• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2019

Objectives: To identify factors related to physical health monitoring of patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Methods: A total of 172 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder registered in mental health welfare centers and rehabilitation facilities in Gwangju were recruited. Physical health monitoring was defined by two health behaviors; fasting blood tests within recent 2 years in all participants and routine medical check-ups covered by national insurance within recent 5 years in participants aged 40 years or older. Demographic and clinical characteristics including overweight, metabolic syndrome and knowledge about physical illness were compared according to physical health monitoring. Results: Prevalence of overweight and metabolic syndrome were 62.8% and 40.1%, respectively. The rates of fasting blood tests and routine medical check-ups were 34.9% and 67.9%, respectively. The rates of fasting blood tests were significantly higher in general hospital and university hospital compared to mental hospital or private clinic. Rates of routine medical check-ups were significantly lower in individuals using daily rehabilitation service and smokers. Knowledge about cancer and chronic illness were significantly better in individuals receiving routine medical check-ups compared with those not receiving it. Conclusion: Education about physical health should be integrated to mental health service in community mental health center.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.9-20
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• 2023

Purpose: This study classified the actual functions of geriatric hospitals and examined the differences in their characteristics, in order to provide a basis for discussions on defining the functions of geriatric hospitals and how to pay for care. Methodology: This study used various administrative data such as health insurance data and long-term care insurance data. Cluster analysis was used to categorize geriatric hospitals. To examine the validity of the cluster analysis results, we conducted a discriminant analysis to calculate the accuracy of the classification. To examine cluster characteristics, we examined structure, process, and outcome indicators for each cluster. Findings: The cluster analysis identified five clusters. They were geriatric hospitals with relatively short stays for cancer patients(cluster 1; cancer patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with relatively large numbers of patients using rehabilitation services(cluster 2; rehabilitation patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with a high proportion of relatively severe elderly patients(cluster 3; severe elderly patient-centered), geriatric hospitals with a high proportion of mildly ill elderly patients with various conditions(cluster 4; mildly ill elderly patient-centered), and geriatric hospitals with a significantly higher proportion of dementia patients(cluster 5; dementia patient-centered). The largest number of geriatric hospitals were categorized in clusters 4 and 5, and the structure and process indicators for these clusters were generally lower than for the other clusters. Practical Implications: We have confirmed the existence of geriatric hospitals where the medical function, which is the original purpose of a geriatric hospital, has been weakened. It has been observed that the quality level of these geriatric hospitals is likely to be lower compared to hospitals that prioritize enhanced medical functions. Therefore, it is suggested to consider the conversion of these geriatric hospitals into long-term care facilities, and careful consideration should be given to the review of care-giver payment coverage.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.463-473
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the cognitive functions, health conditions, activities of daily living, depression and sleep states among the elderly at care facilities. The subjects include 204 elderly people aged 65. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression. The findings show that the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are related to their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, lack of physical freedom, listening ability, state of teeth, urinary incontinence, activities of daily living, and state of sleep. Their cognitive functions had positive correlations with activities of daily living and negative correlations with state of sleep. Their cognitive impairment was significantly influenced by their engagement in regular exercise, duration of residency, grade of care, listening ability, ADL, IAD dependency, and sleep disorder. In short, the cognitive functions of the elderly at care facilities are highly related to their health conditions as perceived and felt by them. It is thus required to develop, apply, and consistently assess and manage cognitive rehabilitation training programs to provide interventions for the factors that influence their cognitive impairment.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2014

