• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.21.1-21.22
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• 2021

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have strong immunosuppressive activity and are morphologically similar to conventional monocytes and granulocytes. The development and classification of these cells have, however, been controversial. The activation network of MDSCs is relatively complex, and their mechanism of action is poorly understood, creating an avenue for further research. In recent years, MDSCs have been found to play an important role in immune regulation and in effectively inhibiting the activity of effector lymphocytes. Under certain conditions, particularly in the case of tissue damage or inflammation, MDSCs play a leading role in the immune response of the central nervous system. In cancer, however, this can lead to tumor immune evasion and the development of related diseases. Under cancerous conditions, tumors often alter bone marrow formation, thus affecting progenitor cell differentiation, and ultimately, MDSC accumulation. MDSCs are important contributors to tumor progression and play a key role in promoting tumor growth and metastasis, and even reduce the efficacy of immunotherapy. Currently, a number of studies have demonstrated that MDSCs play a key regulatory role in many clinical diseases. In light of these studies, this review discusses the origin of MDSCs, the mechanisms underlying their activation, their role in a variety of clinical diseases, and their function in immune response regulation.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2024.07a
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• pp.407-414
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• 2024

Social conflict surrounding public infrastructure projects has grown because of increasing project complexity and accelerated conflict propagation. This social conflict stems from various concerns ranging from environmental issues to regulatory and compliance requirements resulting in the intervention of various stakeholders with different interests. Against this backdrop, understanding the stakeholders involved and their dynamics is crucial for effective project management and smooth implementation of the project. Therefore, this paper introduces an analytical process utilizing ChatGPT to automatically identify stakeholders involved in the social conflict surrounding the public infrastructure project from news articles. As a result, a stakeholder network is constructed to delve into the complex stakeholder interrelationships and identify key stakeholders of the specific period. To explore the potential of the proposed process, an experimental case study of the Jeju 2^nd Airport project, which suffered from a high level of social conflict, was conducted. The proposed process enables timely analysis of the conflict situation which is crucial for successful conflict management. This study highlights the significance of a systemic approach to timely stakeholder analysis, setting the groundwork for a quantitative and up-to-date investigation of social conflicts around public infrastructure projects.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.23.1-23.9
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• 2023

The mammalian sirtuin family, consisting of SIRT1-SIRT7, plays a vital role in various biological processes, including cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, cellular metabolism, and cellular homeostasis maintenance. Due to their involvement in these biological processes, modulating sirtuin activity seems promising to impact immuneand aging-related diseases, as well as cancer pathways. However, more understanding is required regarding the safety and efficacy of sirtuin-targeted therapies due to the complex regulatory mechanisms that govern their activity, particularly in the context of multiple targets. In this study, the interaction landscape of the sirtuin family was analyzed using a systems biology approach. A sirtuin protein-protein interaction network was built using the Cytoscape platform and analyzed using the NetworkAnalyzer and stringApp plugins. The result revealed the sirtuin family's association with numerous proteins that play diverse roles, suggesting a complex interplay between sirtuins and other proteins. Based on network topological and functional analysis, SIRT1 was identified as the most prominent among sirtuin family members, demonstrating that 25 of its protein partners are involved in cancer, 22 in innate immune response, and 29 in aging, with some being linked to a combination of two or more pathways. This study lays the foundation for the development of novel therapies that can target sirtuins with precision and efficacy. By illustrating the various interactions among the proteins in the sirtuin family, we have revealed the multifaceted roles of SIRT1 and provided a framework for their possible roles to be precisely understood, manipulated, and translated into therapeutics in the future.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2010

We consider an economic approach for spectrum operations in mobile networks. We present the investment function of base stations according to the number of FAs assuming the linearity of cell splitting. We show that there is an economic amount of spectrum which corresponds to the optimal number of FAs that minimizes the investment. We analyze the impact of the cost structure and the traffic distribution in base stations on the economic amount of spectrum. This paper is applicable to an economic spectrum operation for mobile operators. In addition, the national regulatory authority can use the economic amount of spectrum as the minimal amount for spectrum allocation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.07b
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• pp.238-240
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• 2005

유전자의 생물학적 기능을 밝히고 세포 내 상호작용을 이해하는 것은 post-genome era의 가장 중요한 작업 중 하나이다. 세포는 서로 다른 컴포넌트들의 상호작용에 의해 아주 복잡한 네트워크를 구성한다. 생화학적 네트워크에는 metabolic, regulatory, signal transduction과 같은 세포의 프로세스를 포함한다. 이러한 생화학적 네트워크들은 서로 다른 정보체계를 가지고 각기 다른 데이터베이스에 분산되어 저장관리 되고 있다. 따라서 생화학적 네트워크 데이터를 체계적으로 효율적으로 저장, 관리하기 위한 데이터베이스에 대한 필요성이 증대되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 생화학적 네트워크 데이터베이스의 장.단점을 분석하고 객체지향 방식에 입각한 새로운 생화학적 네트워크 데이터의 통합을 위한 시스템 모델을 제시한다. 제안된 시스템 모델은 생화학적 네트워크 데이터에 대한 생물학전 관계를 자연스럽게 표현할 수 있는 객체지향 모델을 사용하였다. 또한 생화학적 네트워크 모델을 묘사하기 위한 응용프로그램 사이의 데이터 교환의 표준언어인 SBML[2]스키마를 기반으로 하고 있다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 2009

