AND herb", etc. The number of papers, the formation of experiments, frequency of natural materials studies, and main studies were analyzed. Total 48 studies were finally selected. Of the papers, experiments with rats were the most common. Most studies were about fatty acids or herbal medicines. Rehmannia glutinosa, Cinnamomi Ramulus, Astragali Radix and so on were relatively studied much. This study produced an overview of worldwide natural materials used for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. This result may provide a valuable information of development of Korean herbal medicine used to treat diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.163-187
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• 2008

Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the treatment of precocious puberty in current traditional Chinese medical journals. Methods To figure out diagnosis methods, treatment methods, treatment effects of oriental medicine about precious puberty, Chinese medical journals from China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) which was published from 1999 to 2007 were analyzed and precocious puberty was also been searched. Results 82 articles were selected. 1. Yin and purging Fire(滋陰瀉火) from traditional Chinese Medicine was usually used. 2. The herbs were almost used such as Rehmannia glutinosa(地黃), Anemarrhena asphodeloides (知母), Phellodendron amurense(黃柏), Thesium chinense(夏枯草), Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews(牧丹皮), Alisma canaliculatum(澤瀉), Testudinis Plastrum(龜板), Paeonia japonica(白芍藥), Bupleurum falcatum(柴胡), Genianae Scabrae Radix(龍膽草). 3. The total improvement rate was 72.50 to 100% Conclusions The oriental medical treatments for precocious puberty were presumed to be effective, but more studies are still needed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2022

Objective This study identified useful herbal medicines and prescriptions for obesity treatment by analyzing herbal medicines and prescriptions that showed meaningful results in weight loss by changing the gut microbiota. Methods Using PubMed, we selected and studied 23 papers showing meaningful results on weight loss through changes in the gut microbiota using herbal medicines. Result Of the 23 selected papers, 17 were of studies using herbal medicines, and 6 of studies using prescriptions. Pomegranate peel, Flos Lonicera, Rehmannia glutinosa, Rhein, Coix seed, Platycodon grandiflorus, mulberry leaves, Poria cocos, asperuloside, Bupleuri radix, Astragalus polysaccharides, Ephedra sinica, Ganoderma lucidum, Hirsutella sinensis, Caulis spatholobi, aconite, and Bletilla striata were used as herbal medicine. Linggui zhugan-tang, Bofutsushosan, Shenling baizhu powder, Chowiseungcheng-tang, Daesiho-tang, and Yijin-tang were used as prescription. Conclusion Seventeen herbal medicines and six prescriptions associated with meaningful results in weight loss through changes in the gut microbiota, suggest the possibility of treatment and prevention of obesity through herbal medicine.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1518-1524
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• 2011

This study was investigated the quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of the Rehmanniae radix (Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. var. purpurea Makino) paste (RRP) and Rehmanniae radix preparata extract (RRPP). RRP and RRPP were made from vacuum concentrates of hot water extracts. The sugar contents of RRP and RRPP were 65.3 and 72.0$^{\circ}Brix$, respectively, whereas the reducing sugar contents were 2.4% and 44.9%. The pH level was lowest in the RRPP. The DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of RRPP were much higher than those of RRP. Total phenol contents of RRP and RRPP were 2.15 mg/mL and 12.36 mg/mL, respectively. FRAP values of RRP and RRPP were 0.55 mg/mL and 2.02 mg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that RRPP was the most appropriate in terms of both physicochemical and antioxidative activities.