In paper after the strong earthquake of recently the Korea neighborhood, the Korean government survey show that the 86% of school buildings in Korea are in potential damage risk and only 14% of them are designed as earthquake-resistance buildings. Earthquake Reinforcing projects of school have been a leading by the ministry of education, however their reinforcing methods done by not proved a engineering by experiment which results in uneconomical and uneffective rehabilitation for the future earthquake. An experimental and analytical study have been conducted for the shear reinforcing method of RC beam by axis and horizontal axis load using attaching composite beam. Based on the previous research, in this study, design examples are given to show the performance evaluation for the column reinforcing of old school buildings using nonlinear analysis is going to be conducted and strengthening method is going to be on the market after their performance is proved by the test.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of supplementary verbal encouragement according to the gender on the activation of abdominal muscles during performance of crunch exercise in healthy subjects. METHODS: A Total of 32 healthy subjects (15 male and 17 female) were randomly allocated to two conditions, crunch exercise with Ki-hap and verbal encouragement with same gender (CKVS) and crunch exercise with Ki-hap and verbal encouragement with different gender (CKVD). The interventions were conducted over three trials in each condition, and measurements were performed on each subject by one examiner in three trials. The activation of rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, and transverse abdominis muscles were evaluated using electromyography (EMG) during performance of crunch exercise with Ki-hap and verbal encouragement with same gender or different gender, respectively. RESULTS: The results showed that there were no significantly difference in the activation of all abdominal muscles in those of the CKVS compared with the CKVD (p>.05). The results also showed that there were no significantly difference in the ratio of muscle activation at global muscle to that at local muscle between two conditions (p>.05). CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrated that application of the supplementary verbal encouragement by gender does not affect to activate the abdominal muscles of subject to perform a movement, at the same time, it would suggest positive evidence for improving activation of abdominal muscles.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.19-36
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• 2010

Fee for long-term care insurance in Korea are determined in proportion to resources utilized according to severity rather than based on categorization of beneficiaries in consideration of the characteristics of resource utilization. This adoption is based on the assumption that as beneficiaries of long-term care insurance, characteristically, demands social services rather than needs medical treatments, the characteristics of beneficiaries and the quality of utilized resources are comparatively homogenous. Therefore, the proposition is that the size of resource consumed by beneficiaries in the same grade is identical. However, even in the same grade, the level of utilized resources is different depending on the characteristic of beneficiaries. In this regard, this study is to examine whether there are differences in the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries even in the same grade. We analyzed time study data for 2003, 2005, 2006 which conducted by the Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. To look at differences in the volumes of utilized resources, we identified characteristics of beneficiaries that influence utilized resource volumes and categorized services provided by facilities into the rehabilitation treatment category, the problematic behavior category, and the physical malfunction category. Then, we examined each service in consideration of service difficulty levels and wage weights. The result of examination showed that differences in utilized resource volumes exist in all three grades depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries. Especially, in the first grade with a high level of seriousness, utilized resource volumes were different for those three service categories and the problematic behaviour category considered dementia was found to consume the largest volume of resources. Moreover, there was the inversion phenomenon of utilized resources volumes between the grades. This result indicates that utilized resource volumes are different even in the same grade depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries and it is required to consider case-mix for reflection of the volumes of utilized resources depending on the characteristics of beneficiaries.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.8 no.3 s.20
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• pp.53-64
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• 1999

The subjects of the research is the architecture expressed traditionality from the time of the Open Port on, including North Korea region. The scope is divided into three periods; the first is from the Open Port to the Rehabilitation (光復),1945, the second is from then to 1960, and the last is from 1960 to the present. The expression of Koreanity(韓國性) should be concerned with the states at the time. In the beginning of the first period the alienate culture and the new modern facilities, like electricity, telecommunication system, train service, etc., rushes to Korea and the traditional architecture accepted the most of the new-comings; therefore, the original form was transformed. That seems to be the beginning of the discourse on traditionality in Korea architecture. The expression was showed up in four parts: ${\bullet}$ Korea traditional architecture accepting the foreign culture and the modern facilities ${\bullet}$ the compromise between foreign and traditional architectural form ${\bullet}$ the compromise between the Modem and traditional architecture ${\bullet}$ the Imperial Crown Style(帝冠樣式) which is the eclectic architecture with transformed roof. The figurative expression in the present architecture was showed up in roughly two parts: ${\bullet}$ the traditional form directly depicted wholly / partially ${\bullet}$ the abstract traditional form wholly / partially Moreover the results on the research traditional architecture have been collected, the principles have been drawn out. Especially the first beauty is not on form or figure of a building but on the composition of architectures and the harmony of the natural circumstances and architectures. So many contemporary architects make efforts to apply the principles to the composition and formation of current architecture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 1977