Over the past several years both licensed and unlicensed services and devices have enjoyed extensive growth in the wireless marketplace. In some urban areas in the Kazakhstan, the penetration rate of licensed cellular and PCS services is more than 60%. Similarly, the use of unlicensed wireless local area network technologies has grown significantly as these systems have been deployed in homes, offices, and 'hot spots' in restaurants, hotels, public meeting areas, etc. As more services are wirelessly enabled and as technologies continue to evolve, the demand for new spectrum for commercial services will also continue to increase. Thus, the appropriate regulatory models for future spectrum allocations will continue to be debated throughout the wireless industry.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-53
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• 2010

최근 국내는 물론 전세계적으로 차세대 가입자망 구축이 활발히 진행되면서 EU를 중심으로 차세대 가입자망의 규제정책에 대한 논의가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 현재까지의 차세대 가입자망 관련 규제정책 논의는 차세대 가입자망 구축 활성화를 위한 투자 유인 제고 및 동등접근성 보장을 통한 경쟁활성화라는 두 가지 핵심 정책 목표에 초점이 맞추어져 있다. 이에 따라 EU의 차세대 가입자망에 대한 기본적인 규제정책 방향은 물론 유립내 각국들은 두 가지 핵심정책 목표 달성을 위한 차세대 가입자망 관련 구체적인 정책방향을 수립하고 다양한 정책대안을 제시하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 차세대 가입자망에 대한 기본적 개념, 국내외 차세대 가입자망 구축 현황과 EU 차원의 차세대 가입자망 규제정책 방향 및 EU 각국들의 정책 동향을 통해 국내 차세대 가입자망의 규제정책 수립시 고려해야 할 이슈들을 살펴보고자 한다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.9
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• pp.437-444
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• 2017

Different types of eukaryotic cells may adopt seemingly distinct modes of directional cell migration. However, several core aspects are regarded common whether the movement is either ameoboidal or mesenchymal. The region of cells facing the attractive signal is often termed leading edge where lamellipodial structures dominates and the other end of the cell called rear end is often mediating cytoskeletal F-actin contraction involving Myosin-II. Dynamic remodeling of cell-to-matrix adhesion involving integrin is also evident in many types of migrating cells. All these three aspects of cell migration are significantly affected by signaling networks of TorC2, TorC1, and PP2A/B56. Here we review the current views of the mechanistic understanding of these regulatory signaling networks and how these networks affect eukaryotic cell migration.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.10a
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• pp.653-656
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• 2007

1998년 European Commission에서 권고한 이래 LRIC 모형은 미국 및 유럽 각국의 규제기관 (National Regulatory Authorities ; NRA)에서 상호접속규제를 시행하는데 사용되는 주요 수단이다. 2004년 영국의 이동전화 착신서비스에 대한 보고서에서 영국의 Ofcom은 LRIC를 2G방식의 이동전화 착신서비스 제공에 따른 원가산정 방법으로 채택하고 있다. 그러나 기존 2G 사업자들이 3G시장에 참여함에 따라 2G 음성통화가 3G로의 전이가능성이 제기되어 3G 서비스제공에 따른 2G 접속료 시장의 충격을 완화하고자 LRIC모형에 3G서비스를 추가하게 되었다. 이동망 원가모형의 기본 구조는 크게 다음과 같은 4개의 모듈로 구성되는데, 이중에서 사업 자간 문제제기가 많고 이견이 많았던 Network모듈과 이동망 모형의 선행모듈인 Input 모듈에서 제기된 이슈사향을 살펴보고, 국내 이동망 LRIC 모듈 개발시의 시사점을 도출하고자 한다.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.603-606
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• 2005

하나의 유전자는 또 다른 유전자의 단백질과 프로모터 영역에서 Binding 함으로써 그 유전자의 발현에 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이러한 두 유전자간의 조절 상호 작용을 유전자 조절망이라 하며 유전체의 핵심적인 기능을 보다 간결하게 표현하는 조절망을 설계할 수 있다. 대표적인 설계 방법으로는 Time-Series Data 를 이용한 방법과 Steady-State Data 를 이용하는 방법이 있으며 이 논문에서는 Steady-State Data 즉, Knock-out Data 를 이용하여 유전자 조절망을 재구성함으로써 기존의 방법을 개선하여 보다 정확한 결과 예측을 목표로 한다.