Varieties of literatures were reviewed in regard to the fundamental concept of day hospital, historical trends, the recipient of its care, facilities and personnel, therapeutic programmes and the follow-up care plans. Through the research the advantages of day hospital were highlighted in order to provide the reference for those who consider planning such health care institution. Since the introduction of the concept of day hospital and its implementation in 1930, many psychiatric patients world over are treated and cared. Patients with specific health problems ; alcoholism, acute or serious psychiatric disease, tendencies of humidor suicidal attempts, and with serious physical problems were excluded from the general recipient. Day hospital were annexed to the psychiatric hospitals in most in instances ; facilities, personnel, except nursing personnel, were shared. All therapeutic care were planned in daley, weekly programmes, and were focussed on socialization. The follow-up care were provided for those participating post- therapy club activities which were planned and introduced ahead. Many advantages of day-hospital care in contrast to the traditional hospitalization care were found: 1. The abrupt discontinuity of his family and other social role is prevented. 2. Therapeutic progress is faster. 3. Lessened economic burden to the family. 4. Behavioral regression is lessened and the lessened fear of hospitalization. 5. Less injury to the patients, self- respect, through lessened anxiety of hospitalization. 6. Incidents of secondary crisis believed to be existing in long term cases are decreased. 7. Therapeutic care implemented in freer atmosphere, better Patient-personnel relationships are created. 8. Varieties of group activities are Induced which enable faster recovery. 9. Patients could engage himself with social activities including getting job on part-time basis. 10. Rehabilitation of patient could be implemented.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2016

Purpose : The information of mental health facilities in Korean law is so unclear that people hardly enable to understand what sort of proper mental health service is prepared for them. Futhermore, there is not enough regulation and standard to classify each type of facilities in the law. Therefore the purpose of this study is to provide data on the basis for classification and facility standards by analysing Korean law and policies. Methods : This study was conducted by a research on law and regulation of mental health facility. Results : The result of this study can be summarized into three points. The first one, current law and policy do not reflect a change in community mental health services paradigm. The second one, the classified facility should be designed to fit the community mental health services. The third one, overall, it requires more detailed guidelines to enhance the quality of mental health services. Besides, the treatment as well as the function of the prevention and rehabilitation are necessary criteria that can also be enhanced. Implications : This study looked at the classification and facility standard of mental health facility by the change in community mental health services paradigm. Forward according to these changes, there is a need for specific guidelines for mental health facility.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.134-158
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• 1998

The objectives of this article are to identify the current status of agricultural infrastructure in North Korea and to suggest some cooperation measures among South and North Koreas and international agencies in order to develop the North Korea's agricultural infrastructure. The area of cultivated land in North Korea is 1,992 thousand ha (paddy field: 585 thousand ha: upland: 1,407 thousand ha) in 1997. Major water use facilities in North Korea are 1,900 reservoirs (included 100 big dams), 36,400 irrigation pumping stations, 1,600 drainage pumping stations, and 14'a,000 wells. In addition, there is 'two thousand Ri canal construction project' linking the rivers of Aprok, Daeryong, Daedong, Jaeryong, and Yesong. The unit of paddy land consolidation is about 1 ha which is regarded as rational for agricultural mechanization. The project of 'Darak' upland construction to create small size farmland, which has been carried out since 1976 has been unsuccessful due to the shortage of construction equipment. The area of farmland created by reclamation by 1995 is only 75 thousand ha although the potential project area is at)out 320 thousand ha along the western coast. It is due to the fact that civil engineering technologies and equipments are old and investment funds are insufficient. These are a few suggested areas of cooperation among South and North Korea and international agencies in order to improve North Korea's agricultural infrastructure : i) see land reclamation and land consolidation projects to increase paddy fields for rice production; ii) rehabilitation project in farm land areas devastated by flood; and iii) agricultural water development project which including diagnosing and rehabilitating irrigation and drainage facilities.